Climate and Disaster Resilience Index of Asian Cities Coexistence of Contrast Rajib Shaw Professor, http://www.iedm.ges.kyoto-u.ac.jp/
Increasing Trend 4000 3500 Source: UNPD, 2010 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 World: Climate-related Disasters World: Geo-physical Disasters Asia: Climate-related Disasters Asia: Geo-physical Disasters
Vulnerability
Context Urban Context: Climate Context: Complexity Uncertainty in downscaling Governance Context: Regular city services Implementation Context:Community linkages
Climate Disaster Resilience Index: CDRI Methodology Key Question: How to address climate disaster risk to understand the resilience of a city? CDRI tool: 5x5 matrix, 25 parameters integrating 125 variables Analysis: Weighted Mean Index 5 5 Dimensions and 25 Parameters
5-5-5 Matrix Physical Social Economic Institutional Natural Electricity Population Income Mainstreaming Intensity Water Health Employment Crisis management Sanitation, Solid waste Infrastructure and Roads Education and awareness Social capital Household assets Finance and savings Institution Collaboration Frequency Ecosystem Land-use Housing and land-use Social cohesion Budget and subsidy Good governance Environment al policies 1 Poor 2 Bad Mode 3 Good rate 4 5 Best
CDRI: City Cluster Level
CDRI: Ward/ district / zone level Chennai: 10 districts 180 sq km, 5.5 Ml Delhi: 9 districts 1500 sq km, 12 Ml Makati: 36 barangay 28 sq km, 0.5 Ml Bandung: 30 sub-dt 168 Sq km, 2.3 Ml Dhaka: 10 zones 360 sq km, 11 Ml
Bandung Climate Disaster Resilience 1 Physical I V I V I V 2 Social 3 Economic II III IV XV XII XIII XI XIV VI IX VII VIII XVIII XVI XVII XXVI XXIX X XXII XX XIX XXV XXIV XXVIII XXX XXIII XXVII XXI < 3 3 3.5 3.5-4 4 4.5 II III IV XV XII XIII XI XIV VI IX VII VIII XVIII XVI XVII XXVI XXIX X XXII XX XIX XXV XXIV XXVIII XXX XXIII XXVII XXI < 3 3 3.5 3.5 4 4 4.5 II III IV XV XII XIII XI XIV VI IX VII VIII XVIII XVI XVII XXVI XXIX X XXII XX XIX XXV XXIV XXVIII XXX XXIII XXVII XXI 2 2.5 2.5-3 3 3.5 3.5-4 4 4.5 3 km N 3 km N 3 km N I V 4 Ins tu onal I V 5 Natural I V Overall II VI III IV XV XII XIII XI XIV XVI VII VIII Natural XVII XXVI IX XVIII X XIX XXV XXII XXIX XXIV XX XXVIII XXX XXIII XXVII Overall Resilience Physical 5 4 3 2 1 XXI 3 km Social N < 3 3 3.5 3.5-4 4 4.5 > 4.5 XV XIII IV II III XII XI XIV XVI VI VII VIII XVII XXVI IX XVIII X XIX XXV XXII XXIX XXIV XX XXVIII XXX XXIII XXVII XXI Health, Electricity and Social Capital are the highest parameter values Finance and Savings, Frequency of Hazards, and Budget and Subsidy in DM are the lowest parameter values 3 km N 2-2.5 2.5-3 3-3.5 3.5-4 XV XIII IV II III XII XI XIV XVI VI VII VIII XVII XXVI IX XVIII X XIX XXV XXII XXIX XXIV XX XXVIII XXX XXIII XXVII XXI 3 km 2.5-3 3-3.5 3.5-4 N Institutional Economic
Physical Electricity 5 4 Environmental Policies Land-Use in Natural Terms Natural Intensity / Severity of Hazards 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency of Hazards Ecosystem Services Housing and Land- Use Natural Accessibility of Roads Overall Resilience Physical 5 4 3 2 1 3 2 1 Water Sanitation and Solid Waste Disposal Social Community Preparedness Social Capital Social Population 5 4 3 2 1 Health Education and Awareness Good Governance Institutional Mainstreaming 5 4 3 2 1 Crisis Management Institutional Economic Budget and Subsidy Economic 5 Income 4 3 2 1 Employment Institutional Collaboration Knowledge Disssemination and Management Finance and Savings Household Assets
Bandung CDRI Synopsis Social, Physical, and Institutional Resilience Confirming the need for actions Economic and Natural Resilience
Time Series Analysis 2013 2010 Chennai, Colombo, Dhaka, Hue, Kuala Lumpur, Makati, Sukabumi, Suwon
Change in Trends: 2010-2013
Hue 2010-2013 Land use in natural term Intensity of hazards Frequency Of hazards 2010 2013
Flood in 11/2012 Source: http://nld.com.vn/thoi-su-trong-nuoc/mua-lon-duong-pho-o-hue-ngap-lut-20121117021850398.htm Flood in 10/2011 Typhoon No 10 in 9/2013 Source:https://www.facebook.com/tpHue
Coastal areas in Hue Province A view of coastal area in Hue Province Graduate School A school of Global in Phu Environmental Vang District, Studies Hue Province
Chennai Climate Action Plan [CAP] Physical resilience: 17 Short-term (< 2 yrs.) Medium-term (2-5 yrs.) Long-term (> 5 yrs.) Action 1 Action 2 Action 3 Involvement of communities into waste Waste segregation practices Stricter enforcement of Development Control Rules Social resilience: Saving of energy and increasing the use of solar power Electricity Identification of areas for development and open space Amendment of building codes, aiming for higher energy standards Enhanced use of rain-water harvesting technique to increase available water (tanks, individual houses) Provision of long-term strategy to reduce the solid waste introducing tax incentive system Short-term (< 2 yrs.) Medium-term (2-5 yrs.) Long-term (> 5 yrs.) Action 1 Education programmes for family planning, particularly for women Improvement of basic amenities (sanitation facilities, safe drinking water, roads, community welfare centres, parks, etc.) Development of action plan to eradicate diseases Action 2 Community-level early warning systems; conduction of drills in school Community-level disaster recovery plans
Summary Urban complexity, especially related to climate related hazards Need to desegregate risk / resilience to the city services [water, electricity, sewage, housing etc.] Need to find the appropriate entry point [solid waste, welfare, health etc ] Need to find the suitable change agents
Available from: www.iedm.ges.kyoto-u.ac.jp