The Australia China Strategic Education Landscape Cathryn Hlavka Christopher Lawson Australian Embassy 10 April 2014
Session outline The role of the Department of Education in China Overview of the education relationship The Strategic Education Landscape
Chinese students abroad
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Insert header Growth in Chinese students studying overseas 1,800,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 Source: Ministry of Education Total Chinese students studying overseas New Chinese students studying overseas
Growth in Chinese students studying overseas (percentage terms) 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: Ministry of Education
40% Proportion of Chinese students studying by destination 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 US Japan Australia UK Source: OECD Education at a Glance (various years)
100,000 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 Chinese enrolments in Australia by sector 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Higher Education ELICOS VET Schools Non-award Source: Department of Education
50,000 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 Chinese commencements in Australia by sector 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Higher Education ELICOS VET Non-award Schools Source: Department of Education
Chinese student visa lodgements and grants 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Lodgements Grants Source: Department of Immigration and Border Protection
Growth in Chinese VET commencements by year 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% -10% -20% -30% -40% 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Government Non-government Source: Department of Education
80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% -10% -20% -30% Growth in Chinese higher education commencements by year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: Department of Education Government Non-government
20,000 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Chinese higher education commencements by level 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Bachelor Degree Masters Degree (Coursework) Research Source: Department of Education
Broad field of education for Chinese bachelor and Masters coursework commencements 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Management and Commerce STEM Society and Culture Source: Department of Education
80% Broad field of education for Chinese research commencements 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 STEM Society and Culture Health Source: Department of Education
International students in China
International students studying in China 400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 Data not available 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Korea USA Japan Source: Ministry of Education
Australian students studying in China 2011 2012 2013 MOE data n.a. 3,246 3,386 AUIDF data 2,009 2,145 n.a. 2010 UNESCO 2012 AUIDF United States ~3,250 3,672 New Zealand ~3,000 ~700 United Kingdom ~1,600 2,115 Sources: Ministry of Education, Australian University International Directors Forum, UNESCO
Australian institution links with China
900 Australian university links with foreign universities 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 2003 2007 2009 2012 China (Inc. Hong Kong and Macau) USA Germany Source: Universities Australia
900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Type of Australian university links with China 2003 2007 2009 2012 Academic/Research Collaboration Staff Exchange Student Exchange Study Abroad Source: Universities Australia
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Insert header Growth in MoE approved joint venture higher education programs with Australia 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Source: Ministry of Education
US UK Source: Ministry of Education Australia Russia Ireland Korea Germany France Canada Belarus Danmark Finland HK Holland India Italy NZ Poland Singapore Spain Ukraine Insert header New joint venture higher education programs -2013 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
China-Australia Joint Programs/Institutions Province Joint Programs Joint Institutions Total 139 3 142 (139 programs + 3 institutions) Beijing 17 0 17 Jiangsu 14 1 15 Heilongjiang 13 0 13 Zhejiang 11 0 11 Shandong 13 0 13 Hubei 10 0 10 Shanghai 9 1 10 Liaoning 9 1 10 Henan 9 0 9 Tianjin 8 0 8 Jilin 5 0 5 Inner Mongolia 4 0 4 Yunnan 3 0 3 Jiangxi 3 0 3 Chongqing 3 0 3 Guangdong 2 0 2 Guangxi 2 0 2 Sichuan 1 0 1 Hunan 1 0 1 Shaanxi 1 0 1 Hebei 1 0 1 Source: Ministry of Education
MoE approved joint venture programs by country Country Joint ventures United Kingdom 227 (9 + 218) United States 187 (11 + 176) Australia 142 (3 + 139) Russia 113 Canada 60 (3 + 57) Germany 49 (8 + 41) France 40 (5 + 35) Korea 39 (2 + 37) Total 1011 (55 + 956) Source: Ministry of Education
Australia-China joint cooperative programs and joint schools as at April 2014 Cooperative program type Number Joint higher education schools 3 Joint programs bachelor level and above 139 Tertiary education diploma 211 Non-award 31 Secondary Vocational 16 High School 12 Kindergarten 1 Source: Ministry of Education
Strategic education landscape
Education reforms Endorsed by the Third Plenum of the 18th Chinese Communist Party Congress late 2013 Premier Li Keqiang s Report on the Work of the Government at the Second Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress in March Accelerating the development of education, health, culture and other social programs Ministry of Education s National Education Working Meeting and work priorities for 2014
Reform Areas Promote equality in education balanced development of compulsory education more education resources for central and western regions and rural areas teachers quality in rural area 10-percent increase in the number of students from impoverished rural areas attending the country's top universities build standardized public schools removal of school classifications - key or non-key institutions
Reforms effective spending on education greater autonomy of school administration to institutions more powers to provincial-level education authorities and develop mechanism for talents cultivation - to develop world class universities an employment-oriented modern vocational education system reform and development of pre-school, special education and further education Encouraging the private schools sectors reform on the examination and admission systems international education and cooperation
Gaokao Reform National reform plan Introduction of new skills based Gaokao How and what to examine fewer subjects uniform examination English test undertaken by recognised language test providers student admission: based on student s Gaokao result, 3-year high school academic tests result and comprehensive quality strengthening administration
Expanding international cooperation Optimise the disciplines and regional distribution of Chinaforeign joint programs and institutions New regulations on recruitment and education for international students and part time work by international students Encourage quality Chinese higher education institutions to set up offshore campus/programs Involve social organisations in the establishment of Confucius Institutes Expand the cooperation with UNESCO
TNE in China 1011 joint programs and institutions at bachelor degree and above level 55 joint institutions and 956 joint programs 142 China-Australia joint programs and institutions ( 14%) 139 joint programs and 3 joint institutions
Capacity building Strengthen Chinese education institutions Support economic development Develop and strengthen disciplines Extend to central and western regions No cookie-cutter programs
Laws and regulations Main regulations, measures, notices and opinions issued by the Chinese Government in relation to Chinese-Foreign Cooperation in Running Schools on the MoE s website There has been no change to regulations, however there are a number of priorities for in-country TNE o New providers, new locations o World top quality universities o Diversity in new programs
International school education Tightening of the regulatory environment at the local level Shanghai released a Notice in May 2013 Beijing will not approve new China-foreign joint programs partnered with government high schools
JSJ List 4 tranches of countries now 44 countries Almost 11,000 institutions on the list Serves as recommendation for parents of privately sponsored students Australian government has been working with the MoE to expand the current list of Australian institutions No link to accreditation of qualifications separate instruments Recognition of higher education qualifications Not linked to JV programs
New Colombo Plan Undergraduate program 18-28 years Internship/mentorship feature Welcomed by China Strengthening existing university partnerships Opportunity for creative approaches to mobility Visa arrangements