:100124918 (2006) 04201032108 :B84117 :A 1 2 1 3 4 (11, 510631 ; 21, 130024 ; 31, 230039 ; 41, 130021) : 14,560, :,,,,,, : ; ; ; ; 1 ( Sensation Seeking, SS) M. Zucker2 man,, [16 ], [1 ],, ( ) : (1), (, :, ) [17 ], ( ),, [1 3 ] ; (2), :,,, ( [4 6 ] ; (3) : [7,8 ] ; (4) : [9,10 ] ; (5) : [11 13 ] ; (6) :, [14,15 ] ; (7) : Marjorie J1M1,,,, ) Zuckerman, : ( Thrill and Adventure Seeking, TAS) ( Experience Seeking,ES) (Disinhibition,Dis), : (1977 - ),,, 2003. E2mail :psylina @126. com 103
(Boredom Susceptibility,BS), 6 ( Sensation Seeking Scale, SSS) Arnett,,, ( Zuckerman2SSS AISS Zuck2 erman2sss ),, [18 20 ], 1988 2000 Zuckerman2SSS Zuckerman [21, 22 ] Zuckerman2SSS,,,,, ( ) 84 212, 600, 573 285, 288 SPSS 1010,, 84,,,,,, : (1) < 013 ; (2) < 0198 : (1), Michel 1 ; (2) ; (3) 3 % ; (4) 3 [20 ],, 66, : (TAS), (Dis),,,,,,, (par2 ties),,,,,,,,,: 0 ;, 1 ;, 2 2 211 104 : 3 311, ( ) 6, 20,000, 14,560, 7,716, 6,844, 14143 2166 13,827, 729,4 1, (7,280), (7,280) SPSS 1115 Amos410
: 1 2 31412 702 712 843 775 759 623 889 801 740,, 694 814 886 861 903 730 1057 942 829 1396 1526 1729 1636 1662 1353 1946 1743 1569 0186, 0183, 0179 0187, 312 Dis 018, 66 018, 313,,,, 017, 31413 (1),, ( r(tas 3 Total) = 0190, p 314 < 0101 ; r(dis 3 Total) = 0171, p < 0101), 31411 ( r(tas 3 Dis) = 0133, p < 0101), 2 TAS Dis (2) S11 0164 S35 0164 S54 0161 S19 0163 700, S32 0161 S14 0160 S28 0161 S38 0157 (, S31 0160 S40 0156 1996 ) S26 0159 S34 0156 S58 0159 S53 0153,SSS S4 0157 S44 0153 S59 0157 S52 0150 [23 ] 16 S1 0155 S15 0149 S37 0155 S6 0149,, S12 0155 S61 0149 609 16 ( 16 ) S46 0153 S45 0147 364 ( 186, 178 ),SSS S8 0153 S63 0144 S48 0152 S56 0141 ( r = 01374, p < 01001) ;16 245 ( 132, 113 ),,,,, 1 ( 1 3 ), ( 5 %),, SSS ( r = 01403, p < 01001), 31414 Zuckerman,,,, 0130 27 %, 27 %,,,, 1,,,, 014, 30, 15 : (1) (M2C) ; (2) (M4C) ; (3) 105
(M2) ; (4) (M4) Amos 410, 7280 (maxi2 mum likelihood estimation), CFI TLI RSMEA,,CFI TLI 0195,,,,, - 1 1,, [24 ], 2 Πdf CFI TLI RMSEA, 3 3 CFA 2 df 2 Πdf CFI TLI RSMEAP M2C 6793149 404 16182 0199 0199 0105 M4C 4507177 399 11130 0199 0199 0104 M2 7470136 405 18145 0199 0198 0105 M4 11432104 405 28123 0198 0197 0106,CFI TLI 0195,RSMEA, RSMEA 0105, 2 Πdf 5,,,,,,, 4 1 ( p = 0183), 3 2 ( p = 0173), 1, 4 1, 3 2, 4, (14560 ),,TAS Dis, ( F TAS (1, 14542) = 144128, p < 01001 ; F Dis (1, 14542) = 265123, p < 01001) ( F TAS (8,14542) = 72167, p < 01001 ; F Dis (8,14542) = 374173, p < 01001) 106, ( F TAS (8, 14542) = 3195, p < 01001 ; F Dis (8,14542) = 5166, p < 01001),,,, Dis,, TAS,,,,,,, 4 N 830 941 4 TAS Dis n TAS Dis 33144 6196 21148 4184 740 33195 6197 22186 5118 33196 6166 20114 4143 800 34140 6175 21194 4176 1057 33178 6167 19196 4118 890 34172 7113 21155 4191 730 903 861 886 814 694 32194 6166 18182 3195 623 33198 6182 20119 4169 32139 7106 18189 4111 759 34121 7112 20103 4178 31108 6191 17198 3162 775 32163 7111 18181 4121 30128 6197 16194 2178 843 32121 7122 17173 3156 30107 6187 16173 2150 712 31189 6197 17112 2189 29119 6178 16134 2125 702 31166 7102 16192 2194 7716 32102 7103 18168 4110 6844 33132 7111 19173 4177 5, Zuckerman,,,,,TAS, ;Dis
:,,,,,,, Zuckerman,, [25 ] [26,27 ]?, 16, [21,22 ],,,,,,, Dis,, ; TAS,,,,,,, TAS Dis, Zuckerman Zucker2 man,, 20, [28 ], TAS,,, Zuckerman, TAS, Dis,,,,, Zuckerman ;, TAS Dis 6 (1) : (2),, (3) :,,, : [ 1 ]Zarevski P, Marugic I, Zolotic S et al.. Contribution of Arnett s in2 ventory of sensation seeking and Zuckerman s sensation seeking scale to the differentiation of athletes engaged in high and low risk sports. Personality and Individual Differences, 1998, 25 : 763-768. [2 ]Jack S J, Ronan K R. Sensation seeking among high2 and low2risk sports participants. Personality and Individual Differences, 1998, 25 : 1063-1083. [3 ]Malkin M J, Rabinowitz E. Sensation seeking and high2risk recre2 ation. Parks and Recreation, 1998, 7 : 34-45. [4 ]Thomas J J, Karen L C. Sensation seeking and drinking game par2 ticipation in heavy2drinking college students. Addictive Behaviors, 2000, 25 (1) : 109-116. [5 ] Kopstein A N, Crum R M, Celentano D D, et al. Sensation seeking needs among 8th and 11th graders : characteristics associated with cigarette and marijuana use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2001, 62 : 195-203. [6 ]..,1996,2 :49-53,42. [7 ]Nower L, Derevensky J L, Gupta R. The relationship of impulsivi2 ty, sensation seeking, coping, and substance use in youth gamblers. Psychol2 ogy of Addictive Behaviors, 2004, 18 (1) : 49-55. [8 ]Trull T J, Waudby C J, Sher KJ. Alcohol, tobacco, and drug use disorders and personality disorder symptoms. Experimental and Clinical Psy2 chophamacology, 2004, 12 (1) : 65-75. [9 ]Sunny S J Li, Chin2Chung Tsai. Sensation seeking and internet de2 pendence of Taiwanese high school adolescents. Computers in Human Behav2 ior, 2002, 18 : 411-426. [10 ],.., 2004, 12 (1) : 67-71. [11 ] Roth M. Validation of the Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking (AISS) : efficiency to predict the willingness towards occupational chance, and affection by social desirability. Personality and Individual Differences, 2003, 35 : 1307-1314. [12 ]Lourey E, McLachlan A. Elements of sensation seeking and their relationship with two aspects of humour appreciation2perceived funniness and overt expression. Personality and Individual Differences, 2003, 35 : 277-287. [ 13 ] Galloway G, Lopez K. Sensation seeking and attitudes to aspects of 107
national parks : a preliminary empirical investigation. Tourism Management, 1999, 20 : 665-671. [14 ] Carton S, Jouvent R, Bungener C, et al. Sensation seeking and depressive mood. Personality and Individual Differences, 1992, 7 : 843-849. [15 ]Watten V P, Watten R G. Psychological profiles in patients with medically refractory epilepsy. Seizure, 1999, 8 : 304-309. [16 ]Malkin M J, Rabinowitz E. Sensaion seeking and high2risk recre2 ation. Parks and Recreation, 1998, 7 : 34-45. [17 ],.. ( ),2003,203 (3) : 125-129. [18 ]Stephenson M T, Hoyle R H, Palmgreen P, et al. Brief measures of sensation seeking for screening and large2scale surveys. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2003, 72 : 279-286. [19 ]Caroline P L. Ripa, Hansen H S, Mortensen E L, et al. A Dan2 ish version of sensation seeking scale and its relation to a broad spectrum of behavioral and psychological characteristics. Personality and Individual Dif2 ferences, 2001, 30 : 1371-1386. [20 ]Michel G, Mouren2Sim oni M2C, Perez2Diaz F, et al.. Construc2 tion and validation of a sensation seeking scale for adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 1999, 26 : 159-174. [21 ],.., 1988, 3 : 328-334. [22 ]Wang W, Wu Y X, Peng Z G, et al. Test of sensation seeking in a Chinese sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 2000, 28 : 169-179. [23 ] Glicksohn J, Abulafia J. Embedding sensation seeking within the big three. Personality and Individual Differences, 1998, 25 : 1085-1099. [24 ],,..,2003, 35 (3) : 362-369. [ 25 ]Zuckerman M. Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensa2 tion seeking. New York : Cambridge University Press. 1994 : 37-38. [ 26 ] Newcomb M D, Mcgee L. Adolescent alcohol use and other delinquent be2 haviors: A one2year longitudinal analysis controlling for sensation seeking. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 1989, 3 : 345-369. [27 ]Romero E, Luengo M A, Sobral J. Personality and antisocial behavior : study of temperamental dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences, 2001, 31 : 329-348. [28 ] Zuckerman M. Sensation seeking : Beyond the optimal level of arousal. Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum. 1979 : 10. The Development and Application of Primary and Middle School Students Sensation Seeking Scale CHEN Li2na 1 ZHAN G Ming 2 J IN Zhi2cheng 1 ZHAO Shan 3 MEI Song2li 4 (1. Department of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631) (2. Department of Psychology, Northeast China Normal University, Changchun 130024) (3. Department of Philosophy, Anhui University, Hefei 230039) (4. School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021) Abstract : This paper first defined the construct of sensation seeking of primary and middle school students, based upon previous literature and experimental research work and constructed a preliminary questionnaire to measure primary school and middle school students sensation seeking. After pilot testing and a series of revisions, a 30 item scale, named the Primary and Middle School Students Sensation Seeking Scale, was constructed. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analy2 sis found that this scale had two dimensions, thrill and adventure seeking, and disinhibition. These empirical dimensions were theoretically interpretable, and the new Scale was tested to be reliable and valid enough to be applicable to measure sensation seeking of primary and middle school students. The characters of Chinese children and adolescents sensation seeking actually had the same tendency as those showed in other researches. The males sensation seeking level was higher than that of the females. Children and adolescents sensation seeking level developed with age. Key words :primary and middle school students ; sensation seeking ; risk2taking behavior ; exploratory factor analysis ; confirmatory factor analysis 108