Reconstruction

Reconstruction 1865-1870

TOC Chapter 9 Name: Class: Page # Title Date 1 Chapter 9 Terms 2 Share cropper vs. Tenant Farming (pg.307 in your book) 3 Freedman's Bureau (pgs.299 & 300 in your book) 4 Reconstruction Plans Organizer (pgs.300,301,303, & 304 in your book) 5 KKK, Henry McNeal Turner, & Black Legislators (pg. 305 in your book) 6 Bourbon Triumvirate Notes & T-Chart (Pg. 312-314 in your book ) 7 Henry Grady & The New South (Pg. 317-329 in your book) 8 International Cotton Exposition (Pg. 317-329 in your book) 9 The Felton's (Pg. 317-329 in your book) 10 Study Guide

SS8H6 The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia. c. Analyze the impact of Reconstruction on Georgia and other southern states emphasizing Freedmen s Bureau, sharecropping and tenant farming, Reconstruction plans, 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the Constitution, Henry McNeal Turner and black legislators, and the Ku Klux Klan.

Reading comprehension Quiz Get a book, your tech, or an ipod. The textbook is in ibooks on the school ipods (no internet required) Chapter 9 section 2 page 302 Mr. Casey s website: bit.ly/dcasey click on the textbook link Textbook password: shsgahist This is a timed quiz! You only have 24 minutes!

Warm Up 1-11-16 1. Which Amendment ended slavery? 2. Which Amendment gave all men the right to vote?

Chapter 9 Terms Pg.1 1.Freedmen 2.Freedmen s Bureau 3.Reconstruction 4.Disfranchise 5.13th Amendment 6.Black Codes 7.14th Amendment 8. Ku Klux Klan 9. Georgia Act 10. 15th Amendment 11.Sharecropping 12.Tenant Farming 13.Convict lease system 14.Farmer s Alliance 15.Populists Party 16.White Supremacy 17.Temperance 18.Co-op

Sharecropper Both Tenant Farmer Pg.2

Sharecropper Both Tenant Farmer Pg.2 Owned nothing, had to rent land and tools and buy all other supplies on credit both deal with farming. Both involved renting land Both paid rent and debts when the crop was harvested Owned all the equipment needed for farming and provided their own seeds and fertilizer

Freedmen s Bureau Pg.3 originally designed to help freed slaves and poor whites in the south after the Civil War Later mainly focused on the freed slaves Provided food, shelter, clothing, and education America s first welfare program

SS8H6The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia. c. Analyze the impact of Reconstruction on Georgia and other southern states emphasizing Freedmen s Bureau, sharecropping and tenant farming, Reconstruction plans, 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the Constitution, Henry McNeal Turner and black legislators, and the Ku Klux Klan.

Reconstruction plans Pg.4 Lincoln's plan Johnson's plan Congressional plan.

Lincoln s Reconstruction Plan All Southerners, except for high ranking civil and military leaders would be pardon after taking an oath to the USA. When 10% of the voters in each state had taken the oath of loyalty, the state would be permitted to form a legal government and rejoin the Union.

Reconstruction plans Pg.4 Lincoln s Plan Johnson s Plan Congressional Plan 1. All Southerners, except for high ranking civil and military leaders would be pardon after taking an oath to the USA. 2. When 10% of the voters in each state had taken the oath of loyalty, the state would be permitted to form a legal government and rejoin the Union.

Johnson s Reconstruction Plan Same as Lincoln s plus: Expanded group of Southerners who had to seek a pardon from the president to those who owned more than $20,000.00 in property. Southern States had to approve the 13th amendment. Nullify their ordinance of secession. Southern States had to promise not to pay individuals and institutions that helped finance the Confederacy.

Reconstruction plans Pg.4 Lincoln s Plan Johnson s Plan Congressional Plan 1. All Southerners, except for high ranking civil and military leaders would be pardon after taking an oath to the USA. 2. When 10% of the voters in each state had taken the oath of loyalty, the state would be permitted to form a legal government and rejoin the Union. 1. Same as Lincoln s; added 2. Expanded group of Southerners given pardons. 3. Southern States had to approve the 13 th amendment 4. Nullify their ordinance of secession. 5. Southern States had to promise not to pay individuals and institutions that helped finance the Confederacy. 6. Owners of property over $20,000 or those who held a high civil or military position had to apply directly to the president for a pardon.

Congressional Reconstruction Plan Passed 14th Amendment to oppose black codes. Southern States must ratify the 14th Amendment. State governments could not establish a state military and each state was assigned a Federal military commander. Each State s constitution had to include the rights of African Americans to vote. Each state was required to have their citizens ratify their new constitution and the 14th Amendment.

Reconstruction plans Pg.4 Lincoln s Reconstruction Plan 1. All Southerners, except for high ranking civil and military leaders would be pardon after taking an oath to the USA. 2. When 10% of the voters in each state had taken the oath of loyalty, the state would be permitted to form a legal government and rejoin the Union. Johnson s Reconstruction Plan 1. Same as Lincoln s; added 2. Expanded group of Southerners given pardons. 3. Southern States had to approve the 13 th amendment 4. Nullify their ordinance of secession. 5. Southern States had to promise not to pay individuals and institutions that helped finance the Confederacy. 6. Owners of property over $20,000 or those who held a high civil or military position had to apply directly to the president for a pardon. Congressional Reconstruction Plan 1. Passed 14 th Amend. To oppose black codes. 2. Southern States must ratify the 14 th Amend. 3. State governments could not establish a state military and each state was assigned a Federal military commander. 4. Each States constitution had to include the rights of African Americans to vote 5. Each state was required to have their citizens ratify their new constitution and the 14 th Amend.

SS8H6The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia. c. Analyze the impact of Reconstruction on Georgia and other southern states emphasizing Freedmen s Bureau, sharecropping and tenant farming, Reconstruction plans, 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the Constitution, Henry McNeal Turner and black legislators, and the Ku Klux Klan.

KKK, Henry McNeal Turner, & Black Legislators Pg.5 The Ku Klux Klan began as a fraternity for ex-soldiers, but quickly became a terrorist group. The KKK used the threat of violence, violence, intimidation, etc... to prevent Freedmen from exercising their civil rights and from participating in government and sometimes from access to economic and educational opportunities. KKK violence caused Georgia to be placed under military rule in 1869 (Georgia Act) Force Acts of 1870 and 1871 Allowed the army to arrest Klan members and hold them without a trial.

KKK, Henry McNeal Turner, & Black Legislators Henry McNeal Turner, a minister from Macon, became the first African American chaplain in the U.S. Army. Pg.5 Cont. Turner served as a delegate to the 1867 constitutional convention and later the legislature. Black leaders felt betrayed in 1868 when Georgia s white legislators (Democrats and some Republicans) removed African American legislators from Georgia s General Assembly. The black leaders were removed on grounds that the right to vote guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment did not give African Americans the right to hold office. The expelled legislators founded the Civil and Political Rights Association and traveled to Washington to plead their case with members of the U.S. Congress.

Chapter 9 Terms Pg.1 1.Freedmen 2.Freedmen s Bureau 3.Reconstruction 4.Disfranchise 5.13th Amendment 6.Black Codes 7.14th Amendment 8. Ku Klux Klan 9. Georgia Act 10. 15th Amendment 11.Sharecropping 12.Tenant Farming 13.Convict lease system 14.Farmer s Alliance 15.Populists Party 16.White Supremacy 17.Temperance 18.Co-op

TOC Chapter 9 Name: Class: Page # Title Date 1 Chapter 9 Terms 2 Share cropper vs. Tenant Farming (pg.307 in your book) 3 Freedman's Bureau (pgs.299 & 300 in your book) 4 Reconstruction Plans Organizer (pgs.300,301,303&304 in your book) 5 Henry McNeal Turner & Black Legislators (pg. 305 in your book) 6 Bourbon Triumvirate Notes & T-Chart (Pg. 312-314 in your book ) 7 Henry Grady & The New South (Pg. 317-329 in your book) 8 International Cotton Exposition (Pg. 317-329 in your book) 9 The Felton's (Pg. 317-329 in your book) 10 Study Guide

EQ: What was the Bourbon Triumvirate and how did it impact Georgia? SS8H7 The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918. a. Evaluate the impact the Bourbon Triumvirate, Henry Grady, International Cotton Exposition, Tom Watson and the Populists, Rebecca Latimer Felton, the 1906 Atlanta Riot, the Leo Frank Case, and the county unit system had on Georgia during this period.

The Bourbon Triumvirate Joseph Brown Alfred H. Colquitt John B. Gordon

Bourbon Triumvirate Success Shortcomings

The Redemption Directions: The Redemption period followed Reconstruction. It was a time when the Bourbon Triumvirate tried to reclaim the state from the scalawags and carpetbaggers. Opinions about the contributions of the three Georgians to the political, social, and economic recovery of the state vary. Below is a chart with a column for each of these three leaders and a list of facts about the Bourbon Triumvirate. Your job is to place these descriptive facts in the correct column. Note that a fact may apply to more than one individual. Joseph E. Brown Alfred H. Colquitt John B. Gordon Close friend of Joseph E. Brown Trustee of University of Georgia Governor of Georgia News correspondent Born in Upson County Born in Walton County Took John Gordon's seat in U.S. Senate Judge Headed a company that leased railroads Was appointee of Gov. Colquitt Worked as coal mine manager Graduate of Princeton Civil War military leader Wrote a book about the war Attended University of Georgia Believed in white supremacy Lawyer Wrote a book about the war with radical Reconstructionists Put on trial for corruption but found innocent Elected to U.S. Senate President, Atlanta Board of Education Fought in Mexican-American War Had a college named after him Grew up in Union County Believed in educational improvement Graduate of Yale

The Bourbon Triumvirate Joseph Brown Grew up in Union County Trustee of University of Georgia Graduate of Yale Was appointee of Gov. Colquitt Elected to U.S. Senate President, Atlanta Board of Education Wanted Georgia to go along with radical Reconstructionist Headed a company that leased railroads Lawyer Judge Took John Gordon's seat in U.S. Senate Judge Believed in white supremacy Alfred H. Colquitt Born in Walton County Close friend of Joseph E. Brown Put on trial for corruption but found innocent Graduate of Princeton Had a college named after him Fought in Mexican-American War Elected to U.S. Senate Governor of Georgia Believed in white supremacy Civil War military leader John B. Gordon Born in Upson County News correspondent Had a college named after him Governor of Georgia Wrote a book about the war Civil War military leader Believed in white supremacy Attended University of Georgia Worked as coal mine manager Governor of Georgia

Bourbon Triumvirate Success Lowered Taxes Reduced War Debt Expanded Business and industries Help Georgia through economic reconstruction. Shortcomings Didn t help: The poor Education Working Conditions Mental hospitals Improving lives of convicts

Georgia s Bourbon Triumvirate Joseph Brown Alfred H. Colquitt John B. Gordon Pg. 6 These men each served as Georgia s Governor and represented the state in the U.S. Senate Were active in Georgia and National politics from 1872 to 1890 Wanted stronger economic ties to the north Were white supremacist

Bourbon Triumvirate s impact on Georgia Pg.6 Continued Positive Lowered taxes Reduced war debts Expanded business and industry Negative Did not help the poor Did not improve education Did not improve working conditions Did not improve mental hospitals Did not improve the prison system

EQ: Who was Henry Grady and how did He impact Georgia? SS8H7 The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918. a. Evaluate the impact the Bourbon Triumvirate, Henry Grady, International Cotton Exposition, Tom Watson and the Populists, Rebecca Latimer Felton, the 1906 Atlanta Riot, the Leo Frank Case, and the county unit system had on Georgia during this period.

Starter- 5 Minutes Turn in your Chapter 9 Section 3&4 Terms Open your book to page 318. Read about Henry Grady and be prepared to share.

Henry Grady Pg.7 Was a UGA graduate Was a Journalist who worked for several different newspapers and was the Managing Editor and part owner of the Atlanta Constitution Was a public speaker who travel the country giving speeches Helped found Georgia Tech Helped plan the International Cotton Exposition Created the phrase New South Open your text book to page 318

...Grady visited northern cities and spoke frequently about the New South. In one of his most famous speeches, he spoke about the need for industry in Georgia: I attended a funeral in a Georgia county. It was a poor one gallused fellow. They buried him in the midst of a marble quarry; they cut through solid marble to make his grave; yet the little tombstone they put above him was from Vermont. They buried him in the midst of a pine forest, but his pine coffin was imported from Cincinnati. They buried him within touch of an iron mine, but the nails in his coffin and the iron in the shovel that dug his grave were from Pittsburgh. They buried him near the best sheep-grazing country in the world, yet the wool in the coffin bands was brought from the North. They buried him in a New York coat, a Boston pair of shoes, a pair of breeches from Chicago, and a shirt from Cincinnati. Georgia furnished only the corpse and a hole in the ground...

Pg.7 Continued 5 things the New South wanted to accomplish 1.Bring more industry into the south and make the South competitive economically with the North 2.Make agriculture more profitable by using new technologies 3.Diversify Southern agriculture: grow more than cotton! 4.Grow Southern cities: provide concentrated populations for factories to draw workers from 5.Improve race relations: violence is bad for business

EQ: What was the International Cotton Exposition and how did it impact Georgia? SS8H7 The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918. a. Evaluate the impact the Bourbon Triumvirate, Henry Grady, International Cotton Exposition, Tom Watson and the Populists, Rebecca Latimer Felton, the 1906 Atlanta Riot, the Leo Frank Case, and the county unit system had on Georgia during this period.

Pg.8 International Cotton Exposition Use the Following Link to Fill in the Graphic Organizer for Page 7 http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/article.jsp?id=h-2913

Starter- 10 Mins Pick up your Chapter 9 Study Guide Start working on answers

International Cotton Exposition Pg.8 Continued Who? Why? When? International Cotton Exposition How? Where? Significance?

International Cotton Exposition

International Cotton Exposition Pg.8 Continued Henry Grady Who? To help the city with its goal of becoming an industrial center Why? 1881, 1887, & 1895 When? International Cotton Exposition Raised money and promoted New South Concept How? Oglethorpe College in Atl Present Day Piedmont Park. Where? Brought New Business to GA. Significance?

SS8H7 The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918. a. Evaluate the impact the Bourbon Triumvirate, Henry Grady, International Cotton Exposition, Tom Watson and the Populists, Rebecca Latimer Felton, the 1906 Atlanta Riot, the Leo Frank Case, and the county unit system had on Georgia during this period.

Pg.9 The Feltons Challenge the Bourbons Write the question and 1 paragraph answer: Who were they, what were their core beliefs? What were their political beliefs? Where did they live and what type of work did they do? WHY did they become so active in these issues? Over what issue did they most disagree with the Bourbon Triumvirate?

The Feltons Pg.9 Were a husband and wife "team" from Cartersville, GA. William Felton was a doctor, preacher, farmer, public speaker, and served in both the Georgia General Assembly and US Congress. Rebecca Latimer Felton was a political activist. She was a leader in the temperance and suffrage movements. She worked as a columnist for the Atlanta Journal for 41 years Was the first woman to serve as a US Senator (she was appointed to fill a vacant seat until an election could be held. She was sworn in for one day.) Together they owned two newspapers Were leaders in the Independent Democrats Worked against many Bourbon policies that neglected the poor and underprivileged.

Convict Lease System Pg.9 Write the question and 1 paragraph answer: What was it? What problem was it trying to solve? Who was involved? What s the story? (What problem did it create?)

What is it? Pg. 9 Cont. Example: What is it like? Example: Convict Lease System What is it like? Example: What is it like? Your explanation of the topic:

Example: mixed ages, gender, and races Example: Seemed similar to slavery What is it? A System in which prisoners were rented out to businesses Convict Lease System Pg. 9 Cont. What is it like? Business provided food and shelter to prisoners What is it like? Cut out jobs for Middle Class Example: Chain Ganges What is it like? Often Misused & Mistreated workers Your explanation of the topic:

The End

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SS8H7 The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918. a. Evaluate the impact the Bourbon Triumvirate, Henry Grady, International Cotton Exposition, Tom Watson and the Populists, Rebecca Latimer Felton, the 1906 Atlanta Riot, the Leo Frank Case, and the county unit system had on Georgia during this period.

Who Known for... Impact on Georgia Joseph E. Brown Alfred H. Colquitt John B. Gordon Rebecca and William Felton Henry W. Grady

Chapter 9 sections one and two terms 1.Freedmen 2.Freedmen s Bureau 3.Reconstruction 4.Disfranchised 5.13th Amendment 6.Nullify 7.Provisional 8.Discrimination 9.Black Codes 10.14th Amendment

3. Bourbon Triumvirate Chapter 9 sections Three and Four terms 4. Ally 5. Convict lease system 6. New South 7. Normal School 8. Segregate 9. Textiles 10.Kaolin 11.Bauxite

Bour*bon [bo orben] relating to a branch of the French royal family who reigned from 1589 through 1793 and again after the French Revolution until the revolution of 1830. * * * Tri um vi rate (noun) a group of three people who jointly share some responsibility, authority, or power

Georgia s Bourbon Triumvirate Joseph Brown Alfred H. Colquitt John B. Gordon Use your text book to discover what colleges they attended and what jobs these men held. How did these jobs make these men powerful?

Yale Lawyer Joseph E. Brown State Senate State Judge GA Governor during the Civil War GA Supreme Court Justice Headed the Western and Atlantic Railroad US Senate Trustee for UGA President of the Atlanta Board of Education

Princeton Alfred Colquitt Soldier in the Mexican American War State Senate US House of Representatives Confederate Military leader during the Civil War (Major General) GA Governor US Senate

UGA Newspaper Correspondent (reporter) Manager of a coal mine Confederate Military leader during the Civil War (Lt. General) Author Public Speaker US Senate Ran a Railroad GA Governor US Senate John B. Gordon

Ku Klux Klan Beginnings 1. Began in Late 1865 and early 1866 in Pulaski, TN 2. Founded by six former Confederate army officers. Nathan Bedford Forest is the best known. 3. Began as a fraternity for ex-soldiers a. Name is derived form the Greek word Kuklos which means circle or band b. Klan is for clan a social group or family c. Had secret rituals d. Wore costumes 1) Dressed in White robes and hoods 2) Hide identity 3) Symbolized the ghosts of CSA soldiers e. Played pranks, etc

B. Became a terrorist organization in 1867 1. Used fear and intimidation to preserve southern culture 2. Worked to keep blacks from gaining civil rights a. Voting/participation in government b. Equal treatment under the law c. Economic equality 3. Klan targets a. Blacks b. Carpetbaggers c. Scalawags d. Anyone who opposed them or helped reconstruction 4. National Klan was disbanded in 1869 by Forest due to out of control violence 5. Local and state Klans continued to operate

C. Force Acts of 1870 and 1871 1. Allowed the army to arrest Klan members and hold them without a trial. 2. The Local and State Klans were soon gone.

term 13th Amendment Impact on Georgia and/or the US 14th Amendment 15th Amendment Ku Klux Klan Georgia Act Black Codes segregation Carpetbaggers Scalawags Disfranchised Freedman s Bureau