Green Industrial Technologies for a Sustainable Europe - Brussels, 3rd October 2012 Towards a low-carbon mobility: LPG as automotive fuel Salvatore Piccolo, Manager Autogas Group Assogasliquidi/Federchimica
LPG: the first pillar of the UE long term LPG: the first pillar of the UE long-term strategy of sustainable mobility
Prompt and concrete c alternativeat
Prompt and concrete alternative Competitive price and large offer of models
LPG sources
LPG supply (surplus)
WTW CO2 emissions of conventional LPG Diesel 89,1(grCO2eq/MJ); Benzina 87,5; Metano 76,7; GPL 73,6.
LPG DI systems Source: MTM BRC gas equipment
LPG DI systems Envi advantages vs petrol DI: 1. Significant reduction of PM emissions 2. Important reduction of cranckcase-oil dilution 3. Same or better performances 4. Less cold-start emissions (CO, HC) leaner mix 5. CO2 emissions reduction of about 7-10% Envi advantages vs LPG PFI (bi-fuel): 1. Engine start-up on LPG: less consumption of petrol in gas mode 2. Less cold-start emissions (CO, HC) leaner mix 3. CO2 emissions reduction of about 5-10% 4. better performances Source: MTM BRC gas equipment
LPG DI systems Model Injection Displ. Power Ratio Torque Ratio CO 2 emissions Ratio type [cm 3 ] [kw] [Nm] [g/km] Golf 1.4 petrol PI 1390 59 100% 132 100% 149 100% Golf 1.2 TSI petrol DI 1197 77 131% 175 133% 134 90% Golf lf12tsi 1.2 LPG LPG DI 1197 77 131% 175 133% 121 81% Passat 1.6 petrol PI 1595 75 100% 148 100% 183 100% Passat 1.4 14TSI petrol DI 1390 90 120% 200 135% 138 75% Passat 1.4 TSI LPG LPG DI 1390 90 120% 200 135% 124 68% C Max 1.6 petrol PI 1596 92 100% 159 100% 154 100% C Max 1.6 Ecoboost petrol DI 1596 110 120% 240 151% 154 100% C Max 1.6 Ecoboost LPG DI 1596 110 120% 240 151% 139 90% Source: MTM BRC gas equipment
Dual-fuel systems (LPG-diesel) Contemporary use of LPG and diesel No modification to Diesel engine LPG introduced in the engine through additional injectors LPG stored onboard in a separate gas tank (range extended) Fuel cost reduction (savings depending on gaseous fuel cost) Possibility of maintaining the Diesel mode Low-cost and flexible eco-upgrading Source: Landi Renzo gas equipment
Dual-fuel systems (LPG-diesel) Environmental benefits: Less PM, proportional to diesel reduction: 10-20% Less smoke: -15% NOx lower than Diesel especially at high loads Slight reduction of CO2 emissions Less noise emissions Source: Landi Renzo gas equipment
LPI Hybrid Hyundai/Kia LPI Hybrid combines a four cylinder 1.6 LPI engine of 84 kw and 15kW electric motor (99kW total) Fuel economy of 5,6 l/100km (Urban) CO2 emissions of just 99grams/km (-32% vs equivalent standard petrol powered model); 90% fewer emissions than an equivalent standard petrol powered model (SULEV) Surce: Hyundai press release 2009
Biopropane Biopropane Different types of thermal and chemical production processes Either as a by product or as the principal output The maturity of these technologies varies considerably (laboratory bench, scale up, ready to market) Chemically identical to petroleum derived LP Gas: no need to modify the existing LP Gas equipment Bio DME alternative to biopropane when blended in fossil LPG: DME can be blended with LP Gas in a proportion of up to 25 30% for use as autogas without modifications to equipment or distribution networks (source: International DME Association) The potential for blending bio DME into LP Gas will depend partly on harmonising standards (risk of blends inadvertently exceeding technical limits because of the greater propensity for condensation of DME in cylinders and tanks).
Biopropane These technologies can be categorized according to the type of feedstock vegetable oil, wood and other starchy material and sugar, process hydrogenation, gasification, pyrolysis, and outupts
Biopropane Only HDRD (Hydrogenation-Derived Renewable Diesel) yielding significant volumes of biopropane as a by-product is in full commercial use today 3 Neste BTL plants into production (a fourth onstream) but no biopropane is marketed as yet; about 7.5% of the total output stream; production capacity of 150.000t a significant volume, but nonetheless equal to only 0.06% of global LP Gas supply The first supplies will be available to the market from the first quarter of 2013; The prospects for expanding production from HDRD plants and emerging second-generation biofuels technologies under development depend on: production costs, government incentives (blending mandates, subsidies and favourable taxation); oil prices.