Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project, Segment III BEACH MANAGEMENT PLANNING INVESTIGATION Prepared for: Broward County, FL Environmental Protection and Growth Management Department, Environmental Planning and Community Resilience Division Prepared by: Olsen Associates, Inc. 2618 Herschel Street Jacksonville, FL 32204 (904) 387-6114 (Fax) 384-7368 www.olsen-associates.com March 2015 (Draft) September 2015 (Final)
Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project Segment III Beach Management Planning Investigation March 2015 (Draft) September 2015 (Final) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report summarizes the findings of a beach management planning study for the Broward County Segment III shoreline and presents preliminary recommendations for the future management for that reach (or segment) of shoreline. The purpose of the study is to clarify the County s objectives in maintaining the Segment III shoreline, identify future management issues, and present and evaluate feasible approaches for beach management that can be implemented along the project area. Central to the discussion of future management of the Segment III shoreline is the continued application of periodic beach nourishment as the principal management tool for shoreline protection. In this report, the following topics are evaluated in regard to future Segment III management, Management priorities and goals, Beach management areas, Expected future sand requirements, Available sand resources, Project alternatives and actions to reduce future sand requirements, Cost analysis, Funding alternatives, Cost-sharing scenarios, and Project implementation considerations. The findings are based upon the use of existing physical, engineering, and economic information and are intended to support a relative comparison of probable management approaches and the selection of a general management strategy for Segment III. Subsequent detailed analyses will be required to implement the project elements of a selected management program. Segment III is the southernmost portion of the Broward County shoreline between the Port Everglades south jetty (FDEP Reference monument, ~R-85.7) and the Miami- Dade County line (R-128) along the Atlantic Ocean. It is 8.1 miles (42,800 feet) in length and fronts the US Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC), John U. Lloyd (JUL) Beach State Park, the City of Dania Beach, the City of Hollywood, and the City of Hallandale Beach. Segment III is located immediately downdrift of Port Everglades Inlet, and due to the direct and indirect influence of Port Everglades Inlet, its jetties, and Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project ES-i olsen associates, inc.
the Federal navigation channel, has some of the highest sand loss rates in Broward County. Goals. The overall goal of future management for the Segment III shoreline is to establish and maintain reasonable beach widths, reduce the amount of sand required to maintain the minimum beaches, identify and pursue the most economically feasible sources of sand, and maximize cost-sharing opportunities. For this study, it is assumed that a management program would seek solutions to meet these goals through 2026, which is the end date for the currently authorized Segment III Federal project. Specific goals and activities that should be considered by Broward County for continued management of the Segment III shoreline are: 1. Maintain the Minimum Design Beach Conditions. Retain sufficient sand volumes in the Segment III beach system to maintain required/reasonable beach widths and conditions without project-related impacts to nearshore hardbottom resources. 2. Reduce the Demand for Sand. Pursue opportunities that can reduce the amount of material which may be needed to maintain desired beach conditions through 2026. These opportunities may include: a. Identify and place higher quality sand sources for fill, b. Implement shore-stabilizing structures where appropriate, and c. Investigate areas where retreat from the shoreline may be viable. 3. Maximize Cost-Sharing Opportunities. Seek to develop new cost-sharing partners and grant sources, and maximize eligibility of the project elements for cost sharing with Federal, State, and local agencies. 4. Reduce the Regulatory Costs. Seek areas to reduce the costs associated with regulatory processes. a. Pursue long-term permits, b. Carefully evaluate permit conditions for necessity versus cost, and c. Optimize efficiencies in physical and biological monitoring. 5. Quantify Existing Conditions for Nearshore Hardbottom. Conduct research and establish the amount of natural variability of the nearshore hardbottom edge location to reduce the risk of future liabilities associated with changes to hardbottom areas that may not be related to project actions. Management Areas. Seven management areas are identified along the Segment III shoreline. These areas were identified and distinguished from one another by considering (1) municipal/jurisdictional boundaries, (2) historical sand placement areas and limits of the Federal Project, (3) areas where there is encroaching development, (4) self-similar existing and historical beach widths, and (5) erosion conditions. The reaches are, Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project ES-ii olsen associates, inc.
Area 1 - Northern JUL (R85.7 to R-92) Area 2 - Southern JUL (R-92 to R-98) Area 3 - Dania Beach (R-98 to R-100.3) Area 4 - Northern Hollywood (R-100.3 to R-104) Area 5 - Central Hollywood (R-104 to R-117) Area 6 - Southern Hollywood (R-117 to R-123.7) Area 7 - Hallandale Beach (R-123.7 to R-128) Area 1 and Areas 3 through 7 represent the John U. Lloyd Beach State Park (JUL) and Dania Beach, Hollywood, and Hallandale (DHH) Beach reaches of the authorized Federal shore protection project. These areas encompass the portions of the Segment III shoreline that have required active management in the past and are expected to be the principle shoreline areas that will continue to require active management. Principal Management Plan Components. Continued beach nourishment through sand placement from numerous sources will be an integral component of any future beach management program. Continued nourishment should be complimented with actions that would reduce demand, improve shoreline resiliency, and minimize overall project costs. In this investigation, several management actions that will compliment continuing beach nourishment are discussed. These are, Port Everglades Sand Bypass Project John U. Lloyd Beach State Park (JUL) Structure Field Extension Managed Retreat Dune creation and dune vegetation programs Alternatives. Two classes of beach fill alternatives should be considered by Broward County for the continued management of the Segment III shoreline. The Class 1 alternatives would involve both initial restoration of the shoreline to the 2005/06 Federal project conditions (nourishment to the design beach plus advance fill) and the subsequent maintenance of the shoreline via periodic renourishment through 2026. This approach would achieve the goal of providing and sustaining minimum protective beach conditions and maximizing cost-sharing opportunities. It is expected that Segment III would qualify for Federal cost-sharing only in the event that the Federal design beach, as defined by the 2005/06 project, is maintained. The Class 1 alternatives considered are: Alternative 1: Initial Restoration with Offshore Sources and Future Maintenance with Upland Sources Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project ES-iii olsen associates, inc.
Alternative 2: Initial Restoration and Future Maintenance with Upland Sources Alternative 3: Initial Restoration with Offshore Sources and Future Maintenance with Upland Sources and Sand Bypassing Alternative 4: Initial Restoration with Upland Sources and Future Maintenance with Upland Sources and Sand Bypassing Alternative 5: Initial Restoration of JUL with Offshore Sources / Initial Restoration of DHH with Upland Sources / Future Maintenance of JUL with Sand Bypassing / Future Maintenance of DHH with Upland Sources The Class 2 alternatives would include only the placement of a volume of sand equivalent to the annual loss rate times a desired project life. The beach would not be restored to the full dimensions of the Federally authorized design or that of the constructed project in 2005/06. The project would serve only to address future anticipated losses from the time of project completion. The reason for implementing either of these alternatives would be to avoid the initial cost of a large restoration project and potentially minimize use of dwindling sand resources. Ultimately, this approach may not meet other project objectives, such as maintaining a minimum beach condition and maximizing cost-sharing opportunities. The Class 2 alternatives considered are, Alternative 6: Initiate Maintenance with Upland Sources (No Initial Restoration) Alternative 7: Initiate Maintenance with Upland Sources and Sand Bypassing (No Initial Restoration) Sand Requirements. As will be explained in detail, volume change analyses suggest that the sand volume requirement to reestablish 2005/06 Segment III project conditions in the expected construction year of 2018 will be about 1,086,200 cy. This would include the anticipated volume loss between 2014 and 2018. Following restoration of the target beach condition, an additional 832,800 cy of sand will be required to maintain the desired beach conditions from 2018 through 2026. Therefore, the estimated total sand demand along the Segment III shoreline through 2026 for Class 1 alternatives is approximately 1,919,000 cy. Alternatively, the volume needed to simply maintain existing conditions (Class 2) between 2014 and 2026 will be 1,248,000 cy, based on an average annual loss rate of 104,000 cy. Sand Resources. Sand sources that are currently available for use as beach fill along the Broward County shoreline include the remaining offshore sand borrow areas along the northern shoreline of the County, and upland commercial sand mines in central and south Florida. Other sources that may become available in the future include domestic offshore sources beyond Broward County waters and aragonite sand imported Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project ES-iv olsen associates, inc.
from the Bahamas. Additionally, sand bypassing at Port Everglades is currently being pursued by Broward County. The bypassing project will serve as a future supplemental sand source for the Segment III beaches. The known remaining, available beach compatible sand resources in Broward County are located offshore of the northern County coastline. It is estimated that between 0.85 and 1.39 million cubic yards (Mcy) of sand suitable for beach placement may be available in theses offshore borrow areas. There are no other known sources offshore of Broward County. These Broward County offshore sand sources are not sufficient to meet long-term demands. Future beach management for the Segment III shoreline will require the importation of sand from remote sources. The ultimate volume required, however, may depend upon other management activities. It is expected that there are sufficient quantities of beach-compatible sand in the established SE Florida upland sand mines to meet the sand requirements along the Segment III shoreline through 2026, with or without the use of other sources. This is expected to be the case even considering the use of these mines by other Florida communities. Sand bypassing at Port Everglades would supplement offshore and upland sand sources for meeting the anticipated future sand requirement along the Segment III shoreline. It is anticipated that once constructed, the sand bypassing project will place an average of 46,000 cy/yr of sand on the beaches downdrift of the inlet. Sand placement is anticipated to occur once every 2 to 4 years, depending on weather conditions during a particular bypass event cycle. Cost Analysis. Of the five Class 1 alternatives, the two most cost-effective approaches are expected to be Alternatives 3 and 5, those that make use of the offshore sand resources off Broward County and sand bypassing (i.e., those that maximum use of the less costly local sand sources). With similar costs between Alternative 3 and Alternative 5, and questions regarding the full availability of the offshore sand, Alternative 5 may be a preferred and more feasible alternative. Implementation of that Alternative would also avoid the need for pipeline deployments across hardbottom areas south of JUL and would result in the placement of more sand from the upland mines. The upland sand would have a larger typical grain size and a smaller percentage of fine materials than the sand located in the remaining borrow areas offshore of Broward County. The total project cost for this approach through 2026, not including the initial investment cost of the sand bypass project at Port Everglades, would be about $70.1 million. The equivalent average annual cost would be about $7.3 million. Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project ES-v olsen associates, inc.
Projects that include initial restoration obviously have higher overall costs relative to the maintenance-only projects, due to the larger initial sand volume required to reestablish the 2005/06 baseline conditions. For the initial restoration, those projects that use the remaining offshore sand sources for at least part of the work (Alternatives 1, 3, and 5) will have overall lower costs than the projects that exclusively use the more costly upland sand (Alternatives 2 and 4). Although the maintenance-only projects are expected to have lower overall costs due to the relatively smaller sand volume, there are potential short-comings with this approach that should be considered by the County. These are: 1) By 2018, the Segment III beaches will be severely eroded, thus the preconstruction beach conditions are not expected to be adequate or acceptable to the County. The volume required to restore the beaches to the 2005/06 project dimension will be more than 1.0 million cubic yards. 2) The USACE will not cost-share in a project that does not provide for maintenance of the required design beach section. Project benefits upon which Federal project participation is based are realized through the continued presence of the required design beach width. For these reasons, it is recommended that Broward County consider the implementation of a cost-effective, Class 1 type of beach fill alternative for the future management of Segment III. Availability of sand sources and additional enhancements to improve cost-efficiency, such as extending the JUL structure field and implementing a long-term managed retreat program should also be considered. Cost- Sharing. There continues to be significant economic benefit of having the USACE participate in the Segment III projects if Federal funding for the project can be secured. This includes the beneficial consideration given to Federal projects in the ranking of projects that qualify for State funding through the Florida Beach Management Funding Assistance Program. Presently, the USACE contributes 58.46 percent of all eligible project costs. The availability of Federal funding in the future, however, is not guaranteed. The potential availability of future Federal funding, impacts to State funding ranking criteria, the economic impact to both the County and local communities, and certainties of State and local funding sources should be considered when deciding about continued participation in the Federal shore protection program for Segment III. Recommendations. Based upon the analyses and information included in this beach management planning evaluation for continued management of the Broward County Segment III shoreline, the following observations and recommendations are offered for consideration by the County. Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project ES-vi olsen associates, inc.
Ongoing beach management along the Segment III shoreline should continue to principally consist of sand placement in areas of need. Consideration should also be given to (1) extending the groin field at JUL Beach State Park subsequent to the implementation of a sand bypass program at Port Everglades and (2) pursuing opportunistic retreat of encroaching development where possible and affordable. Future sand placement should be focused along previously restored and managed areas. This would provide for sand placement in all areas except Area 2, southern JUL (R-92 to R-98). Analyses in the 2004 GRR concluded that there are not sufficient erosion or storm damage reduction benefits in southern JUL to justify Federal participation in sand placement in that area. To provide maximum storm damage reduction and recreational benefits along the Segment III shoreline, the County should consider pursing a management approach that includes restoration of the 2005/06 Federal project dimensions subsequent maintenance through periodic beach renourishment and sand bypassing at Port Everglades. Consideration should be given to reconstruction of the 2005/06 Federal project using (1) offshore sand sources to nourish JUL and (2) upland sand sources to nourish the DHH shoreline segments in a reevaluation analysis of Federal project scope and economic efficiency. This approach would be intended to maximize the use of remaining available offshore sand sources, minimize the amount of sand trucked to Broward County from upland mines, and minimize the potential for future impacts to offshore and nearshore hardbottom. Analyses herein also suggest that this approach is likely one of the most cost-effective of those currently available. Future maintenance of the restored beach should prioritize the use of bypass sand along the JUL shoreline and upland sand along the DHH shoreline. If the County elects to continue with implementation of the Segment III Federal Shore Protection Project, it is recommend that the County, o continue to pursue the Federal project through the reimbursable authorization. This offers the County the most flexibility in formulating and implementing the project. Further, it could potentially avoid delays during the plan formulation process in the event the USACE is not funded in any particular year to participate in the Segment III project development, Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project ES-vii olsen associates, inc.
o seek to execute a Project Partnership Agreement (PPA) with the USACE that will provide for initial renourishment and periodic sand placement, as needed, along the Segment III shoreline through completion of the current project authorization (i.e., 2026), and o seek to extend the authorized life of the Segment III Federal project by 15 years. If approved, the Federal authorization for the Segment III project would expire in 2041. Incorporate a dune feature into the project where possible and acceptable to the upland communities. It may be most cost-efficient for Broward County and/or the local communities to implement a dune where needed or desired as a non- Federal project feature. If the County desires to include a dune in the Federal project, a comprehensive evaluation of the storm-damage reduction benefits relative to costs following current Federal criteria would likely be required. Seek FDEP and USACE permits that will provide for initial restoration and continued periodic nourishment of the Segment III shoreline, using offshore, upland, and sand bypass sand sources for a period of 15 years. Implement a county-wide physical monitoring program that includes at a minimum an annual county-wide beach profile survey and engineering analysis of beach conditions. Implement a comprehensive physical and biological monitoring program that seeks to identify the extent of natural variability along the nearshore hardbottom edge. A better understanding of the natural dynamics of the nearshore hardbottom edge will be important to future Segment III beach management and will provide protection to the County from potential liability from environmental/hardbottom impacts that may be incorrectly attributed to their nourishment project(s). Coordinate with the resource agencies to formulate management and permit conditions that apply the Equilibrium Toe of Fill (ETOF) prediction in a manner that is consistent with how it was formulated and what it is intended to represent. Modifications/updates to the ETOF prediction may be necessary. Regardless of the method used, the County should seek to limit the amount of potential impacts of a project action to those impacts directly attributable to the project, rather than assuming responsibility for all changes to the natural system following a project action. Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project ES-viii olsen associates, inc.
Consider the implementation of a managed retreat policy to address properties that are sited seaward of the regional development line and contribute to localized problematic beach conditions and elevated levels of sand placement need. Elements of this strategy should include: o o o o Formally support the City of Dania Beach in redevelopment efforts that will include the landward relocation of upland infrastructure, Consider redefining the Federal project baseline along northern Hollywood. This may include resetting of the Erosion Control Line (ECL) along that segment of shoreline, Pursue opportunistic acquisitions of privately-held properties seaward of North Surf Road in northern Hollywood, and remove infrastructure that encroaches on the active beach, Implement a long-term programmatic retreat policy along the Segment III shoreline. Priority areas would include those where development is sited seaward of the regional development line and contributes to problematic beach width and shoreline conditions. This could include incorporation of retreat requirements in local building or land management ordinances that would encourage the landward movement of infrastructure during property redevelopment. Conduct a detailed feasibility analysis to evaluate the physical and economic benefits of extending the JUL groin field. Also, initiate consultation with FDEP, JUL Beach State Park, FWC and USFWS regarding implementation of this project. Implement a Regional Beach Management Plan as a long-term strategy for maintaining Broward County beaches. Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project ES-ix olsen associates, inc.
Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project Segment III Beach Management Planning Investigation March 2015 (Draft) September 2015 (Final) Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION... 1 1.1. Objectives and Scope of Study...1 1.2. Study Area...2 1.3. Study Authorization...2 1.4. Background...5 1.5. Past Beach Management Efforts...5 1.6. Existing Permits...14 1.7. Port Everglades Sand Bypass Project...15 2.0 BEACH MANAGEMENT GOALS... 16 2.1. Introduction...16 2.2. Goals and Activities...19 2.3. Beach Condition Benchmarks...20 3.0 EXISTING BEACH CONDITIONS... 22 3.1. Beach Width...22 3.2. Shoreline Change...26 3.3. Beach Volume Change...28 3.4. Nearshore Hardbottom Edge and ETOF...30 4.0 BEACH MANAGEMENT AREAS... 34 4.1. Area 1 Northern John U. Lloyd Beach State Park (R85.7 to R-92)...36 4.2. Area 2 Southern John U. Lloyd Beach State Park (R92 to R-98)...42 4.3. Area 3 - Dania Beach (R-98 to R-100.3)...42 4.4. Area 4 Northern Hollywood (R-100.3 to R-104)...43 4.5. Area 5 Central Hollywood (R-104 to R-117)...48 4.6. Area 6 Southern Hollywood (R-117 to R-123.7)...48 4.7. Area 7 - Hallandale Beach (R-123.7 to R-128)...49 5.0 EXAMPLES OF OTHER PROGRAMS... 51 5.1. Palm Beach County, Florida...51 5.2. Miami-Dade County, Florida...55 5.3. Town of Longboat Key, Florida...57 5.4. Town of Hilton Head Island, South Carolina...60 6.0 BEACH MANAGEMENT ELEMENTS... 63 6.1. Beach Nourishment...63 Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project i olsen associates, inc.
6.2. Port Everglades Sand Bypass Project...63 6.3. John U. Lloyd Beach State Park Structure Field Extension...64 6.4. Managed Retreat...66 6.5. Vegetated Dunes...67 7.0 SAND VOLUME REQUIREMENTS... 69 7.1. Annual Sand Demand (Total Profile)...70 7.2. Current and Anticipated Future Sand Requirement (Total Profile)...72 7.3. Sand Deficit Compared to 2005/06 Completed Construction Template...76 8.0 SAND SOURCE OPTIONS... 78 8.1. Offshore Sand Sources...78 8.2. Upland Sand Sources...81 8.3. Domestic Offshore Sand Sources Beyond Broward County...84 8.4. Non-Domestic Sand Sources...87 8.5. Port Everglades Sand Bypassing...91 9.0 BEACH MANAGEMENT BY AREA... 92 9.1. Area 1 - Northern John U. Lloyd Beach State Park (R85.7 to R-92)...92 9.2. Area 2 - Southern John U. Lloyd Beach State Park (R-92 to R-98)...93 9.3. Area 3 - Dania Beach (R-98 to R-100.3)...93 9.4. Area 4 - Northern Hollywood (R-100.3 to R-104)...94 9.5. Area 5 - Central Hollywood (R-104 to R-117)...97 9.6. Area 6 - Southern Hollywood (R-117 to R-123.7)...98 9.7. Area 7 - Hallandale Beach (R-123.7 to R-128)...99 10.0 BEACH FILL ALTERNATIVES... 101 10.1. Introduction...101 10.2. Classes of Alternatives and Assumptions...101 10.3. Restore and Maintain Alternatives (Class 1)...102 10.4. Maintain Only Alternatives (No Initial Restoration) (Class 2)...106 11.0 COST ANALYSIS... 108 11.1. Introduction...108 11.2. Results...109 11.3. Summary...110 12.0 FUNDING... 112 12.1. Federal Funding...112 12.2. State Funding...114 12.3. Local Funding...116 12.3.1. Broward County... 116 12.3.2. Shorefront Community Funding... 116 12.3.3. Other Potential Sources of Local Funding... 118 12.3.4. Other Funding/Cost-Sharing Sources... 120 13.0 COST-SHARING SCENARIOS... 122 13.1. Cost-Sharing Rates for All Partners...123 Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project ii olsen associates, inc.
14.0 IMPLEMENTATION... 127 14.1. Federal Project...127 14.2. Permitting/Regulatory...128 14.3. Construction Seasons...130 14.4. Monitoring Requirements and Goals...130 14.5. Hardbottom Impacts and Future Management Needs...132 14.6. Sand Delivery...133 14.7. Easement Requirements...134 15.0 RECOMMENDATIONS... 135 16.0 REFERENCES... 138 Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project iii olsen associates, inc.
List of Figures Figure 1.1: Location map of Broward County and Segment III shoreline... 3 Figure 1.2: Shorefront interest along the Segment III shoreline... 4 Figure 1.3: Typical immediate post-2005/06 project beach conditions along the Segment III shoreline... 9 Figure 1.4: The three shore-stabilizing structures constructed at the northern end of JUL in 2005/06. Photograph taken in March 2008, about 24 months after completion of the JUL structures and beach fill... 12 Figure 2.1: Location of historical Segment III offshore sand borrow areas, 1971-1991... 17 Figure 2.2: Remaining sand borrow areas offshore of Broward County, FL... 18 Figure 2.3: Typical Federal project design and construction beach profile definitions for the JUL project area... 21 Figure 2.4: Typical Federal design and construction beach profile definitions for the Hollywood/Hallandale project area... 21 Figure 3.1: Beach widths along Segment III, as depicted by MHWL positions plotted relative to the seaward edge of the upland development between 1993 and 2013. The existing and historic MHWL positions are averages of 2011-2013 and 1993-2013, respectively. The 75-ft and 125-ft beach widths are noted in the figure as red and pink dashed lines... 23 Figure 3.2: Approximate location of nearshore hardbottom edge relative to the existing MHWL, vegetation, line, local seaward edge of development, and uniform regional seaward edge of development... 32 Figure 4.1: Summary of problematic shoreline areas in Segment III as identified through evaluation of six physical beach parameters... 37 Figure 4.2: Overview of management Areas 1 and 2... 38 Figure 4.3: Overview of management Areas 3 and 4... 39 Figure 4.4: Overview of management Area 5... 40 Figure 4.5: Overview of management Areas 6 and 7... 41 Figure 4.6: Depiction of development and beach conditions along the northern Hollywood shoreline... 44 Figure 4.7: Encroaching development along northern Hollywood shoreline... 45 Figure 4.8: Mean High Water shoreline (MHWL) position following construction of the 2005/06 Segment III beach fill... 47 Figure 4.9: Encroaching seawall at the southern end of Hallandale Beach... 50 Figure 5.1: Photograph of the Ocean Ridge T-Head engineered groinfield immediately downdrift of South Lake Worth Inlet in Palm Beach County. The groin field, which is an element of Federal Shore Protection Project, occupies about 1,800 feet of shoreline. Sand from bypassing and beach nourishment is placed mostly south of the groin field. The groins were constructed in 1998... 53 Figure 5.2: Typical development line, development setback, and established vegetated dunes along Hilton Head Island, South Carolina. This photograph was taken in 2007 as a beach restoration project is being completed. The dredge pipeline is located along the center of the recently restored beach profile... 61 Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project iv olsen associates, inc.
Figure 6.1: Concept of extended structure field at JUL Beach State Park... 65 Figure 6.2: Example of development along the Segment III shoreline located seaward of regional development line and encroaches on to the beach system... 67 Figure 6.3: Typical example of vegetated dunes in northern Hollywood... 68 Figure 6.4: Typical example of area (left) in central Hollywood where the beach does not have a vegetated dune. A healthy vegetated dune is located to the right of the photograph... 68 Figure 7.1: Definition sketch of sand volume requirements... 69 Figure 8.1: Remaining sand borrow areas offshore of Broward County, FL... 79 Figure 8.2: Grain size distribution for remaining sediments in borrow areas offshore of Broward County, FL... 80 Figure 8.3: Location of upland sand mines that have been identified for consideration for use in Broward County (adapted from OAI, 2012)... 82 Figure 8.4: Composite grain size distribution curves of samples from upland sand mines that are suitable and feasible for use along Segment III... 83 Figure 8.5: Approximate location of Central Florida offshore sand sources currently being considered by the USACE-Jacksonville District for the Miami-Dade County Federal Shore Protection Project (adapted from OAI, 2011)... 86 Figure 8.6: Location of possible Bahamian Bank sand resources that could be considered for use as beach fill material in Broward County (adapted from OAI, 2011)... 88 Figure 9.1: Concept of benefits of managed retreat along developed area of Hollywood North shoreline... 95 Figure 9.2: Example of privately held undeveloped parcel along northern Hollywood shoreline. Acquisition of this parcel by a public entity would prevent the parcel from being redeveloped and reduce future beach management efforts for this location... 97 Figure 9.3: Area of the south Hollywood shoreline that would benefit from programmatic landward relocation of the development line... 99 Figure 9.4: Area of the of Hallandale Beach shoreline that would benefit from landward relocation of the development line... 100 List of Tables Table 1.1: History of beach nourishment in Segment III, 1971-present... 6 Table 1.2: Approximate construction costs of past beach renourishment projects... 13 Table 3.1: Authorized, existing, historical, and minimum protective beach widths relative to the local development line. Values include effects of beach nourishment projects (2005/06 & 2012)... 24 Table 3.2: Average annual rate of MHW shoreline change, 1993 to 2013 and 2006 to 2013... 27 Table 3.3: Average annual sectional volumetric change rates, 1993-2011/13 and 2006-2011/13... 29 Table 3.4: Volumetric deficit in the authorized design profile, as of April 11/July 13... 31 Table 7.1: Expected future sand loss rates from the Segment III shoreline based upon 1993-2011/13 conditions less effect of sand placement events during that period... 71 Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project v olsen associates, inc.
Table 7.2: Assumed future annual sand demand for Segment III shoreline based upon the average of sand loss rates from 1993-2011/13 and sand loss rates reported in USACE (2004). The latter are based upon beach change conditions between 1989 and 1998 and include the effects of rapid equilibration and sand losses immediately following sand placement events... 73 Table 7.3: Summary of volumetric demand as of April 2011/July 2013 required for restoration of the beach to post-2005/06 conditions and total estimated future sand needs through the year 2018 and 2026... 75 Table 7.4: Comparison of documented sand deficit along the Segment III beach for (1) total profile conditions and (2) construction template conditions. The respective volumes are based upon (1) direct comparison of beach profile conditions, across entire sand profile, for 2006 and 2011/13 and (2) the 2005/06 specified construction template and measured 2011/13 beach conditions... 77 Table 8.1: Estimated remaining sand volume in borrow areas offshore of Broward County, FL... 80 Table 8.2: Summary characteristics of the native beach sediment and offshore and upland sand source sediments... 83 Table 9.1: Summary of recommended beach management approaches for each management area identified along the Segment III shoreline... 92 Table 9.2: List of properties seaward of North Surf Road in northern Hollywood. The table also included the tax value of each property listed on the Broward County Property Appraiser database and an assumed adjusted total market value for all parcels currently held by private interests... 96 Table 10.1: Summary of probable beach management restore and maintain alternatives (1-5) that include sand placement volumes consistent with anticipated existing and future need... 103 Table 10.2: Summary of probable beach management maintain only alternatives (6-7) that include sand placement volumes consistent with anticipated future need... 107 Table 11.1: Summary of costs for the seven beach fill project alternatives... 110 Table 12.1: Summary of shoreline length and percent of total length for Segment III beachfront cities... 118 Table 13.1: Summary of weighted Segment III cost-sharing rates three cost-sharing scenarios... 124 Table 13.2: Summary of average annual cost requirements for cost-sharing partners for beach fill management alternatives and Cost-Sharing Scenario 1.... 125 Table 13.3: Summary of average annual cost requirements for cost-sharing partners for beach fill management alternatives and Cost-Sharing Scenario 2.... 125 Table 13.4: Summary of average annual cost requirements for cost-sharing partners for beach fill management alternatives and Cost-Sharing Scenario 3... 126 Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project vi olsen associates, inc.
Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project Segment III Beach Management Planning Investigation Report Prepared for: Broward County Environmental Protection and Growth Management Department Environmental Planning and Community Resilience Division Prepared by: Olsen Associates, Inc., Jacksonville, FL March 2015 (Draft) September 2015 (Final) 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1. Objectives and Scope of Study This report summarizes the findings of a beach management planning study for the Broward County Segment III shoreline and presents preliminary recommendations for the future management of that shoreline. The purpose of the study is to clarify the County s objectives in maintaining the Segment III shoreline, identify future management issues, and present and evaluate feasible approaches for beach management that can be implemented along the project area. Central to the discussion of future management of the Segment III shoreline is the continued application of periodic beach nourishment as the principal management tool for shoreline protection. In this report, the following topics are evaluated in regard to future Segment III management, Management priorities and goals, Beach management areas, Expected future sand requirements, Available sand resources, Project alternatives and actions to reduce future sand requirements, Cost analysis, Funding alternatives, Cost-sharing scenarios, and Project implementation considerations. The findings herein are based upon the use of existing physical, engineering, and economic information and are intended to support a relative comparison of probable management approaches and the selection of a general management strategy for Segment III. Subsequent detailed analyses will be required to implement the project elements of a selected management program. Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project 1 olsen associates, inc.
1.2. Study Area Segment III is the southernmost portion of the Broward County Atlantic Ocean coastline between the Port Everglades south jetty (FDEP Reference monument, ~R-85.7) and the Miami-Dade County line (R-128) (Figure 1.1). The segment is 8.1 miles (42,800 feet) in length and fronts, from north to south, the following upland entities (Figure 1.2): US Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) (~300 ft of shorefront), John U. Lloyd Beach State Park (~11,850 ft), City of Dania Beach (~2,300 ft), City of Hollywood (~24,000 ft), and City of Hallandale Beach (~4,350 ft). The Segment III shoreline is located immediately downdrift of Port Everglades Inlet, where no natural sand bypassing occurs. Due to the direct and indirect influence of Port Everglades Inlet, its jetties, and the Federal navigation channel, the Segment III shoreline has some of the highest sand loss rates in Broward County. 1.3. Study Authorization This study was authorized by the Broward County Board of County Commissioners as Work Authorization (WA) No. 88 on June 10, 2013. The firm of Olsen Associates, Inc. of Jacksonville, Florida was selected through the Qualified Vendor List for Environmental Consultant Services, L907303A3 to conduct this planning investigation. This study is intended to serve as a strategic planning tool for future management initiatives for the Broward County Segment III shoreline. Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project 2 olsen associates, inc.
Figure 1.1: Location map of Broward County and the Segment III shoreline. Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project 3 olsen associates, inc.
1.4. Background Comprehensive efforts to improve beach conditions along the entire Segment III shoreline began in the mid-1960 s with the authorization of the Broward County Federal Shore Protection Project. Prior to that time, activities to address eroded beach conditions were focused principally on the protection of individual properties. This included the extensive use of seawalls, revetments, shore-perpendicular groins, and some limited sand placement. Efforts were often piecemeal, pursued by individual property owners. In many case, the individual actions exacerbated shoreline erosion on adjacent properties. In 1971, the effort to proactively address the erosive beach conditions along the entire Segment III shoreline began with the construction of a 0.8-mile, locally-funded, beach restoration project along Hallandale Beach. The City of Hallandale Beach was the local sponsor for the work. Since the 1971 Hallandale project, Broward County, through the Federal Shore Protection Project, has worked to improve, manage, and maintain the Segment III shoreline by the removal of derelict coastal structures, comprehensive beach restoration and periodic renourishment, and the strategic use of coastal structures. The central focus has been on beach restoration and renourishment. The County s program historically has benefited from the use of beach compatible sand located offshore of Broward County in relatively close proximity to the fill areas. Repeated use of the available offshore sand resources and increasing environmental protection of benthic resources located adjacent to sand borrow areas, however, have resulted in a substantial decrease in the amount of offshore sand that is available in Broward County for future beach nourishment efforts. As such, continued management and maintenance of the County s beaches will require the use of more remote and more costly sand resources. These will likely include upland sources as well as more distant domestic and non-domestic offshore sources. 1.5. Past Beach Management Efforts Beach Restoration/Renourishment. Table 1.1 lists the history of sand placement events in Segment III (beach nourishment and sand bypassing). Between 1971 and 2013 approximately 7,214,000 cubic yards (cy), or the equivalent of about 171,800 cubic yards per year (cy/yr), of sand have been placed onto Segment III beaches. This includes a design volume of sand to restore the highly eroded beach and protect upland infrastructure, plus an advance nourishment volume to address the ongoing sand loss rate and maintenance volume requirements. Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project 5 olsen associates, inc.
Table 1.1: History of beach nourishment in Segment III, 1971-present. Year Project Location Sand Quantity (cy) Project Length (miles) Sponsor Project Description Funding Partners 1971 Hallandale R124-R128 360,000 0.75 City of Hallandale Beach Local Beach Restoration / Offshore Sand Source City of Hallandale Beach and Broward County 1976/77 John U. Lloyd Beach SP South Jetty to R93 1,090,000 1.5 Broward County Federal SPP USACE, State of Florida, and Broward County 1979 Hollywood/Hallandale R101-R128 2,000,000 5.2 Broward County Federal SPP USACE, State of Florida, Broward County, and Beachfront Cities 1989 John U. Lloyd Beach SP South Jetty to R93 604,000 1.6 Broward County Federal SPP USACE, State of Florida, and Broward County 1991 Hollywood/Hallandale R101-R128 1,100,000 5.2 Broward County Federal SPP USACE, State of Florida, Broward County, and Beachfront Cities 2001 Hollywood (Diplomat) R121-R123 25,000 0.5 City of Hollywood Local Beach Renourishment / Upland Sand Source City of Hollywood, State of Florida, and Broward County Hollywood/Hallandale* R98.3-R128 1,300,000 2005/06 6.8 Broward County John U. Lloyd Beach SP** South Jetty to R92 550,000 Federal SPP USACE, State of Florida, Broward County, and Beachfront Cities 2012 Southern Hollywood R119 - R124 69,000 0.75 City of Hollywood Local Beach Restoration / Upland Sand Source City of Hollywood, State of Florida, and Broward County 2013 John U. Lloyd (Beach Disposal)** R87-R90 116,000 0.75 USACE Beach Disposal of Maintenance Material from Port Everglades USACE and Broward County Total 7,214,000 * Includes 188,000 cy of sand placed under a USACE contract as part of the 2004 FCCE (PL 84-99) Post-Storm Rehabilitation Project. ** 44,200 cy (2005/06) and 116,000 cy (2013) of sand were dredged from the inlet channel and placed on the JUL Beach SP shoreline. Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project 6 olsen associates, inc.
Federal Shore Protection Project. The majority of past beach nourishment activities along the Segment III shoreline have been constructed as part of the Broward County Federal Shore Protection Project (SPP). The SPP was authorized by Section 301 of the 1965 River and Harbor Act, Public Law 89-298 passed October 27, 1965 (79 STAT.1090). Through the SPP, Authority was granted "to permit construction of the beach erosion control features of the projects by local interests (i.e., local sponsor), if they desire, with subsequent reimbursement of the Federal share of the beach erosion control work done by them after initiation of the survey study, provided that the work is approved by the Chief of Engineers as being in accordance with the authorized projects." The local sponsor for this project is the Broward County Board of County Commissioners. The Federal project provides for an initial beach fill of adequate width and elevation county-wide, as well as periodic renourishment of that fill, as needed. For Segment III, the original project Authority provided for the restoration of 8.1 miles of shoreline and periodic nourishment for a period of 10 years following initial construction of the project. Following a 1991 Section 934 Reevaluation Report, Federal participation in the authorized project was extended to 50 years after initial construction with the current authorization for the Segment III project set to expire in 2026. Although the project is authorized through 2026, a Project Cooperation Agreement (PCA) or Project Partnership Agreement (PPA) is not in place for future activities that may be required before the end of the authorized life. Such a document represents the contractual agreement between the Federal government and Broward County that specifically addresses the financial obligations and responsibilities of both parties. To date, each project-related activity and event has required that a project decision document (General Design Memorandum (GDM), General Reevaluation Report (GRR), Limited Reevaluation Report (LRR), etc.) and PCA/PPA be executed for each event. In 1999, Section 311 of the 1999 Water Resources Development Act (WRDA) modified the Broward County Shore Protection Project to authorize the Secretary, on execution of a contract to construct the project, to reimburse the non-federal interest for the Federal share of the cost of pre-construction planning and design for the project, if the Secretary determines that the work is compatible with and integral to the project. Recently, due to increased environmental protection requirements and mitigation, these costs have been significant. To date, two reaches of the Segment III authorized project have been constructed. These are (1) the northern section of the John U. Lloyd Beach State Park (JUL) (south jetty to R-94; 1.52 miles) and (2) the Dania/Hollywood/Hallandale (DHH) shoreline (R- 98.6 to R-128; 5.6 miles). Restoration or renourishment of the southern area of JUL has not occurred and to date has not been shown to be economically justified. In all, Federally funded projects have placed more than 6.6 million cubic yards of sand along the Segment III shoreline. Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project 7 olsen associates, inc.
Initial construction of the Segment III Federal project occurred along the JUL shoreline in 1976/77. Initial construction occurred along the Hollywood and Hallandale Beach shorelines in 1979. The first renourishment of the JUL shoreline occurred in 1989 and the first renourishment of the Hollywood and Hallandale Beach shorelines occurred in 1991 (Table 1.1). In 2004, a GRR was approved that provided for the second periodic nourishment of both previously constructed areas of the Segment III shoreline. This project provided for 1) removal of derelict coastal structures, 2) construction of three shore-stabilizing structures at the northern end of JUL, 3) sand placement between R-85.7 an R-92 to restore the design beach (i.e., a zero (0) ft extension of the MHWL from the Erosion Control Line (ECL)), 4) sand placement between R-101 and R-128 to restore the design beach (i.e., a fifty (50) ft extension of the MHWL from the Erosion Control Line (ECL), 5) sand placement between R-98.4 and R-101 for an engineered beach fill taper at the northern end of the Hollywood and Hallandale Beach project, 6) sand placement to provide six years of advance fill for the restored JUL and HH design beaches, and 7) construction of 8.9 acres of nearshore hardbottom mitigation for 7.6 acres of anticipated project related impacts to nearshore hardbottom immediately seaward of the project areas. The GRR a) demonstrated that continued participation by the Federal government was justified considering current physical and economic conditions, and b) served as the basis and justification for the PCA between the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and Broward County for the work. The USACE Jacksonville District, District Engineer and the Board of County Commissioners executed a PCA on September 29, 2004, providing for the one-time periodic nourishment. The project was completed in February 2006. Typical post-project conditions are show in Figure 1.3. Future Segment III management activities that seek to use Federal funding will require that the 2004 GRR and the associated project economic analyses be updated to demonstrate that Federal participation continues to be justified and to support the execution of a new PPA. Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project 8 olsen associates, inc.
Figure 1.3: Typical immediate post-2005/06 project beach conditions along the Segment III shoreline. Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project 9 olsen associates, inc.
Locally Sponsored Beach Nourishment Projects. Three relatively small beach nourishment projects have been implemented by shorefront communities that were not directly related to the Federal Shore Protection Project. These were the 1971 Hallandale Beach project and two small truck-haul projects in 2001 and 2012 sponsored and implemented by the City of Hollywood (Table 1.1). These were completed with funding from the State, County, and local communities. In sum, these small local projects accounted for less than seven percent of the total volume of material placed along the Segment III shoreline between 1971 and 2014, but met immediate short-term needs between larger renourishment events along highly localized erosional hot-spots. Projects such as these, specifically the most recent truckhaul projects, are good examples of projects that may be considered for future maintenance of the Segment III beach conditions. Information such as sand sources, access, construction methods and funding approaches implemented for these projects is valuable for the purposes of future beach management planning along the Segment III shoreline. Sand Bypassing at Port Everglades Inlet. Port Everglades Inlet is a complete barrier to littoral drift along the southern Broward County shoreline. As a result, the only means of transferring sand across the inlet is through artificial sand bypassing. Although there is no formal program for periodic sand bypassing at Port Everglades Inlet, sand removed from the inlet has been placed along the Segment III beaches during several past events. These events, however, were related more to the opportunistic disposal of material from the inlet rather than a strategic inlet management activity at Port Everglades or beach management activity for the Segment III shoreline. The exact amount of sand that was transferred to the downdrift (i.e., south) shoreline prior to 2005 from dredging at the inlet is not known. Available records and reports about pre-2005 sand placement on Segment III from Port Everglades dredging are not consistent. Specifically, Marino (1986) reported that prior to 1962, 500,000 cy of sand was bypassed from Port Everglades, and between 1962 and 1974, an additional 1,600,000 cy of sand was placed at JUL from the inlet. CP&E (1987) reported that between 1974 and 1987, no dredging occurred at Port Everglades which resulted in the placement of sand on the beach south of the inlet, Coastal Tech (1994; Port Everglades Inlet Management Plan (IMP) study), reported that prior to 1962, less than 35,000 cy of material were dredged from the inlet and disposed of on the beach south of the inlet, Broward County, FL Shore Protection Project 10 olsen associates, inc.