Grade 4 History-Social Science Unit 4: Growth and Development Since 1850 Lesson 1: How did the movement of people and ideas change in California?
communication
Communication is the way people send and receive information.
The distance between our state and the rest of the country made travel to California difficult. Communication was also hard. Oral Response Task List different types of communication.
technology
Technology is the use of scientific knowledge to solve problems.
Contact improved during the 1850s and 1860s due to technology, which is the use of scientific knowledge to solve problems. Oral Response Task Why do you think technology was developed?
telegraph
A telegraph is a machine that sends signals along wires using electricity.
A new technology called the telegraph replaced the Pony Express, which lasted only eighteen months. Oral Response Task Explain how a telegraph works.
engineer
An engineer is a person who designs structures such as roads, bridges, and machines.
The telegraph made communication with California faster and easier, but traveling here still took a long time. That would soon change thanks to a young engineer named Theodore Judah. Oral Response Task Evaluate the importance of an engineer.
investor
An investor is a person who gives money to a company with the hope of making money later.
To build his railroad, Judah needed investors, or people who give money to a company with the hope of making money later. Oral Response Task Formulate some risk and consequences of being an investor.
Grade 4 History-Social Science Unit 4: Growth and Development Since 1850 Lesson 2: How did the Gold Rush change California s economy?
import
To import is to bring something in from another country or area to sell.
People imported many of the goods they needed. Oral Response Task Restate the definition of import.
product
A product is something that is made, grown, or taken from nature and sold.
During the Gold Rush, miners needed products such as tools, tents, and sturdy clothes. Oral Response Task List examples of products that are made, that are grown, and that are taken from nature.
merchant
A merchant is a person who buys and sells goods.
These mining products were provided to the growing population by merchants. Oral Response Task What is the role of a merchant?
diversity
Diversity is many different types of people or things.
In the 1800s, California s population began to show a lot of diversity. Oral Response Task Evaluate: Do thing diversity is good or bad?
discrimination
Discrimination is treating someone differently from someone else in an unfair way.
Life was hard for many of these groups. Pay was low, and there was much discrimination. Oral Response Task Identify some examples of discrimination.
export
To export is to send something to another area or country to sell.
By that time, the transcontinental railroad allowed California farmers to export their crops to the Midwest and East. Oral Response Task Distinguish between export and import.
Grade 4 History-Social Science Unit 4: Growth and Development Since 1850 Lesson 3: How did different people coming to California affect our state?
squatter
A squatter is a person who settles on land he or she does not own.
Likewise, many Mexicans whose families had lived in California for generations lost their land to squatters. Oral Response Task Describe a squatter.
strike
A strike is when workers refuse to do their job until their demands are met.
In 1867 nearly 2,000 Chinese railroad workers went on strike, which means they refused to do their jobs until their demands were met. Oral Response Task Identify reasons why workers strike.
exclusion
Exclusion is the act of keeping something or someone out.
In 1882 the Chinese Exclusion Act discriminated against Chinese workers and stopped them from coming to the United States. Oral Response Task Use your knowledge of prefixes to name an antonym of exclusion.
Grade 4 History-Social Science Unit 4: Growth and Development Since 1850 Lesson 4: How did the immigration and settlement help California grow?
migrant worker
A migrant worker is person who regularly moves from place to place to do a job.
California has many large farms that use migrant workers, or people who regularly move from place to place to do a job. Oral Response Task List other industries in which migrant workers are needed.
Grade 4 History-Social Science Unit 4: Growth and Development Since 1850 Lesson 5: What was California s role in the twentieth century?
stock market
The stock market is the business of buying and selling shares of companies.
In 1929, the stock market failed. Oral Response Task List the risks and consequences of buying and selling in a stock market.
depression
A depression is a period when there is little business activity and many people do not have jobs.
The failure marked the beginning of the Great Depression. Oral Response Task Evaluate the effects of a depression.
drought
A drought is a long period of time without rain.
Many of these people came west as a result of a bad drought in parts of the Midwest and Southwest. Oral Response Task Propose ways to survive a drought.
inflation
Inflation occurs when prices rise.
To slow down inflation, the government rationed some goods, such as butter and gasoline. Oral Response Task Use your knowledge of prefixes to name an antonym of inflation.
ration
To ration is to allow people only a limited amount of something because there is not enough of it.
To slow down inflation, the government rationed some goods, such as butter and gasoline. Oral Response Task Identify reasons why food would be rationed.
Grade 4 History-Social Science Unit 4: Growth and Development Since 1850 Lesson 6: What new industries came to California in the twentieth century?
aerospace
Aerospace is the science of flight.
California became the leader in the aerospace industry. Oral Response Task List accomplishments of the aerospace industry.
aqueduct
Aqueduct is a pipe or other system that brings water from a distance.
Aqueducts are used to bring water to our farmland. Oral Response Task Design a way to move water without the use of aqueducts.
Grade 4 History-Social Science Unit 4: Growth and Development Since 1850 Lesson 7: How did California s water system develop?
reservoir
A reservoir is a place where water is collected and stored for use.
To get water to the south, California has built dams, aqueducts, and reservoirs. Oral Response Task Distinguish between a reservoir and an aqueduct.
delta
A delta is an area of land where a river separates into smaller rivers flowing into a body of water.
Some water comes from the delta of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. Oral Response Task Propose how deltas formed.
bay
A bay is a part of a sea or lake that cuts into a coastline.
These rivers empty into the San Francisco Bay. Oral Response Task Differentiate between a bay and a delta.
renewable resource
A renewable resource is a resource that can be replaced.
Hydroelectric power is a renewable resource. Oral Response Task List different types of renewable resources.
nonrenewable resource
A nonrenewable resource is a resource that comes from the Earth and cannot be replaced.
Hydroelectric plants help us save nonrenewable resources such as coal and oil. Oral Response Task Compare and contrast nonrenewable resources and renewable resources.
Grade 4 History-Social Science Unit 4: Growth and Development Since 1850 Lesson 8: How did California s education system develop?
public
Public means something is available for anyone to use.
When California became a state in 1850, the first public school opened in San Francisco. Oral Response Task Evaluate the importance of places being available for public use.
private
Private means something is not owned by the government.
Private schools may charge money in order for students to attend. Oral Response Task Differentiate between private means and public.
trade school
A trade school a place where people learn how to do a job.
Some of them go to a trade school to learn how to do a job. Oral Response Task List skills that are learned in a trade school.
college
A college a school where people study after high school.
Most of the state s community colleges are part of the California Community College system. Oral Response Task Appraise the importance of attending a college.
university
A university is the highest level of school from which you can earn a degree.
These are the California State University (CSU) system and the University of California (UC) system. Oral Response Task Distinguish between a university and a college.
degree
A degree is a rank or title given to someone who has completed a program of study at school.
A university is the highest level of school from which you can earn a degree. Oral Response Task Predict what a person would do with a degree.
Grade 4 History-Social Science Unit 4: Growth and Development Since 1850 Lesson 9: How have Californians made our state unique?
culture
Culture is the customs, arts, entertainment, and recreation of a group.
In the last century, many Californians helped shape American culture. Oral Response Task Describe your culture.
actors
An actor is a person who performs in plays, movies, or television shows.
The film actor John Wayne is famous for starring in movies from the 1920s through 1970s. Oral Response Task Describe an actor.