Energy recovery from biodigestion of organic waste in Denmark Jin Mi Triolo University of Southern Denmark September 1st 2016
Outline of the Presentation Current state and Biogas production in Denmark Co-digestion of biogas in Denmark Current issue : Organic household waste separation for biogas production New technologies and biorefinery concept in Denmark 2
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Biogas production in Denmark History 4.3PJ/yr First generation 70s Second generation 90s 2013 4
Biogas production status in Denmark (History) 1970s (First generation) Farm scale biogas plants Low profitability Lack of experience and knowledge Run by famers System failure, no production. 1980s (Second generation) Centralized biogas plants. Start codigestion (Bigadan) Organic industrial waste High methane yield Gate fee for processing waste. Improved economies. 1990s (New setbacks) Cost efficient energy policy > environmental issues No more new biogas plant 5
Current biogas production state o 25 large scale biogas plants o Over 65 farm scale plants Annual production o Produce 4.5 PJ o Animal slurry :2 mill.ton ( 10% of total slurry) o Organic waste: 0.5mill.ton o Total : 2.5mill.ton 6
7 Biogas share in RE energy 3.3 %
Goals for Danmark 2020 and Beyond By 2020: Renewable energy shares 20 % Reduction of Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions 20% By 2050: No fossil fuels before 2050 50 % of animal manure for biogas production Require 30 more central biogas plants Limited Co-feedstock 8 Maabjerg Biogas plant
Current biogas production state o 23 large scale biogas plants o Over 65 farm scale plants Annual production o Produce 4.3 PJ o Animal slurry :2 mill.ton ( 10% of total slurry) o Organic waste: 0.5mill.ton o Total : 2.5mill.ton Fish waste shipment for biogas production Technically well operated Matured Technology 9
Current biogas production state o 23 large scale biogas plants o Over 65 farm scale plants Require 30 more central Annual production biogas plants o Produce 4.3 PJ o Animal slurry :2 mill.ton ( 10% of total slurry) Limited Co-substrate o Organic waste: 0.5mill.ton o Total : 2.5mill.ton Fish waste shipment for biogas production Technically well operated Matured Technology 10
New Biogas roadmap New policy for co-substrate waste from household waste and service sector 60% of organic waste from service sector for biogas production (by 2018, current 17%). 50% of municipal organic household waste for biogas production (by 2020) New biomass for the newly built biogas plants - Algal biomass - Agricultural residues i.e., straw - Biomass in public place (road side, garden waste etc.) Danish Research focuses on (availability and suitability of new biomass) Biogas Gas potentials Cost efficient pretreatment Heavy metals Hormons Digestate = fertilizer after AD Separation Technology 11
Co-digestion of Danish biogas plant (methane production) Co-digestion ratio ( % w/w) ham 11% Abbatoir waste Slaugtherhouse waste 3% Ham Brewery waste water 11% manure 75% Methane potentials Manure: 7.1 m3/ton biomass Industrial waste water : 4 m3/ton biomass Abbatoir waste : 257 m3/ton biomass Ham: 145 m3/ton biomass September 2016
Co-digestion of Danish biogas plant (methane production) Co-digestion ratio ( % w/w) ham 11% Abbatoir waste Slaugtherhouse waste 3% Ham Brewery waste water 11% manure 75% Methane potentials Manure: 7.1 m3/ton biomass Industrial waste water : 4 m3/ton biomass Abbatoir waste : 257 m3/ton biomass Ham: 145 m3/ton biomass September 2016
Straw - Alternative biomass for biodigestion Biomass harvest : July to Sep. Conventional use : Combustion fuels for heat and El. (Since 70 s) Possibly lead to Corrosion problem in boilers (Chlorine) Annual produciton 5.5 mil. ton o o o 1/3 for bedding and feeding 1/3 for combustion 1/3 for mulched Straw chemical composition Corrosion with high chlorine Biomas cofiring (Mudgal et al., 2014) Straw C H O N K Ca Mg P S Cl Energy (kwh)/ tonne Barley 47.5 5.8 41.4 0.46 1.38 0.49 0.07 0.21 0.089 0.40 4.03 Wheat 45.6 5.8 42.4 0.48 1.01 0.31 0.10 0.10 0.082 0.19 4.00 14 Source, Teagasc Figures
CH 4 L/ kg OM Straw - Alternative biomass for biodigestion ( Very typical lignocellulosic biomass ) Lignin 12% Hemicellu -lose 27% 500 Theoretical gas potentential 450 Cellulose 48% Hemicellu lose 27% 400 350 300 250 65% of carbon NOT to biogas Pretreatment is needed 200 150 100 50 15 Lignocellulose metrix 0 Barely straw Wheat straw 1 Wheat straw 2 Confidential data 15
Deep litter Deep litter Low biodegradablity but Straw double biogas production Methane potential of straw : 130 170 CH4 m 3 /ton before pretreatment Triolo et al., 2013 Møller and Hansen, 2014 16
Biogas from municipal organic waste Incineration as Business as usual No source segregation Currently recycles 37 % of the household waste (Composting) Distribution of waste fraction (Odense municipality) Non recyclable Other recyclable Hazardous Edible food waste Wheight Distribution in Residential Types Residential type 7 Edible food waste and Non-edible waste for biogas production Non-edible waste Cardboard Paper Plastic Metal Glass Residential type 5 Residential type 3 Residential type 4 Residential type 2 Residential type 6 Residential type 1 0 100 200 300 400 KG/HOUSEHOLD/YEAR 17
Separated household organic fraction Non-edible organic waste Edible food waste 18 September 2016
Methane potential Sample Methane potential Degradability [CH4 Nm 3 *ton VS -1 ] [%] Edible food waste 508.9 97.7 Non edible organic waste 409.2 81.6 Cheese residues 774.9 95.8 Garden waste (woody waste) Garden waste (Grass clippings) 150.2 32.8 249.8 40.5 3% 7135 631 1.4 mio. US 19
20 Renescience project (Bioliquid from municipal waste)
21 Biopulp production technology from Food waste (Developing separation technology)
WWTP Biorefinery complex (Billund biorefinery) Waste water Household waste Sludge + biopulp codigestion Sludge + biopulp codigestion Hydrothermal treatment Industrial organic waste 22
Food waste co-digestion Fredericia WWTP (Full-scal operation) Municipal Waste water Biological treatment Sludge dewatering (dry metter 7% ) Household Food waste Industrial Food waste Green waste Pretreatment (Hydrothermal) 140 C and 30 min. Biogas production Biopulp 23 Biogas upgrading Natural gas 3mil.m3/yr
There are no bad materials just wrong applications 24