THE FUTURE OF THE TURKISH AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY Erkan GOZGOZOGLU Head of Aquaculture Department Hayri DENIZ Director of Mariculture Section Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs erkan.gozgozoglu@tarim.gov.tr hayri.deniz@tarim.gov.tr
AQUACULTURE POTANTIAL Resources Numbers Area (ha) Natural Lakes 200 906.118 Dam Lakes 206 342.377 Man-made Lakes 952 27.032 Seas (total surface) 4 24.607.200 TOTAL 1.362 26.000.000 Additional, 33 rivers 177.000 km in length and coastal line 8.333 km Turkey has 2nd longest coast line in the Mediterranean
FISHERIES PRODUCTION IN 1999-2008 Year Total Production (mt) Aquaculture (mt) Contribution of Aquaculture (%) 1999 636,824 63,000 9.89 2000 582,376 79,031 13.57 2001 594,977 67,244 11.30 2002 627,847 61,165 9.74 2003 587,715 79,943 13.60 2004 644,492 94,010 14.59 2005 544,773 118,277 21.71 2006 661.991 128,943 19.47 2007 772.323 139,873 18.11 2008 646,310 152,186 24.00
CONTRIBUTION OF AQUACULTURE IN FISHERIES IN 2008 Aquaculture; 24% Aquaculture; 44 Fishery; 56 Fishery; 76% Volume Value
AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION BY SUB-GROUPS IN 2008 Inland Aquaculture Trout Carp Marine Aquaculture Trout Sea bream Sea bass Mussels Other TOTAL 66.557 mt 65.928 629 85.629 mt 2.721 31.670 49.270 196 1.772 152.186 mt
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION BY PROVINCES
AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION BY SPECIES IN 2008 Trout 68.649 mt 45% Sea bass 49.270 mt 32% Sea bream 31.670 mt 21% Others 2.597 mt 2%
FISH FARM NUMBERS AND CAPACITIES IN 2009 Farm type Number Capacity (tons/year) Inland fish farms 1.499 104.629 Marine fish farms 356 134.121 TOTAL 1.855 238.750
AQUACULTURE GROWTH TREND IN THE PAST DECADE
AQUACULTURE TRADE IN THE PAST DECADE (million $) 450 400 414 350 300 304 250 244 260 Export 200 214 Import 150 100 50 0 155 123 121 99 98 89 85 74 70 55 31 38 33 12 19 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
PROGRESS ACHIEVED IN AQUACULTURE In recent 5 years, the increase on aquaculture production, production capacities and production values were 18 %, 300 %, 110 %, respectively. Turkey now has a 25 % share of the European sea bream and sea bass market, and plays an active role in the development of regional policies. Majority of the fish production, being the only animal product exported into EU countries in Turkey. Turkey is the 3rd fastest growing country in the World in the aquaculture. Turkey has occupied first place in trout production among European countries. Approximately 25.000 people are employed in the sector. Latest developments in the aquaculture sector place Turkey in an important position both in the Mediterranean basin and among the EU countries.
AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS Intensive production in cages (sea bass, sea bream, trout ) Intensive production in raceways and fiberglass tanks (trout, sea bass, sea bream,and turbot) Semi-intensive production in earthen ponds and man-made lakes (sea bass, sea bream, carp, trout and large trout) Re-circulation system (sea bass, sea bream and turbot) Extensive production in lagoons
DIVERSFICATION OF AQUACULTURE Sturgeon Black sea trout Trout spp. Eel Red sea bream Common dentex White grouper Sharp-snout bream Brown meagre White sea bream Total : 23 species Sturgeon Sharp -snout bream Black Sea Turbot Common dentex Brown meagre Red sea bream
TUNA FATTENING There are 6 blue-fin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) farms in operation in 2007 with a total capacity of 6.300 tones.
FRY SUPLY There are currently 17 marine hatcheries with a total production capacity of 348 million fry per annum, one of them belongs to government Almost all freshwater fish farms rely on their own fry production One government hatchery operating in inland water for stock enhancement (mostly carp sp.) Mainly, marine hatcheries are using the recirculation technology
NGO s Aquaculture Association Fish Farmer Association Fish Promotion Association Fisheries Foundation Producer Organizations (14) Central Producer Organization
PRIORITIES Implementation of environmentally sustainable aquaculture practice Implementation ecosystem approach management Integration of aquaculture into coastal zone management Environmental monitoring of fish farms Increase diversity in species for aquaculture and restocking Improve market channels Developing of organic aquaculture Conservation of endangered species Improve the international cooperation
ACTIVITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Effective participation of international organisations and activities FAO OECD ICCAT EIFAC JICA EUROFISH GFCM Carrying out projects as a national, regional and international level Development Project of Balkans and Central Asian Countries ( FAO SEC) The Project on Culture and Stock and Enhancement of Sturgeon (TCP FAO) Flatfish Culture Project (JICA) Developing a Roadmap for Turkish Marine Aquaculture Site Selection and Zoning Using an Ecosystem Approach to Management ( FAO TCP) National Project on Determination of Environmental Impacts of Fish Farm to the Marine Ecosystem Allocating new zones for aquaculture Mugla Izmir Aydın Mersin Putting in force new legislations/measures and updating the current ones National Marine Aquaculture Development Plan (NMADP) Aquaculture Legislation was amended and aligned with EU regulations including fish welfare in 2009 Notifications related site selection and monitoring for fish farms were put into effect 2007 and 2009 respectively.
FUTURE AIMS Production 2010 200.000 ton 2023 600.000 ton Export 2010 500 million US $ 2023 1 billion US $ Consumption 2013 10.3 kg (SPO target)
CONCLUSIONS World total fisheries production was 159 million mt and 40% comes from aquaculture in 2008. Aquaculture is most growing food production sector in the World and Turkey in the past decade. Turkey has great potential for aquaculture developments with inland and marine resources. Total fisheries production in 2008 was 646,310 mt and contribution of aquaculture was 24% as a volume, and 44% as a value in total fisheries production. There are 1.885 fish farms in 2009 with 238,756 mt per year including 1,499 inland fish farms and 356 marine fish farms in Turkey.
CONCLUSIONS (Cont.) Although it is very young, there have been showed very important improvements in aquaculture sector: In 2002-2008, the increase on aquaculture production, as a volume was 149%. Turkey now has a 25 % share of the European sea bream and sea bass market. Turkey is the 3rd fastest growing country in the World in the aquaculture. Turkey has occupied first place in trout production among European countries. Approximately 25.000 people are employed in the sector. Latest developments in the aquaculture sector place Turkey in an important position both in the Mediterranean basin and among the EU countries
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