Period Date LAB 7: GENETICS OF ORGANISMS VIRTUAL FLY LAB For your assigned set of traits, go to the Virtual Fly Web site (www.biologylabsonline.com) and use the tools there to determine the genetics of the 4 traits assigned to you (recessive, dominant, X-linked, lethal, etc.). You will also need to determine the genetic relationships between the 4 traits (epistasis, linkage, etc.). Be sure to develop Punnett squares as hypotheses before you complete crosses and Chisquare analyses. Print out the lab notebook pages from Virtual Fly for each of your crosses and complete the summary questions as your final lab write-up. No. Student Name Trait 1 Trait 2 Trait 3 Trait 4 1 AP L Y AR 2 BL VG W CY 3 BW L T D 4 C AP SN SB 5 DP VG SD ST 6 E SS S ST 7 PR L M SB 8 RI VG F D 9 SE AP CV CY 10 SS L Y AR 11 SV EY B AR 12 VG L W CY 13 AP L T D 14 EY SE SN SB 15 VG L SD ST 1 of 8 2004-2005
DROSOPHILA MUTATIONS Abbreviation AP AR B BL BW C CV CY D E EY DP F L M PR RI S SB SD SE SN SS ST SV T VG W Y Mutant Phenotype Apterous Wings Aristapedia Antennae Bar Eyes Black Body Brown Eyes Curved Wings Crossveinless Wings Curly Wings Dichaete Wings Ebony Body Eyeless Eyes Dumpy Wings Forked Bristles Lobe Eyes Miniature Wings Purple Eyes Radius Incompletus Wings Sable Body Stubble Bristles Scalloped Wings Sepia Eyes Singed Bristles Spineless Bristles Star Eyes Shaven Bristles Tan Body Vestigial Wings White Eyes Yellow Body 2 of 8
Period Date For each of your assigned fly traits, complete the following statements or answer the question. 1. Trait 1 a. The symbol and name of the trait is b. Draw your proposed Punnett square for the Parental cross generating the F1 offspring c. Is the trait X-linked or autosomal? d. Is the trait dominant or recessive? e. Is the trait lethal or nonlethal? f. Which cross provided the data supporting your hypothesis? X g. Draw the Punnett square for that cross. h. List the data generated by Virtual Fly for that cross. Phenotype Numbers Ratio TOTAL 3 of 8 2004-2005
2. Trait 2 a. The symbol and name of the trait is b. Draw your proposed Punnett square for the Parental cross generating the F1 offspring c. Is the trait X-linked or autosomal? d. Is the trait dominant or recessive? e. Is the trait lethal or nonlethal? f. Which cross provided the data supporting your hypothesis? X g. Draw the Punnett square for that cross. h. List the data generated by Virtual Fly for that cross. Phenotype Numbers Ratio TOTAL 4 of 8
3. Trait 3 a. The symbol and name of the trait is b. Draw your proposed Punnett square for the Parental cross generating the F1 offspring c. Is the trait X-linked or autosomal? d. Is the trait dominant or recessive? e. Is the trait lethal or nonlethal? f. Which cross provided the data supporting your hypothesis? X g. Draw the Punnett square for that cross. h. List the data generated by Virtual Fly for that cross. Phenotype Numbers Ratio TOTAL 5 of 8
4. Trait 4 a. The symbol and name of the trait is b. Draw your proposed Punnett square for the Parental cross generating the F1 offspring c. Is the trait X-linked or autosomal? d. Is the trait dominant or recessive? e. Is the trait lethal or nonlethal? f. Which cross provided the data supporting your hypothesis? X g. Draw the Punnett square for that cross. h. List the data generated by Virtual Fly for that cross. Phenotype Numbers Ratio TOTAL 6 of 8
5. Multiple Gene Interactions For each of the autosomal traits, design crosses that will determine how the traits work in combination. Through dihybrid crosses, you will be able to determine epistasis, independent assortment, gene linkage, recombinant frequency, and map units. Caveat: You cannot do this without first setting up a proposed Punnett square as your hypothesis and then testing your hypothesis by making that cross in Virtual Fly. You can only draw conclusions by comparing your hypothesized results (the expected Punnett square) to the observed results in Virtual Fly. You must present expected Punnett squares for all your crosses and compare them to observed data generated by Virtual Fly. Here is a suggested plan of action modeled the sample fly cross on p. 265 in 5 th edition of the Campbell textbook: Make a P generation cross that will create a dihybrid F2 generation. You must place both mutations on the female fly. (This is a constraint of both Virtual Fly software and actual fly genetics.) Then make a test cross with your F2 fly. Compare the observed data generated by Virtual Fly to the expected Punnett square data generated by you. 1. Which of the traits are linked? 2. How do you know they are linked? 3. Determine the crossing over frequency and complete the Summary Chart. 4. Determine the map units and complete the Summary Chart. 5. Which of the traits are independent? 6. How do you know they are independent? 7. List any traits which exhibit epistatic properties and list which traits they mask. 7 of 8
Period Date FLY LAB SUMMARY For each of your assigned fly traits, complete the following chart to summarize your findings on the genetic mechanisms that control their inheritance. Abbr Mutant Phenotype DOM/rec X-linked Lethal Epistatic For your investigation of multiple gene interactions, complete the following charts to summarize your findings. Abbr Mutant Phenotype Linkage X-over frequency M.U. 8 of 8 2004-2005