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TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF COMPUTER TECHNIQUES TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ENVIROSOFT X CONFERENCE CHAIRMEN G. Latini G. Passerini C.A. Brebbia Wessex Institute of Technology, UK INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE R Barber J C Chang A L A Fraaij J Metivier V Popov P Prochazka A Rana S-C Yeh M Zakikhani Organised by Wessex Institute of Technology, UK and
Development and Application of Computer Techniques to Environmental Studies X EDITORS G. Latini G. Passerini C.A. Brebbia Wessex Institute of Technology, UK
G. Latini G. Passerini C.A. Brebbia Wessex Institute of Technology, UK Published by WIT Press Ashurst Lodge, Ashurst, Southampton, SO40 7AA, UK Tel: 44 (0) 238 029 3223; Fax: 44 (0) 238 029 2853 E-Mail: witpress@witpress.com http://www.witpress.com For USA, Canada and Mexico Computational Mechanics Inc 25 Bridge Street, Billerica, MA 01821, USA Tel: 978 667 5841; Fax: 978 667 7582 E-Mail: infousa@witpress.com http://www.witpress.com British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A Catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 1-85312-718-3 ISSN: 1462-6098 The texts of the papers in this volume were set individually by the authors or under their supervision. Only minor corrections to the text may have been carried out by the publisher. No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher, the Editors and Authors for any injury and/ or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. WIT Press 2004. Printed in Great Britain by Biddles, King s Lynn. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publisher.
Preface This book gathers the papers submitted for the Tenth International Conference on Development and Application of Computer Techniques to Environmental Studies, held at Ancona, Italy, on June 2-4, 2004. The conference was organised by Wessex Institute of Technology, Southampton, UK and by the Polytechnic University of Marche. The wide range of issues and the heterogeneity of contributors testify the in-depth penetration of computing into the scientific world. The First Envirosoft Conference took place in 1986 in California, one of the few places in the world, at that time, where environmental concern and computer techniques were of major importance. Nowadays, software tools are spreading into our lives, computing power makes it easy to implement models and the amount of information available is increasing more and more. In this regard, two issues are still open; modelling at the local level, especially in complex areas, and global issues. Practical and economical aspects make difficult the application of computer techniques to local concerns, particularly in less developed countries. Software tools and models conceived and developed by scientists, are usually brilliant for their modelling capabilities but often cumbersome in terms of interface, input/output, and documentation. This makes it difficult and expensive to apply them in their commercial versions. This is why availability and applicability of software are still major concerns. This book includes papers that confirm the necessity of software specialized for local, small scale, issues. The specialisation of computer techniques they present testifies to the necessity of robust models to be applied to key issues. Global issues, on the other hand, still lack several certainties and offer many possibilities for old-style number crunching. New techniques suitable for environmental software such as Genetic Algorithms and Neural Networks, are still under development and many improvements are expected in the near future. The editors of this book are grateful to authors for their qualified contributions and to the International Scientific Committee members for their continuous help and for their efforts in refereeing papers. They hope that Envirosoft meetings will keep contributing to the dissemination of modelling knowledge throughout scientific community. The editors Ancona, 2004
Contents Section 1: Environmental management and decision analysis A software set for environment monitoring networks G. Zappalà... 3 Optimal set for monitoring the environment in Estonia neighbourhood analysis A. Roose... 13 The Environment Impact Factor (EIF) for produced water discharges a tool for reducing environmental impacts H. Rye, M. Reed, M. Kristin Ditlevsen, S. Berntsen & E. Garpestad... 23 Electromagnetic field evaluation by means of standard algorithms and cartographic data: broadcast case into the urban environment V. Ferrara & C. M. Ottavi... 33 A decision support system for sustainable tourism: the SFIDA project E. Laniado, A. Cappiello, F. Cellina, R. Cerioli, K. Hernandez & A. Laghi... 43 Mine stockpile design to minimise environmental impact J. E. Everett... 53 Approaches to modelling herbivore induced woodland grassland transitions K. Duffy... 63 Section 2: Environmental impact assessment Environmental impact assessment of selected explosives using field techniques, analytical laboratory and numerical models M. Zakikhani, D. W. Harrelson, J. C. Pennington, J. M. Brannon, M. K. Corcoran, J. Clark & W. A. Sniffen... 71
EDEN: software to calculate the dose rate of energy for the non-human biota, due to the presence of radionuclides in the environment K. Beaugelin-Seiller, F. Jasserand, J. Garnier-Laplace & J. C. Gariel... 87 The water production and the lost forest in the El Quelite river basin, México M. E. Preciado J., A. I. Ramírez O. & A. R. Ocón G... 97 Section 3: Air, water and soil pollution The influence of the LAI growing value during the vegetative period on the changing anti-erosion efficiency of some crops K. Klima... 105 Coupled scale and numerical modeling of soil and water pollution P. Procházka & V. Doležel... 115 Pollution flushing models in Stella S. Mecca, C. Severino & R. Barber... 125 A mathematical model for predicting the flushing characteristics and pollution susceptibility of Centerport Harbor, New York R. W. Barber & M. J. Wearing... 135 Results of atmospheric dispersion model for the localization of a MSW incinerator E. Brizio, G. Genon & M. Poggio... 147 Usage of advanced biological kinetic models in sizing wastewater biological treatment reactors W. Elshorbagy & A. Arwani... 157 Water pollution in the Rio Conchos of northern Mexico H. Rubio Arias, K. Wood & H. E. Alanis... 167 Study of fungal contamination of indoor public swimming pools in Uromia, Iran H. Nanbakhsh, K. Diba & K. Hazarty... 177 Natural Attenuation Software (NAS): a computer program for estimating remediation times of contaminated groundwater E. Mendez, M. Widdowson, S. Brauner, F. Chapelle & C. Casey... 185 Author Index... 195