Czech Phycology, Olomouc, 6: 111-125, 2006 111 Phytoplankton of the Zámecký Pond Fytoplankton Zámeckého rybníka Radovan K o p p Department of Fishery and Hydrobiology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic (fcela@seznam.cz), Phone: +420 545 133 268 Abstract Current knowledge on the phytoplankton composition of the Zámecký Pond at Lednice (Moravia, Czech Republic) is presented. The pond has become a National Nature Reserve, and its use for fishery is highly limited by the purpose of nature conservation. The fish stock of the studied pond has the greatest influence on the structure and abundance of phytoplankton. Altogether 343 taxa of cyanophytes and algae were found during the whole hydrobiological monitoring. Introduction The Zámecký Pond (area of 30 ha) is situated in southern Moravia by the Czech-Austrian border close to the town of Lednice. The construction of the pond started already in 1805. Together with the surrounding landscape it became a part of a vast Lednice-Valtice area and forms a unique landscape unit which was in 1996 inscribed on the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage List in the category cultural landscape. The site is remarkable from the point of view of natural science as well, and, therefore, since 1953 the Zámecký Pond area has become a part of the National Natural Reserve Lednice Ponds established to protect birds and other fauna, flora and the landscape character. At present the pond has the status of the National Nature Reserve. The Lednice Ponds represent wetlands of international importance and were included it the Ramsar Treaty List in 1990. The first hydrobiological studies on the system of the Lednice Ponds started as early as 1902. Most of the papers published dealt with the largest ponds (Nesyt, Hlohovecký, Prostřední and Mlýnský), but only a few with the Zámecký Pond.
112 Kopp: Phytoplankton of the Zámecký Pond The first information on the flora of the Zámecký Pond was published by FISHER (1920), BÍLÝ (1929) and ZAPLETÁLEK (1932 a,b). More detailed research of the cyanophytes and algae of the Zámecký Pond has been carried out in the last ten years (HETEŠA et al. 1997, SUKOP & KOPP 2001, 2002, 2003, BYSTRIANSKÁ 2003, RAMENZAPOOR 2004). Beside basic environmental variables, the phytoplankton composition of the Zámecký Pond is highly influenced by the intensity of fishery and by the inflow from the Dyje River. BAYER & BAJKOV (1929) already characterized the Zámecký Pond as eutrophic; nevertheless, fish breeding was carried out extensively at that time. Between the two World Wars the fish breeding became more intensive and was accompanied by liming, fertilizing by organic fertilizers and fish feeding. Since 1945 the intensification of fish breeding increased, the fish stock grew, and mineral fertilizers were used (superphosphate, and nitrogenous fertilizers). Fish stock increased later again due to introduction of herbivorous fish (Ctenopharyngodon idella, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and Aristichthys nobilis), and their feeding. The intensification of fishery gradually led to a lower transparency of water and an increased phytoplankton biomass, similarly to other fishponds in the Czech Republic (Poulíčková et al. 1998). To restore the species diversity of aquatic organisms, a fishery study of the Lednice Ponds was formulated. It included the decrease in the fish stock, limited introduction of herbivorous fish and implementation of partial drying of ponds in summer. Steps for a gradual decrease in water trophy and the support of aquatic vegetation growth were included, too (LÁZNIČKOVÁ 1993). Since 1994 the fishery at the Zámecký Pond has undergone significant changes resulting in a total exclusion of fish stocking in 2004. In 2005 a new maintenance plan for the Lednice Ponds was approved. Priorities of the nature conservation are 1) optimal development of communities dependent on an aquatic environment, including littoral and bank biocoenoses, 2) protection of the present species diversity, particularly endangered animal and plant species and 3) to provide conditions for the return of rare and endangered species which have disappeared recently (FORMÁNEK et al. 2005). Material and methods The methods used by FISHER (1920), BÍLÝ (1929) a ZAPLETÁLEK (1932 a,b) for phytoplankton sampling and treating are not known. Phytoplankton samples of other authors were taken into 100-ml plastic bottles from the depth of approximately 20 cm below the surface. The samples were fixed with Lugol solution and condensed in ultra-filtering
Czech Phycology, Olomouc, 6: 111-125, 2006 113 equipment. Bürker counting chamber was used for phytoplankton abundance evaluation. Colonial cyanobacteria (Microcystis) were counted after disintegration of colonies. Basic environmental variables were measured with mobile instruments: WTW (Germany) for oxygen, ph and temperature; Conmet 1 (Hanna Instruments, USA) for conductivity. Water transparency was measured with a Secchi disc. Analyses of chlorophyll a were made according to ČSN ISO 10260. Other chemical variables were analysed by standard methods (HORÁKOVÁ et al. 1986). Results and discussion The selected environmental variables of the Zámecký Pond presented in Table 1 and 2 support the observation that its water is eutrophic. Transparency of water over most of the vegetation period is low (20-40 cm), it was particularly low during cyanobacterial dominance in 2002. The high photosynthetic activity of cyanophytes and algae results in the increase of ph values and fluctuation of oxygen regime with oversaturation in the afternoon hours and low concentration of dissolved oxygen in the morning before sunrise. Phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations are sufficient for an excessive development of cyanophytes and algae. In addition, the pond is highly supplied with allochtonous organic matter (inflow and leaves). Table 1: Average, minimum and maximum values of selected environmental variables in the Zámecký Pond during the vegetation seasons (March-October) of the years 1996-2004 (number of measurements for 1996-1998: n = 8; for 2001: n = 12, for 2002: n = 16, for 2003: n = 32, for 2004: n = 16) Year Transparency[cm] ph Oxygen [%] Conductivity [µs.cm -1 ] AVG/MIN-MAX AVG/MIN-MAX AVG/MIN- MAX AVG/MIN-MAX 1996 8.22/7.0-8.9 110/65-169 523/475-563 1997 9.08/7.6-9.3 125/43-174 490/457-553 1998 8.33/7.9-8.7 113/58-159 592/513-694 2001 41/25-90 8.59/7.9-9.2 107/58-201 537/473-585 2002 45/0-150 8.68/7.6-10.3 119/41-335 523/429-647 2003 49/20-80 8.71/8.1-9.6 81/37-180 535/469-590 2004 148/110-150 8.65/7.8-10.2 79/40-173 579/539-623
114 Kopp: Phytoplankton of the Zámecký Pond Table 2: Selected chemical variables of the Zámecký Pond during the vegetation seasons (March-October) of the years 1999-2004. (average values are presented, n = 12; ANC = alkalinity, TP total phosphorus) Year ANC N-NH 4 N-NO 3 N-NO 2 TP P-PO 4 COD Mn COD Cr mmol.l -1 mg.l -1 mg.l -1 mg.l -1 mg.l -1 mg.l -1 mg.l -1 mg.l -1 1999 3.35 1.32 3.15 0.005 0.180 14.24 2000 2.80 2.22 3.00 0.003 0.100 23.52 2001 2.20 3.21 1.31 0.046 0.048 104 2002 3.36 0.31 0.69 0.068 0.274 12.25 48 2003 1.39 0.62 0.63 0.016 0.062 9.52 58 2004 2.65 0.61 0.63 0.032 0.233 13.65 24 The fish stock of the studied pond has a significant influence on the qualitative composition and abundance of phytoplankton. An intense fish breeding (of carp and herbivorous fish in particular) carried out at the pond since the half of the last century, and their feeding with corn, both led to a high abundance of cyanophytes and algae. Great pressure of fish on the food of the bottom resulted in the release of biogenic compounds from the bottom, and the whirling of sediments highly decreased the water transparency as well. In the years 1994-1997, when the fishery was already regulated according to the maintenance plan for the Lednice Ponds, the abundance of phytoplankton was still high and the total number of species found in that period was 213 (KOPP unpublished). Since 1998 up to the present the number of stocked fish have decreased and this was accompanied by increasing of coarse fish from the Dyje River (Table 3). During the warmest months of 2000-2003, a significant growth of planktonic cyanophytes forming water bloom was observed. Density of water bloom often exceeded 1 million cells of bluegreen algae per 1 ml of water. This situation was probably caused by several factors, including a higher input of blue-green algae from the Dyje River and the Novomlýnské Reservoirs, and changes in the zooplankton structure influenced by changes in the fish species composition. The phytoplankton species richness decreased. Eighty-six taxa were found in 2001 (SUKOP & KOPP 2001), 98 taxa (SUKOP & KOPP 2002) and 136 taxa (RAMENZAPOOR 2004) in 2002, 61 taxa (RAMENZAPOOR 2004) and 154 taxa (BYSTRIANSKÁ 2003) in 2003. Between 2001 and 2003 Heteša found 164 taxa at the Zámecký Pond (unpublished).
Czech Phycology, Olomouc, 6: 111-125, 2006 115 Table 3: The amount of fish (kg) harvested from the Zámecký Pond in the years 1996-2004 (coarse fish: Carassius auratus, Rutilus rutilus, Abramis brama, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Rhodeus sericeus, Blicca bjoerkna; carnivorous fish: Esox lucius, Silurus glanis, Sander lucioperca). Year Carp Coarse fish Carnivorous fish kg kg kg 1996 134 200 29 500 3 800 1997 173 700 6 500 13 500 1998 207 500 7 000 3 300 1999 164 200 15 500 5 700 2000 142 800 18 800 6 300 2001 101 000 33 000 8 200 2002 98 000 28 000 6 800 2003 60 000 90 000 11 200 2004 0 0 0 In 2004 the complete cessation of fish stocking led to an even greater decrease in phytoplankton abundance and richness (56 species; unpublished). Poor stock of coarse fish was not able to reduce zooplankton sufficiently. The development of filamentous algae and aquatic macrophytes depleted biogenic compounds necessary for more intense development of cyanophytes and algae. The most common genera of green algae observed recently correspond to previous records of ZAPLETÁLEK (1932 a,b), and FISHER (1920). The complete list of species is presented in Table 5. ZAPLETÁLEK (1932a) observed a dense bloom of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Microcystis aeruginosa; the same species have been recorded at the pond recently as well. A more detailed monitoring of phytoplankton development in the Zámecký Pond in the years 2001-2003 exhibited a similar seasonal dynamics. At the beginning of the vegetation season in spring months cyanophytes were represented by genera Merismopedia, Aphanocapsa and Pseudanabaena. In the above mentioned years the abundance of diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) was also high, in particular the genera Nitzschia, Navicula and Stephanodiscus. Genera Monoraphidium and Scenedesmus were the most frequent representatives of green algae (Chlorophyta) in March and April. Representatives of Cryptophyta were found as well, in particular genera Chroomonas and Cryptomonas. Throughout May phytoplankton was dominated by green algae: Actinastrum, Dictyosphaerium, Didymocystis, Monoraphidium, Scenedesmus, Pediastrum and Phacotus. In summer, the composition of phytoplankton was strongly influenced by the inflow of water from the River Dyje. This water brought a rich inoculum of cyanophytes from the Novomlýnské Reservoirs: Microcystis, Anabaena and Aphanizomenon.
116 Kopp: Phytoplankton of the Zámecký Pond Second peak of diatoms was observed in October: Aulacoseira, Cyclotella, Nitzschia, and Stephanodiscus; and the representatives of Euglenophyta (Euglena a Trachelomonas) became more frequent. Phytoplankton abundance is given in Table 4. Table 4: The abundance of cyanophytes (with aerotopes only) and the rest of algae, and chlorophyll a values in the Zámecký Pond during vegetation period (April-October) of the years 2001-2004 (average, minimum and maximum values; number of measurements for 2001: n = 12, for 2002: n = 16, for 2003: n = 32, for 2004: n = 16) Abundance [10 3 cells. ml -1 ] Abundance [10 3 cells. ml -1 ] Year Cyanophytes Other phytoplankton Chlorophyll a [µg.l-1] AVG/MIN-MAX AVG/MIN-MAX AVG/MIN-MAX 2001 20.4/0-114.6 391.2/23.5-1033.1 2002 257.1/0-970.0 376.6/4.3-1575.0 129.91/45.4-324.7 2003 68.9/0-270.0 78.9/4.4-290.4 240.05/18.0-2388.7 2004 1.2/0-6.3 3.4/0.6-7.7 5.52/2.1-15.1 In 2004 an important change in phytoplankton composition was observed when the pond was not stocked with fish and, therefore, the fish stock composed only of a coarse fish from the inflowing River Dyje. Significant declines in phytoplankton abundance and chlorophyll a values were observed (Table 4). The transparency of water was high all year round; a more significant development of zooplankton was observed in comparison to previous years as well (unpublished). Low fish stock allowed the growth of submerged aquatic macrophytes (Ceratophyllum demersum and Potamogeton crispus), filamentous algae (Oedogonium, Spirogyra, Cladophora and Entheromorpha) which were later replaced by the floating aquatic plants (Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrhiza). During August and September the Lemnion community covered a great part of the pond (ca 1/3-1/2 of the area) and negatively influenced the chemical and light regime in the water column and subsequently also phytoplankton structure. Diatoms, green algae and cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa occurred in low abundances (Table 4).
Czech Phycology, Olomouc, 6: 111-125, 2006 117 Table 5: The list of species of the Zámecký Pond (species occurrence is listed chronologically according to individual authors, asterisk represents the presence of the taxon). Nomenclature according to Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa Gustav Fischer Verlag. 1- FISHER 1920, 2- BÍLÝ 1929, 3- ZAPLETÁLEK 1932a, 4- ZAPLETÁLEK 1932b, 5- KOPP (nepublikovaná data 1994-1997), 6- HETEŠA et al. 1997, 7- SUKOP & KOPP 2001, 8- SUKOP & KOPP 2002, 9- HETEŠA (unpublished data 2001-2003), 10- BYSTRIANSKÁ 2003, 11- MARVAN et al. 2003, 12- RAMENZAPOOR et al. 2004, 13- KOPP (unpublished data 2004) TAXON 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 CYANOBACTERIA Anabaena compacta (NYGAARD) HICKEL Anabaena flos-aquae BRÉB. ex BORN. et FLAH. Anabaena planctonica BRUNNTH. Anabaena spiroides KLEB. Anabaena sp. Anabaena viguieri cf. DENIS ET FRÉMY Anabaenopsis elenkinii MILL. Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (L.) RALFS et BORN. et FLAH. Aphanizomenon gracile (LEMM.) LEMM. Aphanizomenon issatschenkoi (USAČ.) PROŠK.-LAVR. Aphanizomenon klebahnii ELENK. Aphanizomenon sp. Aphanocapsa incerta (LEMM.) CRONG. et KOM. Chroococcus dispersus (KEISSL.) LEMM. Chroococcus limneticus LEMM. Chroococcus minutus (KÜTZ.) NÄG. Coelosphaerium kuetzingianum NÄG. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii cf. (WOLOSZ.) SEENAYYA et S. RAJU Geitlerinema splendidum (GREU. ex GOM.) ANAGN. Gomphosphaeria pusilla VAN GOOR Jaaginema sp. Limnothrix redekei (VAN GOOR) MEFERT. Merismopedia punctata MEYEN Merismopedia sp. Merismopedia tenuissima LEMM. Microcystis aeruginosa (KÜTZ.) KÜTZ. Microcystis flos-aquae (WITTR.) KIRCHN. Microcystis ichthyoblabe KÜTZ. Microcystis pulverea (WOOD) FORTI Microcystis sp. Microcystis viridis (A. BRAUN in RABENH.) LEMM. Microcystis wesenbergii (KOM.) KOM. in KONDR. Nostoc commune VAUCH. ex BORN. et FLAH. Oscillatoria limosa AG. ex GOM. Oscillatoria sp. Phormidium sp. Phormidium tenue (MENEG) GOM. Phormidium viscosum LEMM.
118 Kopp: Phytoplankton of the Zámecký Pond Planktolyngbya sp. Planktothrix agardhii (GOM.) ANAGN. et KOM. Pseudanabaena catenata LAUTERB. Pseudanabaena limnetica (LEMM.) KOM. Pseudanabaena mucicola (NAUM.et HUB.-PEST.) SCHWABE Raphidiopsis mediterranea SKUJA Romeria elegans WOLOSZ. Spirulina maior KÜTZ. ex GOM. Synechococcus elongatus (WOLOSZ.) KOM. Synechocystis aquatilis cf. SAUVAGEAU Woronichinia naegeliana (UNG.) ELENK. DINOPHYTA Amphidinium sp. Gymnodinium sp. Perinidium aciculiferum LEMM. Peridinium sp. CRYPTOPHYTA Chroomonas caudata GEITL. Chroomonas nordstedtii HANSG. Chroomonas sp. Cryptomonas curvata EHRENB. Cryptomonas erosa EHRENB. Cryptomonas marssonii SKUJA Cryptomonas ovata EHRENB. Cryptomonas reflexa SKUJA Cryptomonas sp. Rhodomonas lacustris PASCH. et RUTTN. Rhodomonas pusilla (BACHM.) JAVORN. Rhodomonas minuta SKUJA CHROMOPHYTA - Chrysophyceae Chromulina sp. Chrysococcus biporus SKUJA Chrysococcus punctiformis PASCH. Chrysococcus rufescens KLEBS Chrysococcus sp. Chrysococcus triporus MACK Codomonas pascheri VAN GOOR Dinobryon sp. Kephyrion moniliferum (SCHID.) BOURR. Kephyrion tubiforme FOTT Pseudokephyrion entzii CONRAD Pseudokephyrion obtusum SCHMID. Pseudokephyrion sp. CHROMOPHYTA - Bacillariophyceae Achnanthes hungarica (GRUN.) ROUND ET BASSON Achnanthes lanceolata (BRÉB.) GRUN Actinocyclus normanii v. subs. (GREG.) HUST Amphora ovalis (KÜTZ.) KÜTZ. Amphora sp. Amphora veneta KÜTZ.
Czech Phycology, Olomouc, 6: 111-125, 2006 119 Anomoeoneis sphaerophora (EHRENB.) PFITZ. Asterionella formosa MASS. Aulacoseira ambigua (GRUN.) SIMONS Aulacoseira granulata (EHRENB.) SIMONS Aulacoseira granulata v. angustissima (O. MŰLL.) SIMONS Aulacoseira italica cf. (EHRENB.) SIMONS. Aulacoseira sp. Caloneis amphisbaena (BORY) CLEVE Caloneis silicula (EHRENB.) CLEVE Caloneis sp. Campylodiscus clypeus EHRENB. Cocconeis placentula EHRENB. Cocconeis sp. Cyclostephanos dubius (FRICKE) ROUND Cyclotella meneghiniana KÜTZ. Cyclotella sp. Cymatopleura librilis (EHRENB.) PANT. Cymbella lanceolata (EHRENB.) KIRCHN. Cymbella sp. Diatoma elongatum (LYNGBYE) AG. Diatoma tenuis AG. s.l. Diatoma vulgaris BORY Epithemia sorex KŰTZ. Epithemia zebra (EHRENB.) KŰTZ. Fragilaria capucina DESM. Fragilaria crotonensis KITT. Fragilaria sp. Gomphonema sp. Gomhonema truncatum EHRENB. Gyrosigma acuminatum(kűtz.) RABENH. Gyrosigma scalproides (RABENH.) CLEVE Gyrosigma sp. Hantzschia sp. Melosira varians AG. Navicula accomoda HUST. Navicula capitata (EHRENB.) LANGE-BERT.et al Navicula citrus KRASSKE Navicula cryptocephalsa LANGE-BERT. Navicula cuspidata (KŰTZ.) KŰTZ. Navicula gregaria DONKIN Navicula menisculus SCHUM. Navicula reinhardtii GRUN. Navicula rhynchocephala KÜTZ Navicula sp. Navicula tripunctata (O.F.MÜLL.) BORY Navicula viridula (KÜTZ.) EHRENB. Nitzschia acicularis (KŰTZ.) W. SMITH Nitzschia closterium cf. (EHRENB.) W. SMITH Nitzschia fonticola GRUN. Nitzschia gracilis cf. HANTZSCH Nitzschia heufleriana GRUN. Nitzschia hungarica GRUN. Nitzschia linearis (AG.) W.SMITH
120 Kopp: Phytoplankton of the Zámecký Pond Nitzschia palea (KŰTZ.) W. SMITH Nitzschia recta HANTZSCH Nitzschia reversa cf. W. SMITH Nitzschia sigmoidea (EHRENB.) W. SMITH Nitzschia sp. Nitzschia tryblionella HANTZSCH Pinnularia gibba EHRENB. Pinnularia sp. Rhoicosphenia curvata (KÜTZ.) RABENH. Rhopalodia gibba (EHRENB.) O. MŰLL. Skeletonema potamos (WEBER) HASLE Stauroneis sp. Stephanodiscus hantzschii GRUN. Stephanodiscus invisitatus HOHN et HELLERM. Stephanodiscus sp. Surirella bifrons (EHRENB.) EHRENB. Surirella minuta BRÉB. ex KÜTZ. Surirella ovata KÜTZ. Surirella sp. Synedra acus KÜTZ. Synedra sp. Synedra ulna (NITZSCH) EHRENB. Tabellaria sp. CHROMOPHYTA - Tribophyceae Goniochloris fallax FOTT Goniochloris mutica (A. BR.) FOTT Goniochloris sculpta GEITL. Goniochloris smithii (BOURR.) FOTT Goniochloris spinosa PASCH. Istmochloron lobulatum (NÄG.) SKUJA Ophiocytium capitatum WOLLE Tribonema aequale PASCH. Tribonema sp. Tribonema viride PASCH. Tribonema vulgare PASCH. EUGLENOPHYTA Euglena acus EHRENB. Euglena pisciformis KLEBS Euglena spirogyra DANG. Euglena sp. Euglena tripteris (DUJARD.) KLEBS Euglena viridis cf. PERTY Lepocinclis sp. Lepocinclis texta (DUJARD.) LEMM Monomorphina pyrum (EHRENB.) MEREŠK Phacus curvicauda SWIR. Phacus longicauda (EHRENB.) DUJARDIN Phacus pleuronectes (O. F. MÜLLER) DUJARDIN Phacus sp. Phacus tortus (LEMM.) SKVORC. Strombomonas fluviatilis (LEMM.) DEFL. Strombomonas sp. Strombomonas verrucosa (DADAY) DEFL.
Czech Phycology, Olomouc, 6: 111-125, 2006 121 Trachelomonas lefevrei DEFL. Trachelomonas ornata cf. (SWIR.) SKVORTZ. Trachelomonas sp. Trachelomonas volvocina EHRENB. Trachelomonas volvocinopsis SWIR. CHLOROPHYTA - Chlamydophyceae Chlamydomonas pertusa CHOD. Chlamydomonas sp. Chlorogonium fusiforme MATV. Coccomonas eliptica cf. CONRAD Coccomonas sp. Eudorina elegans EHRENB. Gloeococcus schroeteri (CHOD.) LEMM. Gonium sociale (DUJARD.) WARM. Pandorina morum (O. F. MÜLLER) BORY Phacotus lenticularis EHRENB. Pteromonas aculeata LEMM. Pteromonas angulosa LEMM. Pteromonas cordiformis LEMM. Pteromonas golenkiniana PASCH. Pteromonas sp. Volvox aureus EHRENB. CHLOROPHYTA - Chlorophyceae Actinastrum aciculare (HUB.-PEST.) COMP. Actinastrum hantzschii LAGERH. Ankistrodesmus fusiformis cf. CORDA Ankistrodesmus gracilis (REINSCH) KORŠ. Ankyra ancora (G.M.SMITH) FOTT Ankyra juday (G. M. SMITH) FOTT Ankyra lanceolata (KORŠ.) FOTT Botryococcus braunii KÜTZ. Catenococcus minutus KOM. Chlorella sp. Closteriopsis longissima var. longissima (LEMM.) LEMM. Coelastrum astroideum DE-NOTARIS Coelastrum microporum NÄG. Coelastrum pseudomicroporum KORŠ. Coenococcus planctonicus KORŠ. Crucigenia fenestrata SCHMIDLE Crucigenia quadrata MORREN Crucigenia tetrapedia (KIRCHN.) W. et G. S. WEST Crucigeniella apiculata (LEMM.) KOM. Crucigeniella neglecta (FOTT et ETTL) KOM. Crucigeniella pulchra (W. et G. S. WEST) KOM. Crucigeniella rectangularis (NÄG.) KOM. Dictyosphaerium ehrenbergianum NÄG. Dictyosphaerium pulchellum WOOD Dictyosphaerium sp. Dictyosphaerium simplex KORŠ. Dictyosphaerium subsolitarium VAN GOOR Didymocystis inconspicua KORŠ. Didymocystis planctonica KORŠ.
122 Kopp: Phytoplankton of the Zámecký Pond Didymogenes anomala (G. M. SMITH) HIND. Elakatothrix genevensis (REVERD.) HIND. Elakatothrix sp. Golenkinia radiata CHOD. Golenkinia sp. Granulocystis helenae cf. HIND. Granulocystopsis coronota var. coronata (LEMM.) HIND. Hyaloraphidium contortum PASCH.et KORSH. Kirchneriella contorta (SCHMIDLE) BOHL. Kirchneriella dianae (BOHL.) COMAS Kirchneriella irregularis (G. M. SMITH) KORŠ. Kirchnerilla lunaris (KIRCHN.) MOEB Kirchneriella obesa (WEST) SCHMIDLE Kirchneriella sp. Koliella longiseta (WISLOUCH) HIND. Koliella sp. Koliella spiculiformis (WISLOUCH) HIND. Korschikoviella limnetica (LEMM.) SILVA Lagerheimia balatonica (SCHERFF. in KOL.) HIND. Lagerheimia ciliata (LAGERH.) CHOD. Lagerheimia genevensis CHOD. Lagerheimia longiseta (LEMM.) PRINTZ Lagerheimia wratislaviensis SCHROD. Micractinium pusillum FRES. Monoraphidium arcuatum (KORŠ.) HIND. Monoraphidium circinale (NYG.) NYG. Monoraphidium contortum (THUR.) KOM.-LEGN. Monoraphidium griffithii (BERKELEY) KOM.-LEGN. Monoraphidium komarkovae NYG. Monoraphidium minutum (NÄG.) KOM.-LEGN. Monoraphidium nanum (ETTL) HIND. Monoraphidium pusillum (PRINTZ) KOM.-LEGN. Monoraphidium tortile (W. et G. S. WEST) KOM.-LEGN. Neodesmus danubialis HIND. Nephrochlamys rotunda KORŠ. Nephrochlamys willeana (PRINTZ) KORSCH Oocystis lacustris CHOD. Oocystis marssonii LEMM. Oocystis parva W. et G. S. WEST Oocystis solitaria WITTR. Oocystis sp. Pediastrum boryanum (TURP.) MENEGH. Pediastrum duplex MEYEN Pediastrum simplex MEYEN Pediastrum simplex var. sturmii (REINSCH) WOLLE Pediastrum tetras (EHRENB.) RALFS Planctonema lauterbornii SCHMIDLE Planktosphaeria gelatinosa cf. G. M. SMITH Scenedesmus aculeolatus REINSCH Scenedesmus acuminatus (LAGERH.) CHOD. Scenedesmus acutus (MEYEN) Scenedesmus bicaudatus (HANSG.) CHOD. Scenedesmus denticulatus LAGERH. Scenedesmus dimorphus (TURP.) KÜTZ.
Czech Phycology, Olomouc, 6: 111-125, 2006 123 Scenedesmus disciformis (CHOD.) FOTT et KOM. Scenedesmus linearis KOM. Scenedesmus nanus CHOD. Scenedesmus obliquus (TURP.) KÜTZ. Scenedesmus opoliensis RICHTER Scenedesmus ovalternus CHOD. Scenedesmus pannonicus HORTOB. Scenedesmus quadricauda (TURP.) BRÉB. Scenedesmus sempervirens CHOD. Scenedesmus smithii TEIL. Scenedesmus sp. Scenedesmus subspicatus CHOD. Schroederia robusta KORŠ. Schroederia setigera (SCHRÖD.) LEMM. Schroederia spiralis (PRINTZ) KORŠ. Selenastrum capricornutum PRINTZ Stichococcus contortus (CHOD.) HIND. Stichococcus sp. Tetrachlorella alternans (G. M. SMITH) KORŠ. Tetraedron arthrodesmiforme (W. WEST) WOLOSZ. Tetraedron caudatum (CORDA) HANSG. Tetraedron incus (TEIL.) G. M. SMITH Tetraedron limneticum BORGE Tetraedron minimum (A. BR.) HANSG Tetraedron platyisthmum (ARCH.) G. S. WEST Tetraedron quadratum (REINSCH) HANSG. Tetraedron trigonum (NÄG.) HANSG. Tetranephris europaea (HIND.) KOM. Tetrastrum elegans PLAYF. Tetrastrum glabrum (ROLL) AHLSTR. Tetrastrum punctatum (SCHMIDLE.) AHLSTR. Tetrastrum staurogeniaforme (SCHROD.) LEMM. Tetrastrum triangulare (CHOD.) KOM. Treubaria schmidlei SCHRÖD. Treubaria setigera (RACH.) G. M. SMITH Westella botryoides (W. WEST) DE WILD CHLOROPHYTA - Zygnematophyceae Closterium acutum BRÉB. Closterium limneticum LEMM. Closterium sp. Cosmarium granatum BRÉB. Cosmarium portianum ARCH. Cosmarium protractum (NÄG.) DE BY Cosmarium punctulatum BRÉB. Cosmarium reniforme (RALFS) ARCH. Cosmarium turpinii var. podolicum GUTW. Cosmarium sp. Euastrum sp. Mougeotia genuflexa (DILLW.) AG. Spirogyra sp. Staurastrum pingue TEILING Staurastrum sp.
124 Kopp: Phytoplankton of the Zámecký Pond Conclusion During approximately the last 10 years, the composition of the phytoplankton communities of the Zámecký Pond at Lednice has been observed in greater detail due to the increased interest from the point of the nature conservation. It will be interesting to observe the development of cyanophyte and algae communities in the following years as well, in particular in relation to the amount of stocked fish. So far, the development of the community in the year 2005 resembles that of the previous year, but the transparency of water decreased, and the abundance of phytoplankton is already higher than in 2004. In spring 2005 endangered halophil green alga Enteromorpha, recorded from this region, occurred in the pond in higher abundance. The new maintenance plan for the years 2006-2013 includes limited fishery and possible stocking with herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) to eliminate the excessively multiplied aquatic macrophytes, particularly Lemna species. Acknowledgements The author would like to express his gratitude to Prom. biol. Jiří Heteša, CSc. for his valuable advise, suggestions and help with the determination of problematic species of phytoplankton. The research was supported by the grant MSM 432100001. References BAYER, E. & BAJKOV, A. (1929): Hydrobiologická studia rybníků lednických. I. Výzkum heleoplanktonu a jeho poměrů quantitativních.- Sbor. VŠZ Brno,(D) 14: 1-165. BÍLÝ, J. (1929): Třetí příspěvek ku poznání květeny moravských rozsivek.- Sborník klubu přírodovědců, Brno 12: 1-32. BYSTRIANSKÁ, L. (2003): Roční dynamika fytoplanktonního společenstva Zámeckého rybníka v Lednici na Moravě. Diplomová práce MZLU Brno, 62 s. FISHER, R. (1920): Die Algen Mährens und ihre Verbreitung.- Verh. D. Nat. Vereins in Brünn 57: 1-94. FORMÁNEK, R. & HOLÁNOVÁ, S. & PROCHÁZKOVÁ, V. & SLAVÍK, P. & ZAJÍČEK, R. (2005): Plán péče pro národní přírodní památku Lednické rybníky na období 2006 2013. Lednické rybníky, Brno. HETEŠA, J. & SUKOP, I. & KOPP, R. & MARVAN, P. & KERŠNER, V. & SKÁCELOVÁ, O. (1997): The evaluation of historical development, present situation and carrying management of foodplain habitats within the Dyje river alluvium in the Palava region.- Záv. zpr. projektu GEF, Biodiversita, 1-157.
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