The 2 nd European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning A Media Theoretical Approach to Technology Enhanced Learning in Non-Technical Disciplines, and Sissi, Greece, 19 th of September 2007 I5-SCKl-0907-1/19
Agenda I5-SCKl-0907-2/19 Motivation - Communities of Practice in Non-Technical Disciplines - Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) in Non-Technical Disciplines Media-centric TEL in Communities - Theory of Transcriptivity - SECI-Model (Socialization Externalization Combination Internalization) Information System Support for Media-centric TEL - A media theory for computer science - TEL-Services based on a Lightweight Application Server (LAS) Virtual Campfire: TEL-Services applied - Transcription Collaborative Content Creation - Formalized Localization Episodic Knowledge in non-linear Stories - Addressing Contextualized Multimedia Presentations Conclusions and Outlook
Communities of Practice (CoPs) in Non-Technical Disciplines Characteristics of CoPs [Wenger 1998] in Non-Technical Disciplines (e.g. the Cultural Sciences) - Collaboration in the Scope of a (Research)-Project - Legitimate Peripheral Participation - Limited financial Resources for Computer Scientific Support Typical Working Practices - Recontextualization of Artifacts based on the underlying Theory Comparison, Discussion und Commenting von Archives Applicable Opinion to be discussed in a specific Context Keeping Discourse going on, not deciding true/false - Work on Terminology based on evolutionary Categorizations - Individual Modifications of Multimedia Contents (Variations) - Creation of Reference Collections Fluid Archive I5-SCKl-0907-3/19
Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) in Non-Technical Disciplines I5-SCKl-0907-4/19 How does Learning take place? - Partition of scientific Disciplines based on Snow: The Two Cultures [1959] - Linear: Model Natural Sciences and Engineering Sciences Old Knowledge is replaces by new Knowledge Medial Artifacts disappear in the Archive, but remain quotable Knowledge is transported - Non-linear: Model Cultural Sciences and Humanities New Knowledge emerges from the Discourses about old Knowledge Medial Artifacts are kept in dynamic Archives Knowledge is medial illustrated How to support the non-linear Model of Knowledge Organization and Creation by means of Information Systems? Combining: Operational Media Theory and Knowledge Management Theory
Theory of Transcriptivity Media Operations - Transcription: Improving readability and making sense of Pre-Texts - Addressing: Transforming unaddressed Information in addressed Messages - Localization: Adopting Media to local Practices Interleaved Media Operations Interdependencies Multimedia Content Community Context not systematized Pre-Texts inter- resp. intra-media Transcription Transcript I5-SCKl-0907-5/19 Transkribieren Medien/Lektüre [Jäger, Stanitzek 02] understanding & critique
Refined SECI-Model Combination of western and asian Knowledge Theories Continuous Knowledge Transformation: Individual Community Media Operations and Security Aspects disregarded implicit Knowledge Transformation into explicit Knowledge implicit Knowledge Transformation from explicit Knowledge Socialization procedural Internalization declarative Externalization declarative Combination semantic episodic I5-SCKl-0907-6/19 The Knowledge Creating Company [Nonaka & Takeuchi 95] The Declarative/ Procedural Model [Ullman 2004]
A Media Theoretical Approach to TEL Synthesis of Theory of Transcriptivity and SECI-Model Focus on Media-theoretic Aspects in Knowledge Organization and Creation Pre-Texts Externalization: Transcription Transcript Socialization: practical Localization Combination: formal Localization I5-SCKl-0907-7/19 Transcript in Context Internalization: Addressing EC-TEL 2007 [Spaniol et al.]
TEL-Services based on a Lightweight Application Server (LAS) LAS Components HTTP Web-Interface (JSP, PHP, etc.) LAS Services Connectors SOAP Java- Application Other Clients I5-SCKl-0907-8/19 Session-/Security-/User-Management Other Protocols I-Know 2006 [Spaniol et al.] ICWL 2007 [Spaniol et al.] Key Features : - 3-Tier Architecture - Java based Implementation - Connectors - Access Control on Service- and Object-Level - Components (internal) - MPEG-7/21 compliant Multimedia-Services - Services (internal & external) - Extension and Replacement of Services at Runtime
Access Control in LAS Connector Client LAS Server Connector LAS Service 1 Invoke method M of service S Check Access Rights Client 1.E AccessDeniedException 1.1 Instantiate S, if necessary 1.2 Call M on S Server 1.2E1 LASServiceException 1.2E2 LASException 1.2E1a SecurityException 1.3 Return result 1.4 Transmit result I5-SCKl-0907-9/19 Relevant Data - Users / Agents - Groups (hierarchical ordered) - Security Objects (e.g. Multimedia Artifacts) Access Right Management - Permissions / Prohibitions - Roles (Method Level) - Access Control Lists (Object Level)
MPEG-7-Services in LAS i5.las.dbcomponent MPEG-7-Database LAS Service i5.las.api LAS-DB-Connector <<connection>> exist 1 IBM DB2 Version 8 Oracle 10g i5.atlas.las.service.mpeg7 1 org.apache.xmlbeans MPEG-7-Service <<import>> <<import>> i5.atlas.las.service.mpeg7.highlevelservice mpeg.mpeg7.schema.2001 MPEG-7-HighLevelService ServiceStarter MPEG-7-HighLevelServiceStarter I5-SCKl-0907-10/19 Key Features: - MPEG-7 compliant Creation, Retrieval, Update, Deletion and Validation of Contents - Persistency based on a MPEG-7 XML-Database (IBM, Oracle, exist) - Automatic MPEG-7-Binding via Apache XMLBeans
Multimedia Management in LAS LAS 4.? FTP Server Media Service Session-/Security-/Session-Management HTTP-Connector 5. Or 3. 6. 2. 1.? Client I5-SCKl-0907-11/19 Key Features: - Media Management via associated Community-FTP-Server - LAS Access Control
LAS-Summary Community Support - Java Platform Independence - Easy to Maintain and Extend at Runtime - Core Services for Community-Administration - Fine-grained Access Control Method Level Object Level Security-First -Concept Platform for Community-Hosting TEL Support - Interoperable (Multimedia) Metadata - Cross-Community Support by MPEG-7/21 Compliance - Automatic Conversion to/from Dublin Core Schema-compliant MPEG-7/21 Modifications via XMLBeans I5-SCKl-0907-12/19 Better Community and Multimedia Support than comparable Application Server such as Tomcat or Zope/Plone
Virtual Campfire TEL-Services applied Support of an International Community of Researchers in order to Preserve the Afghan Cultural Heritage by: - Exchange of Multimedia Artifacts - Protection of geo-spatial Data of unauthorized access (e.g. Tomb Raiders) - Recontextualization Multimedia Contents via non-linear Stories - MPEG-7 based semantic Multimedia Annotations I5-SCKl-0907-13/19 ICWL 2006: [Spaniol et al.] Knowledge Management Strategies 2007: [Spaniol et al.]
Transcription Collaborative Content Creation I5-SCKl-0907-14/19 Creation & Management: - Media Collections - Metadata - Media Variations Collaborative Indexing based on: - Free Text Annotations (a lá Flickr) - Semantic MPEG-7 Basetypes Agent Event Concept Object Place Time State
Formalized Localization Episodic Knowledge in non-linear Stories Mapping Structured of Access (Sub)-Problems to Begin- Contents of the to Multimedia Middle- Archive Artifacts End-Sequences I5-SCKl-0907-15/19 Illustration of episodic Knowledge - Modeling of non-linear Stories based on Movement Oriented Design (MOD) [Sharda 2005]; Cooperation with Victoria Universität Melbourne, Australia - Decomposition of Stories according to a Problem-Hierarchy - Recall of semantic high-quality Metadata on Multimedia Artifacts
Addressing Contextualized Multimedia Presentations Optional Successor- Sequences Currently selected Artifact MPEG-7 based Annotations Free Text Annotations I5-SCKl-0907-16/19 Non-linear Access Sequences in multimedia Stories, i.e. Success vs. Failure depending on Access Sequence Context Information via Multimedia Annotations
Virtual Campfire Experiences I5-SCKl-0907-17/19 Evaluated by - Researchers at the Chair of Urban History, RWTH Aachen - Working Group of Prof. Nalin Sharda at Victoria University Melbourne, Australia Positive Aspects - Combination of semantic and episodic Knowledge in TEL by non-linear Multimedia Stories - MOD-Structure serves as Guideline for the creation of useful Stories - Web 2.0 alike Participation Usage of MPEG-7 - Folksonomies based on MPEG-7 semantic Basetypes - MPEG-7 Basetypes used for geo-spatial and spatio-temporal Descriptions - Semantic search by regular Expressions Annotations with MPEG-7 Basetypes increase the Data Quality Open Issues - Application on mobile end Devices (e.g. usage of MPEG-21) - User modeling (e.g. by use of IMS LIP or IEEE PAPI)
Conclusions Experiences in using Virtual Campfire in non-technical Disciplines - A media theory for Computer Science as a Model of Knowledge Organization and Creation in TEL - TEL-Services allow an evolutionary Service Development Easy to Maintain and Extend at Runtime Core Services for Community-Administration - Interoperability via MPEG-7/21 Compliance Dedicated MPEG-7-Services Platform for TEL in non-technical Disciplines I5-SCKl-0907-18/19 Transfer of Results in different Application Domains - Entrepreneurial Training (VEL Virtual Entrepreneurship Lab) - Plastics Technology (TRAMP T.ool for R.epresentation & A.nnotation of M.ultimedia Content in P.lastics Engineering)
Outlook Further Development of Virtual Campfire towards mobile Community-Hosting in the research cluster on "Ultra High-Speed Mobile Information and Communication (UMIC)" - GPS-Embedding - Mobile End Devices - Location Awareness Conceptual Enhancements - Graphical Editors for User Interface Design in Communities - Modeling of Media Usage based on the Actor-Network-Theory - Analysis of Agency and Patienthood Phenomena in Communities Informatik 5 RWTH Aachen University 2007 I5-SCKl-0907-19/19