CHAPTER 35 Foundation Plan Layout

CHAPTER 35 Foundation Plan Layout I N T R O D U C T I O N The foundation plan is drawn at the same scale as the floor plan that it will support. Although the floor plan can be traced to obtain overall sizes, this practice can lead to major errors in the foundation plan. If you trace a floor plan that is slightly out of scale, you will reproduce the same errors in the foundation plan. A better method is to draw the foundation plan using the dimensions that are found on a print of the floor plan. If the foundation cannot be drawn using the dimensions on the floor plan, your floor plan may be missing dimensions or may contain errors. Great care needs to be taken with the foundation plan. If the foundation plan is not accurate, changes may be required that affect the entire structure. This chapter includes guidelines for several types of foundation plans, including concrete slab, joist construction, post-and-beam, and partial and full basements. Each is based on the floor plan that was used for examples in Section 4. Before attempting to draw a foundation plan, study the completed plan that follows each example so you will know what the finished drawing should look like. The foundation plan can be drawn manually by dividing the work into six stages: (1) foundation layout, (2) drawing foundation members, (3) drawing floor framing members, (4) dimensioning, (5) lettering, and (6) evaluation. As you progress through the drawing, you will use several types of line quality. For layout steps, construction lines in nonreproducible blue with a 6H lead will be best. When drawing finished-quality lines, use the following: 5-mm lead, #0 pen, or sharp 3H lead for thin lines 7-mm lead, #2 pen, or sharp H lead for bold lines 9-mm lead, #3 pen, or H lead and draw two parallel lines very close for very bold lines CONCRETE SLAB FOUNDATION LAYOUT The following steps can be used to draw a foundation with a concrete slab floor system. Not all steps will be required for every house. When the concrete slab foundation is complete, it should resemble the plan shown in Figure 35-5. Use construction lines for Step 1 through Step 9. Each step can be seen in Figure 35-1. STEP 1 Using the dimensions on your floor plan, lay out the exterior edge of the slab. The edge of the slab should match the exterior side of the exterior walls on the floor plan. STEP 2 Draw the interior side of the stem wall around the slab at the garage area. See Figure 33-12A for a review of foundation dimensions. STEP 3 Block out doors in the stem walls. Allow for the door size plus 4" (100 mm). STEP 4 Lay out a support ledge if brick veneer is to be used. STEP 5 Lay out the exterior footing width. STEP 6 Lay out the size of the fireplace based on measurements from the floor plan. STEP 7 Lay out the fireplace footing so that it extends 6" (150 mm) minimum beyond the face of the fireplace (exclude the hearth). STEP 8 Lay out interior footings. STEP 9 Lay out any exterior piers that might be required for decks or porches. STEP 10 Darken all items that were drawn in Step 1 through Step 9. Use bold lines to draw Step 1 through Step 4 with finished-line quality. Use thin dashed lines to draw Steps 5, 7, 8, and 9 with finishedline quality. Your drawing should now resemble the drawing in Figure 35-2. See Figure 35-3 for Step 11 through Step 14. Because the following items are simple, they can be drawn without construction lines. These items may or may not be required, depending on your plan. STEP 11 Draw changes in the floor levels. STEP 12 Draw metal connectors and exterior piers. STEP 13 Draw floor drains. STEP 14 Draw heating registers if required. 828

Chapter 35: Foundation Plan Layout 829 STEP 6 STEP 8 STEP 7 STEP 3 STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 5 STEP 4 STEP 3 STEP 9 FIGURE 35-1 Use construction lines to lay out the location of the stem wall, footings, doors, and the fireplace for a concrete slab foundation plan. You now have drawn all of the information that is required to represent the floor and foundation systems. Follow Step 15 through Step 20 to place the required dimensions on the drawing. Use thin lines for all extension and dimension lines. Your drawing should resemble Figure 35-4 when complete. Draw extension and dimension lines to locate: STEP 15 The overall size on each side of the foundation. STEP 16 Jogs in the foundation walls. STEP 17 Door openings in the stem wall. FIGURE 35-2 Carefully darken all objects using the proper finished-line quality. Construction lines should be so light that they do not need to be erased.

830 Architectural Drafting and Design STEP 13 STEP 11 STEP 12 FIGURE 35-3 Add any finishing materials such as lower slabs and plumbing, electrical, and HVAC material that will be below the slab. STEP 19 STEP 16 STEP 15 STEP 19 STEP 18 STEP 15 STEP 17 STEP 16 STEP 15 STEP 17 STEP 16 STEP 15 STEP 17 FIGURE 35-4 Prepare the plan to be dimensioned by adding dimension and extension lines to describe the overall, major jogs, and each opening on each side of the foundation.

Chapter 35: Foundation Plan Layout 831 STEP 18 Interior footings (to center) and interior stem walls (to edge) for braced wall support (50' [15 000 mm] maximum between braced wall lines). STEP 19 The fireplace. STEP 20 Heating and plumbing materials. The final drawing procedure is to place dimensions and specify the materials that are to be used. Figure 35-5 is an example of the notes that are required on the foundation. Use the following steps to complete the foundation plan. STEP 21 Compute and neatly letter all dimensions in the appropriate location. STEP 22 Neatly letter all required general notes. STEP 23 Neatly letter all required local notes. STEP 24 Place a title and scale under the drawing. STEP 25 Using a print of your plan, evaluate your drawing using the checklist below. SLAB FOUNDATION PLAN CHECKLIST Correct Symbol / Location Outline of slabs Walls Footings and piers Doors Ductwork Plumbing Floor slopes Required Local Notes Concrete slab thickness, fill, and reinforcement Veneer ledges Door block outs Fireplace footings Pier sizes Footing sizes Floor drains Heat registers Lateral bracing Required Dimensions Overall Jogs Openings Correct Structural Materials Proper footing size Proper footing location Proper pier size Proper pier location Lateral bracing Required General Notes Soil-bearing pressure Concrete strength Anchor bolt size and spacing Vapor barriers Slab insulation Reinforcement Lateral schedules Pier locations Metal connectors Lateral bracing locations FOUNDATION PLAN WITH JOIST CONSTRUCTION The following steps (illustrated in Figure 35-6) can be used to draw a foundation plan showing continuous footings and floor joists. Use construction lines for Step 1 through Step 9. STEP 1 Using the dimensions on your floor plan, lay out the exterior face of the foundation wall. STEP 2 Determine the foundation wall thickness and lay out the interior face of the foundation wall. See Figure 33-12A for a review of foundation footing and wall dimensions. STEP 3 Block out doors in the garage area. Typically the door size plus 4" (100 mm) is provided as the foundation is formed. STEP 4 Block out a crawl access. STEP 5 Lay out a support ledge if you are using masonry veneer. STEP 6 Lay out the size of the fireplace excluding the hearth, using the measurements on the floor plan. STEP 7 Lay out the footing width around the perimeter walls. STEP 8 Lay out the fireplace footing so it extends a minimum of 6" (150 mm) past the face of the fireplace. STEP 9 Lay out any exterior piers required for porches or deck support. STEP 10 Lay out girder locations to support floor joists, load-bearing walls, and changes in floor elevation. STEP 11 Locate the center of all support piers. STEP 12 Darken all items drawn in Step 1 through Step 9. Use bold lines to represent the materials drawn in Step 1 through Step 6. Use thin dashed lines for Step 7 through Step 9. When you are finished with this step, your drawing should resemble Figure 35-7. See Figure 35-8 for Step 13 through Step 18. The items in these steps are not drawn with construction lines. Because of their simplicity, these items can be drawn using finished lines and need not be traced. STEP 13 Draw the girders, using thin dashed lines. STEP 14 Draw arrows to represent the floor joist direction. STEP 15 Draw the piers to support the girders.

FIGURE 35-5 The foundation plan for a structure with a concrete slab is finished by adding dimensions and text. For drawings completed using the prescriptive path of the IRC, add any required supports for braced walls. Notice on the north wall, because the distance between braced wall lines exceeds 50 (15 000 mm) a stem wall and footing have been added to support the interior braced wall panel. 832 Architectural Drafting and Design

Chapter 35: Foundation Plan Layout 833 STEP 2 STEP 1 STEP 4 STEP 6 STEP 7 STEP 8 STEP 3 STEP 10 STEP 11 STEP 1 STEP 5 STEP 3 STEP 2 STEP 9 FIGURE 35-6 Use construction lines to lay out the locations of stem wall, footings, doors, the fireplace, and girder. STEP 16 Draw beam pockets. STEP 17 Draw vents in the walls surrounding the crawl space. Use bold lines to represent the edges and thin lines to represent the vent. STEP 18 Crosshatch the masonry chimney if concrete block or brick is used. You now have drawn all of the information that is required to represent the floor and foundation systems. Follow Step 19 through Step 24 to dimension these items. Use thin lines for all extension and dimension lines. When complete, your drawing should resemble Figure 35-9. FIGURE 35-7 Carefully darken all objects using the proper finished-line quality. Construction lines should be so light that they do not need to be erased.

834 Architectural Drafting and Design STEP 13 STEP 15 STEP 16 STEP 14 STEP 17 FIGURE 35-8 Draw the girders, joists, and vents. STEP 19 STEP 22 STEP 20 STEP 19 STEP 20 STEP 23 STEP 23 STEP 19 STEP 20 STEP 21 STEP 21 STEP 20 STEP 19 FIGURE 35-9 Prepare the plan to be dimensioned by adding dimension and extension lines to describe the overall, major jogs, and each opening on each side of the foundation.

Chapter 35: Foundation Plan Layout 835 Draw extension and dimension lines to locate: STEP 19 The overall size of each side of the foundation. STEP 20 The jogs in the foundation wall. STEP 21 Door openings in the foundation wall. STEP 22 The fireplace. STEP 23 All girders and piers. Place extension lines on the outside of the foundation if possible. STEP 24 Metal connectors if required. All materials have now been drawn and located. The final drawing procedure is to place dimensions and specify the material to be used. This is done with general and local notes in a method similar to that used on the floor plan. Figure 35-10 shows how the notes might appear in the foundation plan. Use the following steps as a guideline for completing the foundation plan. STEP 25 Compute all dimensions and place them in their appropriate locations. STEP 26 Neatly letter all required general notes. STEP 27 Neatly letter all required local notes. STEP 28 Place a title and scale under the drawing. STEP 29 Use a print of your plan to evaluate your drawing using the following checklist. FOUNDATION PLAN WITH JOISTS CHECKLIST Correct Symbol and Location Stem walls Footings Crawl access Vents Doors Girders Joist Piers Masonry Fireplace Required Local Notes Joist size and spacing Beam sizes Beam pockets Metal connectors Anchor bolts and mudsill Correct Structural Materials Proper footing sizes Proper stem wall size Proper beam placement Proper beam size Proper joist size and direction Proper pier locations and sizes Lateral bracing Veneer ledges Door block outs Fireplace footing size (masonry) Vent size and spacing Lateral bracing Garage slab thickness Fill and slope direction Fireplace outline (exterior 0-clearance) Required General Notes Soil-bearing information Concrete strength Crawl space covering Framing lumber grade and species Lateral schedules Required Dimensions Overall Jogs Openings in stem walls (excluding vents) Girder locations Pier locations Metal connectors Lateral bracings locations STANDARD FOUNDATION WITH POST-AND-BEAM FLOOR SYSTEM Use construction lines for drawing Step 1 through Step 12. Each step can be seen in Figure 35-11. When your drawing is complete, it should resemble the plan in Figure 35-14. STEP 1 Using the dimensions on your floor plan, lay out the exterior edge of the foundation wall. STEP 2 Lay out the interior face of the foundation wall. STEP 3 Block out doors in the garage area. STEP 4 Block out for a crawl access. STEP 5 Lay out the support ledge if masonry veneer is to be used. STEP 6 Lay out the size of the fireplace using measurements from the floor plan. STEP 7 Lay out the footing under the foundation walls. STEP 8 Lay out the footing under the fireplace. STEP 9 Lay out any exterior piers required to support porches and decks. STEP 10 Lay out the center of each load-bearing wall. STEP 11 Lay out all girders. STEP 12 Lay out the center for the piers to support the girders. See Figure 35-12 for Step 13 through Step 16. STEP 13 Darken all items in Step 1 through Step 12. Use bold lines to represent the material in Step 1 through Step 6. Use thin dashed lines to represent the material in Step 7 through Step 9, and Step 12. STEP 14 Use pairs of thin dashed lines or a very bold center line to represent the girders.

FIGURE 35-10 The foundation plan for a home with a joist floor system is finished by adding dimensions and text. For drawings completed using the prescriptive path of the IRC, add any required supports for braced walls. Notice on the north wall, because the distance between braced wall lines exceeds 50 (15 000 mm) a stem wall and footing have been added to support the interior braced wall panel. 836 Architectural Drafting and Design

Chapter 35: Foundation Plan Layout 837 STEP 7 STEP 4 STEP 6 STEP 8 STEP 10 STEP 3 STEP 11 STEP 12 STEP 1 STEP 5 STEP 3 STEP 2 STEP 9 FIGURE 35-11 Use construction lines to lay out the locations of the stem wall, footing, doors, fireplace, and girders and piers for a post-and-beam foundation plan. The items to be drawn in these steps have not been drawn with construction lines. Because of their simplicity you can draw these items with finished lines. STEP 15 Draw vents in the walls surrounding the crawl space. STEP 16 Draw beam pockets. When you are finished with this step, your drawing should resemble the drawing in Figure 35-12. STEP 17 Crosshatch materials formed using concrete blocks. STEP 16 STEP 14 STEP 15 FIGURE 35-12 Carefully darken all objects using the proper finished-line quality. Construction lines should be so light that they do not need to be erased.

838 Architectural Drafting and Design STEP 21 STEP 23 STEP 23 STEP 20 STEP 22 STEP 18 STEP 19 STEP 24 STEP 20 STEP 19 FIGURE 35-13 Draw the girders and the piers with finished-line quality. Place dimension lines to describe the overall, major jogs, and each opening on each side of the foundation. You now have drawn all of the information to represent the floor and foundation systems. Follow Step 18 through Step 23 to dimension these items. Use thin lines for extension and dimension lines. When complete, your foundation plan should resemble Figure 35-13. Draw extension and dimension lines to locate: STEP 18 The overall size of the foundation. STEP 19 The jogs in the foundation walls. STEP 20 All openings in the foundation walls except for vents. STEP 21 The fireplace. STEP 22 All girders. STEP 23 All piers. STEP 24 All metal connectors. All materials have now been drawn to represent the floor and foundation systems. The final drafting procedure is to place dimensions and specify the material to be used. This is done by the use of general and local notes in a method similar to what was used on the floor plan. Figure 35-14 shows how notes can be placed on the foundation plan. Complete the foundation plan using the following steps. STEP 25 Compute and neatly letter dimensions in the appropriate places. STEP 26 Neatly letter all required general notes. STEP 27 Neatly letter all local notes. STEP 28 Place a title and scale below the drawing. STEP 29 Using a print of your plan, evaluate your drawing using the checklist.

FIGURE 35-14 The foundation plan for a home with a post-and-beam floor system is finished by adding dimensions and text. For drawings completed using the prescriptive path of the IRC, add any required supports for braced walls. Notice on the north wall, because the distance between braced wall lines exceeds 50 (15 000 mm) a stem wall and footing have been added to support the interior braced wall panel. Chapter 35: Foundation Plan Layout 839

840 Architectural Drafting and Design FOUNDATION PLAN WITH POST-AND-BEAM CHECKLIST Correct Symbol and Location Correct Structural Materials Stem walls Proper footing sizes Footings Proper stem wall size Crawl access Proper beam placement Vents Proper pier placement Doors Veneer ledges Girders and piers Lateral bracing Line of slabs Masonry fireplace and footing Required Local Notes Beam size Beam pockets Metal connectors Anchor bolts and mudsills Garage slab thickness, fill, slope direction Fireplace note Vent size and spacing Veneer ledges Required General Notes Soil-bearing values Concrete values Crawl space covering Crawl space insulation Framing lumber grade and species Lateral schedules Door block outs Fireplace outline (exterior 0-clearance) Lateral bracings Required Dimensions Overall Jogs Wall openings Lateral bracing locations Girder locations Pier locations Metal locations Masonry fireplace location COMBINATION SLAB AND CRAWL SPACE PLANS FOR A PARTIAL BASEMENT A structure may require a combined slab and floor joist system. The foundation plan will have similarities to both a foundation with joist and a slab foundation system. Figure 35-19 is an example of a foundation plan with a basement slab and a crawl space with joist construction. The following steps can be used to draw the foundation plan. Use construction lines for Step 1 through Step 12. Each step can be seen in Figure 35-15. STEP 1 Using the dimensions on your floor plan, lay out the exterior face of the foundation walls. STEP 2 Determine the wall thickness and lay out the interior face of the foundation walls. STEP 2 STEP 1 STEP 4 STEP 8 STEP 6 STEP 7 STEP 8 STEP 9 STEP 10 STEP 11 STEP 12 STEP 3 STEP 3 STEP 1 STEP 5 STEP 3 STEP 2 STEP 10 FIGURE 35-15 Use construction lines to lay out the location of the stem wall, retaining walls, footings, door locations, and the fireplace for a foundation plan with a partial basement.

Chapter 35: Foundation Plan Layout 841 FIGURE 35-16 Carefully darken all objects using the proper finished-line quality. Construction lines should be so light that they do not need to be erased. STEP 3 Block out door and window openings in the foundation walls. STEP 4 Block out a crawl access. STEP 5 Lay out a support ledge if masonry veneer is to be used. STEP 6 Lay out the size of the fireplace based on the size drawn on the floor plan. STEP 7 Lay out the footing under the fireplace. STEP 8 Lay out the footing width under all foundation walls. STEP 9 Lay out the footing width under all interior loadbearing walls. STEP 10 Lay out any exterior piers required for porches and deck support. STEP 11 Lay out girder locations to support the floor and load-bearing walls. STEP 12 Locate the center of all interior support piers. STEP 13 Darken all items drawn in Step 1 through Step 10. Use bold lines for Step 1 through Step 6. Use thin dashed lines for items in Step 7 through Step 10 and Step 12. When complete, your drawing should resemble Figure 35-16. See Figure 35-17 for Step 14 through Step 19. These items have not been drawn with construction lines. Each can be drawn using finished-quality lines and need not be traced. STEP 14 Draw the girders using dashed lines. STEP 15 Draw piers with thin dashed lines. STEP 16 Draw vents in the crawl area only. STEP 17 Draw windows with thin lines. STEP 18 Draw window wells using thin lines. STEP 19 Crosshatch materials if concrete blocks are used. You now have drawn all of the information that is needed to represent the floor and foundation systems. Follow Step 20 through Step 23 to dimension these items. Use thin lines for all extension and dimension lines. When complete, your drawing should resemble Figure 35-18. Draw extension and dimension lines to locate: STEP 20 Overall size on each side of the foundation. STEP 21 Jogs in the foundation walls. STEP 22 All openings in the foundation walls except for vents. STEP 23 All girders and piers. All materials have now been drawn and located. The final drawing procedure is to place dimensions and specify the materials that were used. Materials may be specified with general and local notes. Figure 35-19 is an example of the notes that can be found on the foundation plan. Use the following steps as guidelines to complete the foundation plan.

842 Architectural Drafting and Design STEP 17 STEP 16 STEP 18 STEP 14 STEP 15 FIGURE 35-17 Draw all girders, piers, windows, and window wells. STEP 22 STEP 23 STEP 23 STEP 21 STEP 20 FIGURE 35-18 Prepare the plan to be dimensioned by adding dimension and extension lines to describe the overall, major jogs, and each opening on each side of the foundation.

FIGURE 35-19 The foundation plan with a crawl space and partial basement is finished by adding dimensions and text. For drawings completed using the prescriptive path of the IRC, add any required supports for braced walls. Chapter 35: Foundation Plan Layout 843

844 Architectural Drafting and Design STEP 24 Compute all dimensions and place them in the appropriate location. STEP 25 Neatly letter all required general notes. STEP 26 Neatly letter all required local notes. STEP 27 Place a title and scale under the drawing. STEP 28 Using a print of your plan, evaluate your drawing using the following checklist. CHECKLIST FOR FOUNDATION PLANS WITH PARTIAL SLAB AND FLOOR JOISTS Correct Symbol and Location Stem walls Footings Crawl access Vents Doors Girders and joist Piers Slabs Window wells Required Local Notes Joist size and spacing Beam size Beam pockets Metal connectors Anchor bolts Mudsill Slab thickness Fill Slope direction of slab Window wells Lateral bracing Required Dimensions Overall sizes Jogs Openings in stem walls Interior footing locations Girder locations Pier locations Metal connectors Lateral bracing locations Correct Structural Materials Footing size Stem wall sizes Beam placement Beam sizes Joist sizes Pier locations Beam locations Pier sizes Lateral bracing Required General Notes Soil-bearing value Concrete strength Crawl space covering Framing lumber grade and species Slab insulation Lateral schedule FULL BASEMENT The foundation plan for a home with a full basement will have similarities to a slab foundation system. Figure 35-22 is an example of a foundation plan with a basement slab and a crawl space with joist construction. The following steps can be used to draw the foundation plan. Use construction lines for Step 1 through Step 12. Each step can be seen in Figure 35-20. STEP 1 Using the dimensions on your floor plan, lay out the exterior face of the foundation walls. STEP 2 Determine the wall thickness and lay out the interior face of the foundation walls. STEP 3 Block out openings in the foundation walls. STEP 4 Lay out a support ledge if masonry veneer is to be used. STEP 5 Lay out the size of the fireplace based on the size drawn on the floor plan. STEP 6 Lay out the footing under the fireplace. STEP 7 Lay out the footing width under all foundation walls. STEP 8 Lay out the footing width under all interior loadbearing walls. STEP 9 Lay out any exterior piers required for porches and deck support. STEP 10 Darken all items drawn in Step 1 through Step 9. Use bold lines for Step 1 through Step 6. Use thin dashed lines for items in Step 7 through Step 9. See Figure 35-21 for Step 11 through Step 13. These items have not been drawn with construction lines. Each can be drawn using finished-quality lines and need not be traced. STEP 11 Draw window wells using thin lines. STEP 12 Draw windows with thin lines. STEP 13 Crosshatch any materials where concrete blocks are used. When complete, your drawing should resemble Figure 35-21. You now have drawn all of the information that is needed to represent the foundation system. Follow Step 14 through Step 16 to dimension these items. Use thin lines for all extension and dimension lines. When complete, your drawing should resemble Figure 35-22. Draw extension and dimension lines to locate: STEP 14 Overall size on each side of the foundation. STEP 15 Jogs in the foundation walls. STEP 16 All openings in the foundation walls except for vents.

Chapter 35: Foundation Plan Layout 845 STEP 2 STEP 1 STEP 7 STEP 5 STEP 6 STEP 7 STEP 8 STEP 3 STEP 3 STEP 1 STEP 4 STEP 3 STEP 2 STEP 9 FIGURE 35-20 Use construction lines to lay out the locations of retaining walls, footings, doors, and the fireplace for a full basement foundation plan. STEP 11 STEP 12 STEP 16 STEP 15 STEP 14 FIGURE 35-21 Carefully darken all objects using the proper finished-line quality. Construction lines should be so light that they do not need to be erased. Add any finishing materials such as window wells. Add dimension and extension lines to describe the overall, major jogs, and each opening on each side of the foundation.

FIGURE 35-22 The foundation plan for a full basement is finished by adding dimensions and text. For drawings completed using the prescriptive path of the IRC, add any required supports for braced walls. 846 Architectural Drafting and Design

Chapter 35: Foundation Plan Layout 847 All materials have now been drawn and located. The final drawing procedure is to place dimensions and specify the materials that were used. Materials may be specified with general and local notes. Figure 35-22 is an example of the notes that can be found on the foundation plan. Use the following steps as guidelines to complete the foundation plan. STEP 17 Compute all dimensions and place them in the appropriate location. STEP 18 Neatly letter all required general notes. STEP 19 Neatly letter all required local notes. STEP 20 Place a title and scale under the drawing. STEP 21 Using a print of your plan, evaluate your drawing using the checklists that were used to complete a partial slab/joist foundation. CADD APPLICATIONS Using CADD to Draw Foundation Plans The six steps used to draw a foundation plan manually are similar to the steps used when drawing with AutoCAD. The first step in using CADD is to plan your drawing. This includes planning where the drawing will be created and stored, the needed layers, line types, and what loads will need to be supported. Because you do not have the same kind of accuracy problems when working with CADD as you have with manual drafting, the CADD floor plan may be used as an accurate basis for drawing the foundation plan. Display the floor plan, and then begin the foundation drawing directly over the floor plan on another layer. Use layers with prefixes such as FND and create layers for WALL, FOOT, JSTS, ANNO, SYMB, OUTL, and DIMS to keep the foundation plan separate from the floorplan files. By using the OSNAP command, the line representing the outer side of the stem walls can be drawn, using the outer edge of the exterior walls of the floor plan as a guide. Once the outline of the floor plan has been traced, freeze all floor-related information. The guidelines given earlier in this chapter can now be used as guidelines for creating the desired foundation type. Once the outline of the exterior walls has been established, the OFFSET command can be used to lay out the thickness of the stem walls and footings. Corners can be adjusted by using the FILLET or TRIM command. The CHANGE PROPERTIES command can be used to change the lines representing the footings from continuous to hidden. By following the step-bystep instructions for a particular foundation type, the plan can be completed. Many of the dimensions used on the floor or framing plan can also be used on the foundation plan (see Figure 35-23). Thaw the existing dimensions so that they are displayed on the foundation drawing, or use the COPY command to place the needed dimension in the drawing. A layer such as BASE DIM can be used for placing dimensions required by the floor and foundation plans. Place any dimensions that were not placed on previous plan views as needed on the foundation plan. This will include the locations of openings in the stem wall for any doors into the garage, foundation supports, and braced wall anchor locations. Openings in the exterior envelope that will be above a wood floor system do not need to be located on the foundation plan. General notes can be typed and stored as a WBLOCK and reused on future foundation plans. Many drafters also store lists of local notes required for a particular type of foundation as a WBLOCK and insert them into a drawing. Once inserted into the foundation plan, the notes can be moved to the desired position. When completed, the foundation plan can be stored separately from the floor plan to make plotting easier. Storing the foundation plan with the floor and framing plan will save disk space, and proper use of layering can ease plotting. All foundation walls, bearing footings, and support beams will be in their correct locations.

848 Architectural Drafting and Design CADD APPLICATIONS 51'-2 1/2" 29'-6"± 30" X 18" EXIST. CRAWL ACCESS EXISTING CRAWL SPACE 18" MIN. CRAWL SPACE COVER W/ 6 MIL. BLACK VAPOR BARRIER THROUGHOUT. LAP JOINTS 12" MIN. & EXTEND UP STEM WALL & STAPLE TO MUD BILL. GENERAL NOTES: 21'-8 1/2" 1. ASSUMED SOIL BEARING PRESSURE OF 2,000 PSF 2. ALL CONCRETE TO BEAR ON FIRM, NATURAL, UNDISTURBED SOIL. 3. CONCRETE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH @ 28 DAYS TO BE: WALLS NOT EXPOSED TO WEATHER - 2500 P.S.I. WALLS EXPOSED TO WEATHER - 3000 P.S.I. GARAGE SLABS, PORCHES, & STEPS - 3500 P.S.I. 4. EXTEND ALL FOOTINGS 18" INTO NATURAL GRADE. FOOTINGS TO BE 6" THICK FOR 1 STORY/ 7" THICK @ 2 STORY. ALL STEM WALLS TO BE 8" WIDE UNLESS STEEL IS PROVIDED WITHIN 2" (1" MIN. FROM THE FACE OF WALL AWAY FROM THE SOIL. STEEL TO BE 2 #3'S HORIZ. 5. FINISH GRADE TO SLOPE AWAY FROM THE FOUNDATION WALL. SLOPE TO BE A MINIMUM OF 6" WITHIN 10' 0" OF WALL. 6. PROVIDE POSITIVE DRAINAGE AT ALL CRAWL SPACES. 7. ALL FRAMING LUMBER TO BE D.F.L. #2. 25'-6" ± 2'-0" NEW 30" X 24" CRAWL ACCESS 2 X 8 DFPT LEDGERS 2 X 8 F.J. @ 16" O.C. 12'-0"± 8" WIDE STEM WALL TYP. W/ 2 X 6 DFPT SILL W/ 1/2" Ø X 10" AB. @ 6'-0" O.C. MAX. - 7" MIN. INTO CONC. W/2" Ø WASHERS. BLOCK OUT FOR 9'-0" WIDE DOORS 4" CONC. SLAB OVE 4" MIN. GRAVEL. SLOPE 1/4" MIN. PER FOOT. PROVIDE 6 X 6 -#10 X #10 WELDED WIRE MESH. PROVIDE CONT. FOOT @ GARAGE DOOR 2'-0" 8-SIMPSON CO. PAT 28 STRAPS 2'-8" 9'-4" 4'-0" 16'-0" 24" X 6" SCREENED VENTS @ 10'-0" O.C.± 3'-0" MAX FROM EACH CORNER 5 1/2" BLOCK OUT FOR 2'-8" WIDE DOOR 8" 3'-0" 7'-6"± NTS 22'-2"± 51'-2 1/2" 21'-6 1/2" FOUNDATION PLAN 1/4" 1'-0" FIGURE 35-23 Tracing the outline of the walls on the floor plan is an excellent method to create the foundation plan. Most other materials and notes can be created using the OFFSET command, or by inserting blocks.

Chapter 35: Foundation Plan Layout 849 Foundation Plan Layout Test See CD for more information QUESTIONS DIRECTIONS: Answer the questions with short, complete statements or drawings as needed on an 8 1/2" 11" sheet of notebook paper, as follows: 1. Letter your name, Chapter 35 Test, and the date at the top of the sheet. 2. Letter the question number and provide the answer. You do not need to write out the question. Answers may be prepared on a word processor if course guidelines allow it. Question 35 1 At what scale will the foundation be drawn? Question 35 2 List five items that must be shown on a foundation plan for a concrete slab. Question 35 3 What general categories of information must be dimensioned on a slab foundation? Question 35 4 Show how floor joists are represented on a foundation plan. Question 35 5 How large an opening should be provided in the stem wall for a garage door 8 0 wide? Question 35 6 How much space should be provided for a 3 entry door in a post-and-beam foundation? Explain your answer. Question 35 7 How are the footings represented on a foundation plan? Question 35 8 Show two methods of representing girders. Question 35 9 What type of line quality is typically used to represent beam pockets? Question 35 10 What are the disadvantages of tracing a print of the floor plan to lay out a foundation plan? PROBLEMS 1. Draw a foundation plan that corresponds to the floor plan problem from Chapter 18 that you have drawn. Draw the required foundation plan using the guidelines given in this chapter. Design a floor system that is suitable for the residence and your area of the country. 2. Draw the foundation plan using the same type and size of drawing material that you used for the floor plan. 3. Use the same scale that was used to draw the floor plan. 4. Refer to your floor plan to determine the dimensions and position of load-bearing walls. 5. Refer to the text of this chapter and class lecture notes for complete information. 6. When your drawing is complete, turn in a print to your instructor for evaluation.

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