Bringing People Together Anywhere Anytime

Bringing People Together Anywhere Anytime

History of mobile communication 1G 1980s analog traffic digital signaling 2G 1990s (GSM) TDMA, SMS, circuit switched data transfer 9.6kbps 2.5 2000s (GPRS, EDGE) Packet switched data transfer 50-150 kbps 3G 2000s (WCDMA, CDMA 2000) 2 Mbps 3.9 2010s Long Term Evolution (LTE) 100Mbps (DL) 4G IMT Advanced, ITU 1Gbps

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Rich ecosystem New applications Growing mobile adoption Rise of the millenials Fixed broadband life Massively adopted now and exportable to mobile by 2013 roughly 4 billion people will be carrying mobile phones! The Millennials generation born and/or raised with Internet (11-25 years old) Within 5 years, millennials will spread their early-adopters life style into their adult lives & enterprises My life in my handset New generation of devices and communicating machines Connected broadband life style soon becomes mainstream

Resulting in massive mobile traffic growth Pbytes/Mth 7000 6000 5000 Forecast consumption by device type WW aggregate Mobile Traffic Dongle/tablets Smart phone Feature phone 4000 3000 Source: Bell Labs analysis 2000 1000 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 x30 over next 5 years

Mbps / month/ user Proliferation of smart devices and bandwidth-hungry applications Smartphone Growth: 32 x increase per Km² by 2015 Powerful devices (1-1.5 GHz, 2500 MIPS, HD resolution) driving more usage and traffic 3,500 Smartphone Device Profile 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 Video Dominates Growth High growth in Web, Streaming, Interactive Video Apps (4x) Data usage per 4G/LTE user projected to grow from 700 MB to almost 3 GB (4x) 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 All video Gaming P2P Web browsing Messaging/voice Audio streaming Downloads/uploads Source: Bell Labs analysis / Alcatel-Lucent

Primary Capability Wireless Device Continuum Highest speed processor Larger display Processor optimized for low power consumption & small form factor 802.11 & 802.16 3G Nomadic Portable Tablet Handheld Smart Phone Cell Phone

2010 2011 2009 LTE H1 device Ecosystem H2 progressing H1 to H2 mass-market H1 by 2012 H2 H1 2012 H2 H1 2013 H2 2014+ H1 FDD Prototype products Commercial Devices (High End), USB, Netbook, Smarphone, W-DSL LTE Middle end handset LTE New connected devices LTE low end handset LTE solution Prototype 1 st Gen LTE solution LTE FDD only / Mono & Dual Band(s) 3 rd Gen LTE solution LTE FDD/TDD & EVDO/3GSM 2 nd Gen LTE solution LTE FDD & EVDO or LTE FDD & 3GSM TDD Maturity phase Early Launches Mass Market Adoption LTE solution Prototype 1 st Gen LTE solution TD-LTE only 3 rd Gen LTE solution (TD/FDD)-LTE & 3GSM/TD-SCDMA/EVDO 2 nd Gen LTE solution TD-LTE & GSM/TD-SCDMA

What is BWA?

Technology that provides high-speed wireless Internet over a wide area access Multiple technologies qualify for BWA Main competing technologies LTE Wimax

3GPP & Mobile WiMAX Timeline Mobile WiMAX Rel 1.0 802.16e-2005 Rel 1.5 802.16e Rev 2 Rel 2.0 802.16m 3GPP HSPA Rel-6 IP e2e Network HSPA+ Rel-7 & Rel-8 IMT- Advanced Ckt Switched Network LTE & LTE Advanced IP e2e Network CDMA-Based OFDMA-Based 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 11

LTE vs WiMAX First, both are 4G technologies designed to move data rather than voice and both are IP networks based on OFDM technology. The crucial difference is that, unlike WiMAX, which requires a new network to be built, LTE runs on an evolution of the existing UMTS infrastructure already used by over 80 per cent of mobile subscribers globally. This means that even though development and deployment of the LTE standard may lag Mobile WiMAX, it has a crucial incumbent advantage. Devices Maturity

LTE: Merging Technologies GSM Track (3GPP) GSM WCDMA HSPA GSM WCDMA HSPA TD-SCDMA TD-SCDMA CDMA One CDMA Track (3GPP2) CDMA One Start of LTE/EPC EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev A LTE/EPC Rel 8 LTE/EPC Rel. 9 LTE/EPC Rel.10 LTE/ EPC 2001 2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 Release 8 (Highlights) LTE FDD & TDD Interfaces LTE FDD&TDD definitions Security support Mobility Features EPC Definition and support EPC charging Advanced Antenna: MIMO CS Fall Back IMS Support Release 9 Positioning Support LTE in 800 MHz NW based Positioning IMS Emergency MBMS support in LTE Release 10 Bandwidth aggregation Relays and Repeaters MIMO Enhancements Transmission

Several migration scenarios Today Medium term Long term CDMA to LTE Scenario A Scenario B 3G1X EV-DO RevA 3G1x 3G1x EV-DO RevA/B LTE 3G1x LTE 3G1x EV-DO RevA/B LTE 3G 1X LTE W- CDMA to LTE Scenario A Scenario B GSM WCDMA GSM WCDMA GSM WCDMA GSM WCDMA LTE GSM WCDMA LTE GSM WCDMA LTE GSM to LTE GSM GSM LTE GSM LTE WiMAX to LTE May 2009 WiMAX WiMAX.16 e evol some 16m features WiMAX LTE

Long Term Evolution (LTE)

LTE is the latest standard in the mobile network technology tree that previously realized the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSxPA network technologies that now account for over 85% of all mobile subscribers. LTE will ensure 3GPP s competitive edge over other cellular technologies. Goals include Significantly increase peak data rates, scaled linearly according to spectrum allocation improving spectral efficiency lowering costs improving services making use of new spectrum opportunities Improved quality of service better integration with other open standards

3GPP Evolution Release 99 (2000): UMTS/WCDMA Release 5 (2002) : HSDPA Release 6 (2005) : HSUPA, MBMS(Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services) Release 7 (2007) : DL MIMO, IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem), optimized real-time services (VoIP, gaming, push-to-talk). Release 8(2009) :LTE (Long Term Evolution) Long Term Evolution (LTE) 3GPP work on the Evolution of the 3G Mobile System started in November 2004.

Release 8 Getting deployed and is called Long Term Evolution (LTE) First deployment by TeliaSonera in Sweden & Norway in Dec 2009 Touted as 4G but it is pre-4g or 3.9G Aims to achieve data rate up to 100 to 326 Mbps for down link 50 to 86 Mbps for up link

Release 8 New Air interface All IP flat network architecture. User plane data directly from base station to GGSN IP router bypassing RNC Higher Spectral efficiency (2 bps/hz/cell), capacity (200 active data users per 5MHz cell), low latency (less than 5ms RTT for small packets)

Motivation Need for higher data rates and greater spectral efficiency Can be achieved with HSDPA/HSUPA and/or new air interface defined by 3GPP LTE Need for Packet Switched optimized system Evolve UMTS towards packet only system Need for high quality of services Use of licensed frequencies to guarantee quality of services Always-on experience (reduce control plane latency significantly) Reduce round trip delay Need for cheaper infrastructure Simplify architecture, reduce number of network elements

A common evolution introducing highly efficient technologies GSM/UMTS GSM/EDGE GSM/EDGE TD-SCDMA CDMA2000 1X 1X/EV-DO RevA 1X/EV-DO RevA WIMAX HSPA+ UMTS/HSPA+ B/A+ L T E OFDM MIMO Flat IP Robust modulation in dense environments OFDMA (DL) / SC-FDMA (UL) Increased spectral efficiency. Simplified Rx design cheaper UE Scalable - go beyond 5 MHz limitation Increased link capacity Multiple-input, multipleoutput UL& DL. Collaborative MIMO (UL). Overcome multipath interference Flat, scalable Short TTI: 1 ms (2 ms for HSPA). Backhaul based on IP / MPLS transport. Fits with IMS, VoIP, SIP LTE bandwidths options 3G 3.9G 4G 1.4MHz 3MHz 5MHz 10MHz 20MHz IMT-2000 family IMT-Advanced family Definition in progress by ITU-R LTE introduces the building blocks of 4G 100 Mbps peak, mobile 1 Gbps peak, fixed

Excellent performance for outstanding Quality of Experience 326Mbps 20MHz 1.4MHz Spectrum flexibility Wide spectrum and bandwidth range 326Mbps 10ms RTT 2.6GHz Higher Peak Throughput 700MHz 173Mbps 86Mbps 5Mbps 11Mbps 42Mbps 14Mbps 55Mbps HSPA 5MHz 65 ms HSPA+ 5MHz 50 ms LTE 20MHz MIMO2x2 Latency Reduction LTE 20MHz MIMO4x4 Flat IP CDMA, GSM, W-CDMA, WiMAX Smooth integration Mobility, load balancing and upgrade path 10 ms HSPA HSPA+ LTE MIMO2x2 10 ms LTE MIMO4x4 cost effective IP architecture and transport A flexible technology addressing operators challenges

3GPP LTE - Evolved UTRA - Radio Interface Concepts 3G LTE Requirements Access Scheme Modulation Types Supported Peak Downlink Speed 64 QAM Peak Uplink Speed Data Type Channel Bandwidwidths OFDMA in Downlink SC-OFDMA in Uplink QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM (UL & DL) 100 (SISO), 172 (2x2 MIMO), 326 (4x4 MIMO) in (Mbps) 50 (QPSK), 57 (16 QAM), 86 (64QAM) in (Mbps) All Packet Switched Data (Voice & Data) No Circuit Switched 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 in Mhz Duplex Schemes Mobility Latency Spectral Efficiency FDD & TDD 0-15 KMPH (Optimized) 0-120 KMPH (High Performance) Idle to Active less than 100ms Small Packets ~10ms DL: 3 4 times Rel6 HSDPA UL: 2 3 times Rel6 HSUPA

Services Source: Analysys Research/UMTS Forum 2007]

LTE Network Architecture

Upgrade Path Radio Access Network 2G, 3G, GSM, EVDO, HSPA Backhaul Network T1,E1s Core Network 2G, 3G, Core Network Next Generation Access Network Data Overlay or Replacement LTE or WiMAX Increased BH Capacity All-IP Core Network Conversion to all-ip core & increased backhaul capacity required in either case 26

[Source:Technical Overview of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) Hyung G. Myung]

2G/3G All-IP, simplified network architecture CDMA / EV-DO GSM / GPRS EDGE UMTS HSPA Voice Channels IP channel BTS Node B BSC / RNC MSC SGSN PDSN GMSC Softswitch Circuit Switched Core (Voice) Packet Switched Core MGW GGSN HA PSTN Other mobile networks Internet VPN LTE+EPC New, all-ip mobile core network introduced with LTE End-to-end IP Clear delineation of control plane and data plane Simplified architecture: flat-ip architecture with a single core MME PCRF IP channel enode B SGW Evolved Packet Core (All-IP) PGW META (backhaul and backbone)

LTE-GSM/WCDMA Network Architecture 2G/3G Circuit Switch Core MSC/ SW MGW/ MGCF PSTN UTRAN Iu_B Iu_CS Packet Switch Core Data Services NodeB RNC Iu_PS SGSN Gn / Gp Gi GGSN LTE S12 S3 MME HSS eutran enb enb X2 S1-mme S1u SGW S4 S11 S5/S8 S10 S6a PCRF PGW Gx SGi Rx Operators Charging Service Data/ Voice Services Evolution of 2G/3G PS/CS Core to Single Unified Common IP Core. Preserves investment while providing seamless migration from legacy 2G/3G with state of the art IP based products.

3GPP LTE - Evolved UTRA - Radio Interface Concepts DOWNLINK : OFDMA Transmission Scheme The OFDMA systems break the available bandwidth into many narrower sub-carriers and transmit the data in parallel streams. Each sub-carrier is modulated using varying levels of QAM modulation, e.g. QPSK, QAM, 64QAM or possibly higher orders depending on signal quality

3GPP LTE - Evolved UTRA - Radio Interface Concepts UPLINK: Key Requirements Less Equipment Complexity: The complexity of the equipment should be minimized Less Transmit Power Requirements: The maximum transmit power required by the equipment should be low (low PAPR) Coverage at Cell Boundaries: Coverage of the UE should be large, which increases the quality of service at the cell boundaries. High Data Rate: The UE should support high rate applications.

3GPP LTE - Evolved UTRA - Radio Interface Concepts UPLINK: SC-FDMA transmission Scheme To facilitate efficient power amplifier design in the UE, 3GPP chose single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) in favor of OFDMA for uplink multiple access SC-FDMA improves the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) compared to OFDMA ~4 db improvement for QPSK, ~2 db improvement for 16-QAM Reduced power amplifier cost for mobile Reduced power amplifier back-off improved coverage

TD-LTE and LTE FDD basic differences Time FDD TDD FDD: Frequency Division Duplex TDD: Time Division Duplex Uplink Downlink Up & Downlink Frequency Time Frame Split Options With TD-LTE there is a flexibility to allocate more or less resources to Uplink or Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink Downlink Frequency TD-LTE is a more efficient for a asymmetrical traffic

LTE FDD and TD-LTE LTE-FDD TD-LTE One standard 3GPP TS 36.xxx (set of LTE specs) One access Scheme One Core Network Channel BW Sub-frame duration OFDMA for DL and SC-FDMA for UL epc 1.4MHz, 3MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz 1 ms Frame duration 10ms 5ms, 10ms Ratio (DL:UL) 1:1 5ms (1:3), (2:2), (3:1) 10 ms (6:3), (7:2), (8:1), (3:5) One technology, One standard 2 access options

Evolved Packet Core Solutions Serving Gateway Serving a large number of enodebs, focus on scalability and security Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway IP management ( IP anchor ), connection to external data networks; focus on highly scalable data connectivity and QoS enforcement Mobility Management Element (MME) Control-plane element, responsible for high volume mobility management and connection management (thousands of enodebs) Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) Network-wide control of flows: detection, gating, QoS and flow-based charging, authorizes network-wide use of QoS resources (manages millions on service data flows) IP channel MME PCRF enode B SGW Evolved Packet Core PGW Evolved Packet Core = end-to-end IP transformation of mobile core

New challenges of transporting LTE From a point-to-point network to a point-to-multipoint network in the RAN: The base station (enodeb) is now communicating with: The MME The S-GW All the enodebs that are eligible for handover And all over IP New backhaul solutions need to be defined.

LTE SPECTRUM WORLD-WIDE

TD-LTE frequencies defined by 3GPP TS 36.101 Operati ng Band UL Frequency (MHz) (UE Transmit - Node B Receive) 3GPP TD-LTE Frequency Bands DL Frequency (MHz) (UE Receive - Node B Transmit) Popular Name Historic valuation of TDD spectrum has been lower than FDD Opportunity to enter LTE market on a different cost base Notes 33 1900-1920 1900-1920 TDD 2.1 Europe UMTS TDD Spectrum 34 2010-2025 2010-2025 TDD 2.1 Europe UMTS TDD Spectrum 35 1850-1910 1850-1910 36 1930-1990 1930-1990 37 1910-1930 1910-1930 38 2570-2620 2570-2620 PCS Center Gap IMT Extension Center Gap Auctions already occurred in some countries rest aligned with FDD auctions 39 1880-1920 1880-1920 40 2300 2400 2300 2400 China / WiMAX 2.3GHz 41 3400-3600 3400-3600 Approval in R10. FDD equivalent Band 22 (3410-3500 / 3510-3600)

LTE deployment strategy varies upon spectrum availability North America 700MHz,2.6GHz, AWS(1.7/2.1 GHz), 850MHz, 1900 MHz Europe, Middle East & Africa 2.6GHz (FDD, TDD), 800MHz, 1.8 GHz, 2.1 GHz, 900 MHz South America N. America / Europe Freq bands Frequency bands are FDD unless noted Asia Pacific 2.1 GHz,2.6 GHz (FDD & TDD), 1.8 GHz; 2.3 GHz (TDD), 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1.7 GHz Key FDD Bands: 700 MHz, AWS (1.7/2.1 GHz), 2.6 GHz, 800 MHz,1800 MHz 1.4MHz 3MHz 5MHz 10MHz 20MHz Key TD-LTE Bands: 2.3 GHz, 2.6 GHz New spectrum for LTE 2G spectrum 3G spectrum New spectrum for LTE and/or 2G spectrum 3G spectrum refarming and/or 2G spectrum refarming 3G spectrum 700/800 MHz 900 MHz 2100 MHz 2.6 GHz 850/900/1800 MHz 1.9/2.1 GHz 850/900/1800 MHz 1.9/2.1 GHz 2.3 also for TDD

CURRENT DEVLOPMENTS

4G Under development Aims to achieve data rate up to 1Gbps (stationary) for down link 100 Mbps for highly mobile condition Standards as IMT Advanced with LTE Advanced (Release 10) and Wimax 802.16m evolving. Other technologies considered were Flash OFDMA, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), Wibro etc. which are abandoned or amalgamated. Technology platform OFDMA coupled with MIMO, dynamic channel allocation, channel-dependent scheduling

4G All IP packet switched network Technology platform OFDMA coupled with MIMO, dynamic channel allocation, channel-dependent scheduling Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks, seamless connectivity and global across multiple networks and interoperability with existing networks.

Abbreviations: agw: Access Gateway EPC: Evolved Packet core EVDO: Enhanced Voice-Data Only enb: E-UTRAN Node-B HSS: Home Subscriber Server MME: Mobility Management Entity MIMO: Multiple-input, multiple-output OFDM: Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing PAPR: Peak to Average power ratio PCRF: Policy and Charging Rules Function PGW: Packet Data Network Gateway SGW: Serving Gateway SC-FDMA: Single carrier frequency division multiple access

Thank You. End of Presentation