BSL Level 3 Gary L Taylor Lesson 9 1
1. Mock exam for Learning Outcome 1 Results & feedback Mock exam 2
2. Mock exam for Learning Outcome 1 Signed communication that is not BSL Must be something that uses signs Not an alternative international language equivalent Verb types Salute plain Sell plain Deliver agreement Mock exam information 3
3. Mock exam for Learning Outcome 1 Sign Types in BSL are: Frozen/established Productive Indexical Numbers Name signs Fingerspelling Sign types may also be one handed, two handed, connect with body etc. Mock exam information part 2 4
What is Linguistics? Linguistics is the study of languages Sociolinguistics is about family, educational aspects, social, ethnicity, and regional areas in language Historical Linguistics is about the history of languages and how they have changed over time. Linguistics 5
Is BSL a real human language? BSL has a grammar, like English its rules are very different and in some ways are more flexible, but it still has got a grammar. BSL sign order is different from English word order, but it still has its own rules of sign order. BSL 6
BSL has a lexicon (vocabulary) as good as English. The lexicon is not as big, but the size of the lexicon is not as important as being able to say what is necessary BSL part 2 7
History of sign language in schools Much of the development of BSL and in any international sign language has taken place in the context of the history of sign language in education settings and in the changing approaches towards education of Deaf children. History of Sign Language 8
BSL Linguistics has formally been developed in response to the need to understand learning and language requirements of Deaf children in education. Note: History homework to be included as a whole, anonymous document on the website History of Sign Language 9
Last lesson Learning Outcome 2: Know a range of sign language sentence structures. Applying signs and set phrases in varied work or social situations: Describe features used in negation Describe the types of BSL question forms Define classifiers and describe how they function Last lesson 10
Give examples of connectives that will add fluency to the structure of a sentence Connectives 11
Classifiers recap 3 types of classifier: Entity classifiers used to represent objects Handling classifiers mimics an action Tracing classifier traces the shape of an object Classifiers recap 12
Mock exam for Learning Outcome 2 Refer to written paper 20 minutes Mock exam 2 13
Unit BSL320 Sign Linguistics Knowledge Learning Outcome 3: Understand a range of BSL structures, facial expressions, mouth patterns and use of space to express meaning. Unit 320 L/O 3 14
Understand a range of BSL structures, facial expressions, mouth patterns and use of space to express meaning: Explain the difference between formal and informal registers when addressing a) different audiences and different topics of conversation, b) the difference between signing to adults and signing to children BSL structures 15
Explain the types and meaning of signing space and how they contribute to the meaning of words or statements Describe how the following can contribute to the meaning of words or statements a) mouth patterns, b) facial expression, c) eye contact Give examples of gestures used in English and BSL BSL structures 16
Formal and informal signing Informal signing Space used tends to be larger Contains less fingerspelling Uses more variety of non manual features Lexicon may include signs only appropriate for informal conversation May include more gestures Formal and Informal 17
Formal and informal signing Group exercise: In small groups, have an informal conversation on any topic duration 5 minutes. At the end, note down the examples used of the features of that informal conversation. Group exercise 18
Group work Group exercise In small groups, have an informal conversation on any topic duration 5 minutes. At the end, note down the examples used of the features of that informal conversation. 19
Group work Group exercise: In small groups, re-create the conversation, switching to a formal style 5 minutes. At the end, note down the differences. 20
Registers & social variation Different social groups will use language in different styles and in different registers. In groups, identify what may be different in terms of register for the following social groups: Registers 21
Class Age Gender Ethnic variation Religious groups Registers 22
Registers & social variation Social situations will use registers based on: The topic of conversation The reason for the conversation The people who make up the conversation Registers based on: 23
The register will also vary based on: Whether signing to one person, small or large group When signing to a child When signing to someone who does not sign well Whether the situation is formal or informal Register 24
Group work Registers & age Differences are often greater between ages in sign language than spoken English. In groups, identify reasons for this and features of the differences 5 minutes 25
Registers & age 3 main factors affecting differences: Few Deaf people have Deaf parents so rarely learn to sign from their parents Educational changes for Deaf people acceptability of signing in educational settings Registers & age 26
As technology changes, old signs die out or change Examples: Older people tend to use more fingerspelling Younger Deaf people tend to use more mouth patterns Registers & age - 2 27
Signing Space There are two types of signing space in BSL Linguistics: Topographic space Syntactic space (Sutton Spence and Woll 1999) The signing space is exactly the same but used in 2 different ways. Signing Space 28
Topographic space Recreates a map of the real world e.g. when a shopping area is described in BSL things are placed in signing space according to where they are in relation to other things. If a church is opposite a post office and the post office is next to a hairdressers, then each is placed in their location within the signing space. Topographic space 29
If the signs for these things are placed incorrectly or not placed at all topographically, then it is grammatically incorrect. English does not need this spatial information from its speakers. Topographic space - 2 30
Syntactic space Uses grammatical structures which move in space between grammatically defined points. This puts two ideas together to create a visual image of what is happening even though they are not actually there. Syntactic space 31
An example would be I gave my sister an apple. In this scenario, the signer would place the sister in the signing space and give the apple (with an agreement/directional verb). The sister does not actually need to be where the signer placed her in the sentence. Syntactic space 32
Group work 33
Placement and referents in signing space Placement: Enables the setting up of information in a visual way and is used in both forms of signing space. Placement 34
Referents: Once an object/person has been placed in space, it can be used as a reference by pointing to it and interacting with it with directional verbs. Referents 35
Group work Signing space In small groups, hold a conversation in which each person uses an alternative signing space to describe a scenario, making a change in register each time, explaining the reason for the change in register. 36
Non manual features Non manual features in BSL are a hugely important part of conveying language and a formal aspect of BSL Linguistics. Key elements of non manual features include: Mouth patterns Facial expression Role shift, including eye contact Head nods & head shakes N.M.F 37
Group work Mouth patterns In groups, try to identify different ways that mouth patterns are used. 38
Mouth patterns Spoken components in signs often a considerable use of spoken components in BSL, used to establish a sign, usually a noun and a name or a place. Examples please. e.g. table, name, wine Mouth patterns 39
Spoken components with first letter signs may are derived from the first letter of finger spelled English words, often have accompanying spoken components to make the meaning clearer. Examples please. e.g. garage, mother, Monday, Father First letter signs 40
Mouth patterns continued Mouth movements sometimes there are mouth patterns which have visual components as part of a sign enacting process. Examples please. e.g. bite, laugh, sip Mouth movements 41
Parallel mouth signs used to be called multi-channel signs. The movement of the mouth parallels the movement of the hands. Examples please. e.g. really, gobsmacked, nodding Adverbs with mouth patterns often give extra information. E.g. large, unpleasant, small Parallel mouth & Adverbs 42
Facial expression Actions of cheeks, brows, eyelids and eye gaze are all important parts of facial expression and are used to achieve a number of things: Mark questions examples please. Vocabulary examples please. Topics examples please. Show emotional state examples please. Facial expression 43
Role Shift 44
The Body used to show the identity of a chosen character or entity can be used left to right, forward to back. Can be large or subtle. Character style show the character through signing style e.g. age, physicality. Example: an old frail person who needs support to walk would have a different body posture to an athlete. Use movement and facial expression to show this. Role shift 45
Role Shift Eye Gaze orientations are an essential part of role shifts. They are used mostly in conjunction with other character markers. Once the signer has taken the role of a character, the signers eye gaze can also represent the eye gaze of the character. E.g. a character looks down, the signer looks down. Role Shift - 2 46
Role Shift Eye gaze has very important uses in BSL: It is part of the sign e.g. God In conjunction with location and movement of referents in space e.g. eyes follow movement of a ball through the air between people. To indicate role shift e.g. looking down when talking to a child Role Shift 3 (a) 47
For distinguishing false questions and genuine questions To invite someone else to sign For marking time Role Shift 3 (b) 48
Role Shift Head nods and head shakes head nods are used to mean yes and are a hugely important aspects of showing feedback and engagement in a conversation. The number of nods, the speed of them and the intensity are all important features and convey linguistic meaning. Head shakes show negation or express emotion. Role Shift - 4 49
Group exercise Role Shift Tell stories to each other in small groups using role shift with varying features, paying attention to how you use an eye gaze. 50
Gestures Signs can be joined together into sentences according to grammatical rules of BSL. Gestures cannot be combined into grammatical forms or sentences. Some gestures are used by hearing people and also in BSL e.g. shrug. Examples?... Gestures 51
Any questions? 52
Homework Revise, revise and revise!! Use reference sources and build a record of reference source that you use and what you have used them for. Recommended: Linguistics of BSL DVD Linguistics of BSL book use the quizzes at the end of the sections. Study the history work on the website. Brief mock exam next class Homework 53
See you on next lesson Thursday 17 th July 2014 at 6pm 9pm 54