Global Geology 15 2 182-186 2012 doi 10. 3969 /j. issn. 1673-9736. 2012. 02. 17 Article ID 1673-9736 2012 02-0182-05 Design of database management system of oil shale resource evaluation based on GIS WEI Xuguang 1 LIU Cai 1 ZHANG Yuan 2 WANG Fei 3 CHEN Guangyu 1 and ZHU Jianwei 3 1. College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun 130026 China 2. Guangdong Geologic Survey Institute Guangzhou 510080 China 3. College of Earth Sciences Jilin University Changchun 130062 China Abstract Base on the oil shale data model the authors analyz the four main data types and their mutual relations grasped the focus on the oil shale data management established UML visual demand model for oil shale resources in the field of evaluation constructed three-tier system and developed oil shale resource evaluation database management system. The system can be used for managing oil shale data storage enhancing the efficiency and quality of the oil shale resource evaluation. Key words oil shale resources GIS DBMS spatial data Introduction Oil shale is a kind of solid combustible organic mineral in high ash content which can obtain shale oil after low temperature dry distillation its oil content 3. 5%. The organic content is high mainly sapropelic humus or mixed its heat is generally 4. 187 kj /g. The oil shale is an important source of energy unconventional oil and gas resource. It plays an important role to provide power in fuel and thermoelectricity Liu et al. 2006. China's oil shale exploration is low level the majority of the oil shale exploration is in survey or detailed investigation survey stage. The level of work basically remains in the 1950s - 1960s. At that time the height of China's oil shale exploration geology coal petroleum metallurgy chemicals building materials and other departments had developed the oil shale exploration work abtained a large quantity of Basic information and exploration results large a- mounts of oil shale data were accumulated Hou 1984 Zhao et al. 1990 Wang et al. 1992. However these data saved in chart or text could not get efficint management. GIS can be a variety of related spatial and non spatial information by layer approach to management and analysis Chen & Gong 1998 which makes oil shale a unified data storage management resource assessment and efficient development and utilization as a possibility. Oil exploration data management information systems research and application of oil exploration based on GIS in recent years is the hot topic in the forefront of the industry but also are the oil sector and the urgent need for relevant research institutions Shi et al. 2004 Barrell et al. 2000 Wei 2009 Song et al. 1998 Fu et al. 2006 Wu et al. 2005. At present there is no relevant unit or departments using GIS technology to build for oil shale Received 24 December 2011 accepted 20 January 2012
Design of database management system of oil shale resources evaluation based on GIS 183 data management applications only part of the scholars in the study of the relevant databases Fan 2010. Abroad is focused on resource evaluation data model research and geological database construction such as the United States under the auspices of the USGS Digital Geologic Map Data Model and national geological database. 1 Analysis of oil shale data model Oil shale data acquisitions are mainly through the access hole drilling engineering data. By the test and measurement of oil rate and the thickness of oil shale's corresponding layer to infer exploration areas and reserves of oil shale reserves. It is a comprehensive process and the performance of the histogram contour map block diagrams reports or text. Using object oriented spatial data analysis and modeling methods a comprehensive analysis of oil shale of the main objects and their interrelations grasp the essence of data management of oil shale. Fig. 1 is an example of oil shale data model analysis. Oil shale data model involves field area data borehole layer data basic space date and results of data totally five categories of data. Field area is the geographical space that contains the scope of borehole data mainly refers to the basin holding exploration area layer in the borehole data is corresponding to the layer which given number of oil shale. Basic space date mainly refers to the basis of geographical geological or remote sensing images is the spatial reference data oil shale and important background data. Outcome data infers resource assessment results data text reports related pictures and other multimedia data. Borehole is a small surface area and depth of a certain three-dimensional solid cylinder the equivalent of more than one vertical observation points with different depths of the geotechnical characteristics of lamination data which correspond to the real ground. Borehole through the production of various types of chart performance characteristics of the vertical stratification and in-situ test data and bench test data and thus reflect the entire field area below the surface geology. Borehole data is core of data model the entire management of oil shale through the establishment of other types of borehole data correlation between data. Fig. 1 Oil shale data model
184 Wei X. G. Liu C. Zhang Y. et al. 2 System examples Oil shale resources evaluation database management system examples shows using UML visual techniques as Fig. 2 The main functions of the oil shale resource evaluation database management system embody in following four respects 1 Dispersion heterogeneous data's unified storage management. Four categories data are related to basis spatial data borehole data field data and research results data. The previous three categories are basis spatial data the maps in the research results data also is the spatial data. In addition borehole data and field data also contain a large number of non-spatial data including text reports photographs and tables and so on. 2 Data visualization expressed and edited. Such as the display of different types of data geological symbols and linear expression the data update maintenance management and other local elements. 3 Resource evaluation. According to the oil shale layer information in the borehole of the appointed research fields the reservoir reserve of oil shale can obtain using discrete grad data interpolation and accumulation calculation in vertical and plane. 4 Specialized thematic mapping function. GIS maps are effective methods of the output and expression about oil shale research results also is the most concerned for user and the most frequently used function. The space information of oil shale are reflected in various special maps from different angles such as plane map single well histogram multi-well profile contour maps and block diagrams of oil shale thickness or oil yield. Fig. 2 Oil shale resource evaluation database management systems 3 Key techniques 3. 1 Spatial data and non-spatial data integration management Oil shale resources evaluation database management system is involved massive oil shale data in heterogeneous multi-source multi-scale multi-period geological data using relation database unified to manage about spatial and non-spatilal structure data. Spatial data access is achieved by spatial data search engine. Oil shale geological data management is realized through specialized and independent management module. Simultaneously considered the massive data management and the performance question the system selects the mainstream database as database management system realizes the data integration storage network sharing distributional processing and solves spatial and non-spatial data management problems.
Design of database management system of oil shale resources evaluation based on GIS 185 3. 2 Using plug-in oriented technology for building GIS base framework Plug- in oriented technology information systems development is key technical approach to solve the system openness expansibility reusability. This plug-in architecture is helpful to compile good extension and custom-made function application program realize the system expansion and user-definition on the condition not to revise the software core content. This system is using plug-in oriented technique to build GIS base framework. According to application system development features the first step is to build GIS basis framework under MapGis7 operation system by encapsulated MapGis7 library. The second step is to develop other plug-ins functions based on the framework. The third step is to realize dynamic state of the corresponding function modules while taking advantage of framework itself have the plug-in search mechanism. Final step is to achieve the flexibility expansion system by itself. 3. 3 Full application of CBD technique System is based on object-oriented modeling methods using component based development CBD technique and compiles object-oriented programme to package the underlying module as the application components. By applying a combination of components we build the systems so that realize the reuse of software modules. GIS function can be developed based on MapGIS component library on the GIS component development platform so it can realize the function of the subsystem integration. As a result of three-layer model and component technology development applications can be shared most of the application components and build the foundation for debugging testing integration deployment application in system functional modules development. 4 System architecture System design for the three-tier architecture the presentation layer business layer and data layer. Presentation layer shows the functionality informatrols and non-spatial data to create and maintain spatial and non spatial index. Store and manage data tion and user interaction of the system through the graphical user interface. Business layer is a key layer of performance of the system including GIS General foundation framework special functional modules is the performance of the system through the graphical user interface provides the functionality information and user interaction the calling and integration a- mong functional modules through the interface between the calling and integration. Three-tier system architecture system is an open standardized structure effectively reducing the coupling among the system modules increases the value of the relevant code reuse is also flexible and easy to extend the application of system functions application maintenance. The framework of the entire system hierarchy shown in Fig. 3 1 Presentation layer The presentation layer directly faces to the customer provides spatial data and information visualization function running the Windows operating systems. The client can also connect to the application service layer and use application services of service layer then application services can repeatedly connect with data services layer to access or update data in the database that is constituting a three-tier structure. Desktop client can also obtain or update data in the database connecting directly with the data services layer and complete a full analysis of operations that is forming a typical two-tier structure 2 Business layer Application service layer is achieving the following functions to provide spatial data management and consistency maintenance multi-source data integration to establish the association among different types of data relationships such as the relationship between spatial metadata and spatial data to provide a variety of analytical processing function. 3 Data layer The data services layer is constituted by the spatial database engine and large commercial database can be used to establish spatial database for storage management and maintenance of various types of con- services layer the following types of data spatial data borehole data the data field area and into the
186 Wei X. G. Liu C. Zhang Y. et al. Fig. 3 Total frame of management system of oil shale databases maps the document reports pictures and so on. 5 Conclusions 1 Established a core of drilling data and other types of data associated oil shale management data model. 2 Oil shale resource evaluation system includes a database management system unified distributed heterogeneous data storage management data visualization and editing resource evaluation and professional thematic mapping and other functions. 3 The system selects the mainstream database as the database management system in order to realize data integration storage network sharing distributed processing and to solve spatial data and nonspatial data management problems. References Barrell K A. 2000. GIS The exporation and exploitation tool geo-graphic information systems in petroleum exploration and development. AAPG Computer Applications in Geology 4 237-248. Chen J Gong P. 1998. Practical geographic information system. Beijing Science Press 1-18. Fan J W. 2010. Oil shale assessment based on ArcGIS-a case from the Green River Formation Piceance Basin doctor's degree thesis. Beijing China University of Geosciences. Fu X D Zhang J Q Wang Y P et al. 2006. Oil and gas resources spatial distribution and quantitative evaluation system based on the grids and GIS and its application. Geological Science and Technology Information 25 5 69-74. Hou X L. 1984. Oil shale industry of China. Beijing Petroleum Industry Press 1-28. in Chinese Liu Z J Dong Q S Ye S Q et al. 2006. The situation of oil shale resources in China. Journal of Jilin University Earth Science Edition 36 6 869-876. in Chinese with English abstract Shi D Chen J Zhu Q. 2004. Oil-gas reservoir evaluation based on GIS. Geomatics And Information Science of Wuhan University 29 7 592-596. Song L H Wu X C Luo Z W. 1998. Oil and gas resources assessment based on graphic database of geographic information system. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences 23 4 365-368. Wang S Y Xu J P Wang Z H. 1992. Present state of China's oil shale development and utilization. Geological Economy of China 2 16-19. Wei X H. 2009. The design and main functions' realization of global oil-gas information system based on GIS doctor's degree thesis. Shenyang Liaoning Technical University. Wu D S Zhu X L Liu S H et al. 2005. Multiple-discipline research on hydrocarbon reservoirs based on Geographic Information System GIS. Petroleum Exploration and Development 32 5 86-90. Zhao L Y Chen J N Wang T S. 1990. Matter component and industrial original classification of Chinese oil shale. Wuhan China University of Geoseienees Press 1-80.