Applying IBM Security solutions to the NIST Cybersecurity Framework

IBM Software Thought Leadership White Paper August 2014 Applying IBM Security solutions to the NIST Cybersecurity Framework Help avoid gaps in security and compliance coverage as threats and business requirements change

2 Applying IBM Security solutions to the NIST Cybersecurity Framework Introduction Approaching risk management and security frameworks is not a simple exercise. With cyber threats changing all the time and with them, an organization s business environment and ability to meet new changing requirements the ability to apply new risk strategies is critical. Such strategies are applied to the differing levels of security needed in order to evolve and support business operations and risk, not simply as an effort in compliance. Using the Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity, 1 a set of guidelines and practices created by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), provides government and non-government organizations with a vital first step toward managing cyber-security risk. Moving forward, organizations need solutions that not only satisfy the NIST Cybersecurity Framework at the time of deployment but that also enable continued security as threats and business needs change and evolve. This white paper will enumerate the Core Practices created in the NIST Cybersecurity Framework (referred to as the NIST framework ) and map each category and subcategory to the IBM solutions that can help meet the specific requirements. The components of the NIST framework The NIST framework contains five categories of core functions that are necessary to achieving cyber security: Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond and Recover. Each of these categories is subdivided into as many as 11 subcategories that describe actions or processes that support the function. With a total of nearly 90 subcategories in the NIST framework, the challenge then becomes how to ensure the organization has the solutions and capabilities it needs to use the framework as a key strategic element in the ongoing processes of managing risk. Key steps in utilizing the NIST framework are to identify the organization s implementation tier a designation that indicates the degree to which the organization s cyber-security solutions are achieving the risk tolerance of subcategories and to establish a framework profile desired outcomes from using the NIST framework in both the current and future timeframes. Periodic reviews of needs and capabilities are central to the framework s ongoing effectiveness. When applying the NIST framework, organizations must pay close attention to shifting threats and the constant need to improve their ability to meet the suggested best practices within the NIST subcategories. Organizations that have no security strategy, that have adopted security measures only in response to specific threats, or that have implemented solutions only because they have been mandated will require more thorough planning and strategy to utilize the NIST framework within their business operations. IBM Security solutions for evolving needs IBM Security solutions provide a comprehensive portfolio that can address the NIST framework core categories and subcategories, implementation tiers and framework profiles, while also enabling organizations to advance through the tiers and close gaps to meet their risk goals and objectives. Many IBM solutions address multiple core subcategories with integrated functions that are critical to ensuring cost-efficiency, simplifying management, and providing the scalability and flexibility necessary to avoid gaps in coverage as threats evolve and change. For organizations just beginning to use the NIST framework, IBM Security solutions provide a manageable starting point. For organizations with more mature security strategies and more complex and demanding protection needs, IBM Security solutions provide comprehensive controls and integrated actions to support strict risk profiles. The tables on the following pages demonstrate how the entire span of the IBM Security portfolio including products and services can help organizations achieve the insight, understanding and management capabilities necessary to identify vulnerabilities, protect assets, control access and manage cyber-security risks.

IBM Software 3 Identify Asset Management Business Environment ID.AM-1: Physical devices and systems within the organization are inventoried. ID.AM-2: Software platforms and applications within the organization are inventoried. ID.AM-3: The organizational communication and data flow is mapped. ID.AM-4: External information systems are mapped and cataloged. ID.AM-5: Resources are prioritized based on the classification/criticality/business value of hardware, devices, data and software. ID.AM-6: Workforce roles and responsibilities for business functions, including cyber security, are established. ID.BE-1: The organization s role in the supply chain is identified and communicated. ID.BE-2: The organization s place in critical infrastructure and their industry ecosystem is identified and communicated. ID.BE-3: Priorities for organizational mission, objectives and activities are established. ID.BE-4: Dependencies and critical functions for delivery of critical services are established. ID.BE-5: Resilience requirements to support delivery of critical services are established. IBM Security QRadar Vulnerability Manager, IBM Endpoint Manager, IBM Security Access Manager QRadar Vulnerability Manager, Endpoint Manager, Fiberlink,* IBM Security AppScan IBM Security QRadar SIEM, IBM Global Technology Services Information Security Framework IBM Security QRadar, Global Technology Services Information Security Framework, IBM Global Business Services, IBM OpenPages, IBM i2 Intelligence Analysis Platform QRadar SIEM, QRadar Vulnerability Manager, IBM Security AppScan, IBM Security Access Manager, OpenPages, Global Technology Services Security policy planning and development, Global Business Services IBM Security Identity Manager, IBM Security Privileged Identity Manager, IBM Security Access Manager, Global Technology Services Industrial Controls Cybersecurity Consulting, Global Business Services Global Technology Services, Global Business Services Global Technology Services Industrial Controls Cybersecurity consulting, Global Business Services Global Technology Services Security policy planning and development, Global Business Services, OpenPages, IBM Cognos QRadar SIEM, IBM Security QRadar Risk Manager, Global Technology Services Security policy planning and development, Global Business Services Global Technology Services Security Risk Assessment, Global Business Services, QRadar SIEM, QRadar Risk Manager

4 Applying IBM Security solutions to the NIST Cybersecurity Framework Identify Governance ID.GV-1: Organizational information security policy is established. ID.GV-2: Information security roles and responsibility are coordinated and aligned. ID.GV-3: Legal and regulatory requirements regarding cyber security, including privacy and civil liberties obligations, are understood and managed. ID.GV-4: Governance and risk management processes address cyber-security risks. OpenPages, Global Technology Services Security policy planning and development, Global Business Services, QRadar SIEM, QRadar Risk Manager, IBM Security SiteProtector System IBM Security Identity Manager, IBM Security Access Manager, OpenPages, Global Technology Services Identity assessment and strategy, Global Business Services, i2 Intelligence Analysis Platform OpenPages, Global Technology Services Industrial Controls Cybersecurity Consulting, Global Business Services, QRadar Risk Manager QRadar SIEM, QRadar Risk Manager, OpenPages, Global Technology Services Security Risk Assessment, Global Business Services Protect Access Control ID.RA-1: Asset vulnerabilities are identified and documented. ID.RA-2: Threat and vulnerability information is received from information-sharing forums and sources. ID.RA-3: Threats to organizational assets are identified and documented. ID.RA-4: Potential impacts are analyzed. ID.RA-5: Risk responses are identified. IBM Security Identity Manager, IBM Security Privileged Identity Manager, IBM Security Access Manager Global Technology Services Industrial Controls Cybersecurity Consulting, Global Business Services IBM Security Identity Manager, IBM Security Privileged Identity Manager, IBM Security Access Manager, Global Technology Services Industrial Controls Cybersecurity Consulting, IBM Information Security Assessment IBM Security Access Manager, IBM Tivoli Federated Identity Manager, IBM Security Access Manager for Enterprise Single Sign-On, Global Technology Services Industrial Controls Cybersecurity Consulting QRadar Vulnerability Manager, SiteProtector System

IBM Software 5 Protect Awareness and Training PR.AT-1: General users are informed and trained. Global Technology Services, Global Business Services PR.AT-2: Privileged users understand roles and responsibilities. PR.AT-3: Third-party stakeholders (suppliers, customers, partners) understand roles and responsibilities. PR.AT-4: Senior executives understand roles and responsibilities. PR.AT-5: Physical and information security personnel understand roles and responsibilities. Global Technology Services Identity assessment and strategy, Global Business Services, IBM Security Privileged Identity Manager, OpenPages Global Technology Services, Global Business Services, OpenPages Global Technology Services Identity assessment and strategy, Global Business Services, OpenPages Global Technology Services Identity assessment and strategy, Global Business Services, OpenPages, i2 Intelligence Analysis Platform Data Security PR.DS-1: Data at rest is protected. IBM Tivoli Storage Manager, IBM InfoSphere Optim PR.DS-2: Data in motion is secured. PR.DS-3: Assets are formally managed throughout removal, transfers and disposition. PR.DS-4: Adequate capacity to ensure availability is maintained. PR.DS-5: There is protection against data leaks. PR.DS-6: Intellectual property is protected. PR.DS-7: Unnecessary assets are eliminated. PR.DS-8: Separate testing environments are used in system development. PR.DS-9: Privacy of individuals and personally identifiable information (PII) is protected. IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager QRadar SIEM, Tivoli Storage Manager, Global Technology Services Data security strategy and assessment Global Technology Services, Global Business Services QRadar SIEM, SiteProtector System, IBM Power Systems GX adapters, IBM InfoSphere Guardium, Global Technology Services Endpoint & network data loss prevention QRadar SIEM, Tivoli Storage Manager, IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager, InfoSphere Guardium, Global Technology Services Endpoint and network data loss prevention Tivoli, QRadar SIEM, Endpoint Manager Global Technology Services Data security strategy and assessment, Global Business Services InfoSphere Optim, InfoSphere Guardium, Power Systems GX adapters, QRadar SIEM, IBM Security Access Manager

6 Applying IBM Security solutions to the NIST Cybersecurity Framework Protect Information Protection PR.IP-1: A baseline configuration of information technology/operational technology systems is created. PR.IP-2: A system development lifecycle to manage systems is implemented. PR.IP-3: Configuration change control processes are in place. PR.IP-4: Backups of information are managed. PR.IP-5: Policy and regulations regarding the physical operating environment for organizational assets are met. PR.IP-6: Information is destroyed according to policy and requirements. PR.IP-7: Protection processes are continuously improved. PR.IP-8: Information sharing occurs with appropriate parties. PR.IP-9: Response plans (business continuity plan(s), disaster recovery plan(s), incident handling plan(s) are in place and managed. PR.IP-10: Response plans are exercised. PR.IP-11: Cyber security is included in human resources practices (including de-provisioning, personnel screening and others). QRadar SIEM, Endpoint Manager Global Technology Services Cybersecurity Assessment and Response, Global Business Services IBM Tivoli Configuration Manager, Endpoint Manager, QRadar SIEM Tivoli Storage Manager Global Business Services, Global Technology Services Industrial Controls Cybersecurity Consulting Global Business Services, Global Technology Services, Tivoli Storage Manager Global Business Services, Global Technology Services IBM X-Force research and development team Global Business Services, IBM IT Emergency Response Services Global Business Services, IBM IT Emergency Response Services IBM Security Identity Manager, IBM Security Access Manager

IBM Software 7 Protect Maintenance Protective Technology PR.MA-1: Maintenance and repair of organizational assets is performed and logged in a timely manner, with approved and controlled tools. PR.MA-2: Remote maintenance of organizational assets is approved, logged and performed in a manner that prevents unauthorized access and supports availability requirements for important operational and information systems. PR.PT-1: Audit and log records are stored in accordance with audit policy. PR.PT-2: Removable media are protected according to a specified policy. PR.PT-3: Access to systems and assets is appropriately controlled. PR.PT-4: Communications networks are secured. PR.PT-5: Specialized systems are protected according to the risk analysis (SCADA, ICS, DLS). QRadar SIEM QRadar SIEM, IBM Security Identity Manager, Fiberlink* QRadar SIEM, QRadar Risk Manager, Global Technology Services Security policy planning and development System Storage, Tivoli Storage Manager, Endpoint Manager IBM Security Identity Manager, IBM Security Access Manager, Global Business Services, Global Technology Services Security policy planning and development SiteProtector System, Power Systems GX adapters SiteProtector System, Power Systems GX adapters

8 Applying IBM Security solutions to the NIST Cybersecurity Framework Detect Anomalies and Events Security Continuous Monitoring DE.AE-1: A baseline of normal operations and procedures is identified and managed. DE.AE-2: Detected events are analyzed to understand attack targets and methods. DE.AE-3: Cyber-security data is correlated from diverse information sources. DE.AE-4: Impact of potential cyber-security events is determined. DE.AE-05: Incident alert thresholds are created. DE.CM-1: The network is monitored to detect potential cyber-security events. DE.CM-2: The physical environment is monitored to detect potential cyber-security events. DE.CM-3: Personnel activity is monitored to detect potential cyber-security events. DE.CM-4: Malicious code is detected. DE.CM-5: Unauthorized mobile code is detected. DE.CM-6: External service providers are monitored. DE.CM-7: Unauthorized resources are monitored. DE.CM-8: Vulnerability assessments are performed. QRadar SIEM, QRadar Vulnerability Manager, SiteProtector System, IBM Security Network Protection XGS, Power Systems GX adapters, Global Technology Services Industrial Controls Cybersecurity Consulting QRadar SIEM, SiteProtector System, IBM Security Network Protection XGS, Power Systems GX adapters QRadar SIEM QRadar SIEM, QRadar Risk Manager QRadar SIEM, SiteProtector System SiteProtector System, IBM Security Network Protection XGS, Power Systems GX adapters, QRadar, Global Technology Services IBM Managed Security Services Global Technology Services, Global Technology Services Managed Security Services IBM Security Access Manager, IBM Security Identity Manager, IBM Security Privileged Identity Manager, QRadar SIEM, Global Technology Services Managed Security Services IBM Security Network Protection XGS, Power Systems GX adapters, Endpoint Manager, Fiberlink,* QRadar SIEM, Global Technology Services Managed Security Services Endpoint Manager, Fiberlink* SiteProtector System, IBM Security Network Protection XGS, Power Systems GX adapters, Global Technology Services, Global Business Services, Global Technology Services Managed Security Services QRadar SIEM, Endpoint Manager, Global Technology Services Managed Security Services AppScan, QRadar Vulnerability Manager

IBM Software 9 Detect Detection Processes DE.DP-1: Roles and responsibilities for detection are well defined to ensure accountability. DE.DP-2: Detection activities comply with all applicable requirements, including those related to privacy and civil liberties. DE.DP-3: Detection processes are exercised to ensure readiness. DE.DP-4: Event detection information is communicated to appropriate parties. DE.DP-5: Detection processes are continuously improved. IBM Security Identity Manager, IBM Security Privileged Identity Manager, IBM Security Access Manager, QRadar SIEM, Global Technology Services, Global Business Services, OpenPages Global Technology Services, Global Business Services QRadar SIEM, QRadar Vulnerability Manager SiteProtector System, IBM Security Network Protection XGS, QRadar SIEM, OpenPages, AppScan Global Technology Services Security policy planning and development, Global Business Services Respond Response Planning Communications RS.PL-1: Response plan is implemented during or after an event. RS.CO-1: Personnel know their roles and order of operations when a response is needed. RS.CO-2: Events are reported consistent with established criteria. RS.CO-3: Detection/response information, such as breach reporting requirements, is shared consistent with response plans, including those related to privacy and civil liberties. RS.CO-4: Coordination with stakeholders occurs consistent with response plans, including those related to privacy and civil liberties. RS.CO-5: Voluntary coordination occurs with external stakeholders (for example: business partners, information sharing and analysis centers or customers). IBM IT Emergency Response Services, Global Business Services, Incident Response/ERS IBM IT Emergency Response Services, Global Business Services, IBM Security Identity Manager, IBM Security Privileged Identity Manager, SiteProtector System, IBM Security QRadar SIEM, Security Operations Personnel, Incident Response/ERS IBM IT Emergency Response Services, Global Business Services, Security Operations Personnel, Incident Response/ERS IBM IT Emergency Response Services, Global Business Services, Security Operations Personnel, Incident Response/ERS IBM IT Emergency Response Services, Global Business Services, Security Operations Personnel, Incident Response/ERS Global Technology Services, Global Business Services, Security Operations Personnel, Incident Response/ERS

10 Applying IBM Security solutions to the NIST Cybersecurity Framework Respond Analysis RS.AN-1: Notifications from the detection system are investigated. RS.AN-2: Understand the impact of the incident. RS.AN-3: Forensics are performed. RS.AN-4: Incidents are classified consistent with response plans. SiteProtector System, QRadar SIEM IBM IT Emergency Response Services, Global Business Services, QRadar SIEM, QRadar Risk Manager, QRadar Vulnerability Manager QRadar SIEM, eforensics Global Technology Services, Global Business Services, SiteProtector System, QRadar SIEM, Security Operations Personnel, Incident Response/ERS Mitigation RS.MI-1: Incidents are contained. QRadar SIEM, SiteProtector System, IBM Security Network Protection XGS, Fiberlink,* eforensics RS.MI-2: Incidents are eradicated. Endpoint Manager, eforensics Improvements RS.IM-1: Response plans incorporate lessons learned. Global Technology Services, Global Business Services, Security Operations Personnel, IBM IT Emergency Response Services RS.IM-2: Response strategies are updated. IBM IT Emergency Response Services, Global Business Services, Security Operations Personnel, Incident Response/ERS, Cognos, OpenPages, IBM Security Network Protection XGS

IBM Software 11 Recover Recovery Planning RC.RP-1: Recovery plan is executed. IBM IT Emergency Response Services, Global Business Services, Tivoli Storage Manager, Security Operations Personnel, Incident Response/ERS Improvements RC.IM-1: Plans are updated with lessons learned. IBM IT Emergency Response Services, Global Business Services, OpenPages, Security Operations Personnel, Incident Response/ERS RC.IM-2: Recovery strategy is updated. IBM IT Emergency Response Services, Global Business Services, Security Operations Personnel, Incident Response/ERS, OpenPages Communications RC.CO-1: Public relations are managed. IBM IT Emergency Response Services, Global Business Services RC.CO-2: Reputation after an event is repaired. IBM IT Emergency Response Services, Global Business Services Conclusion Utilizing the guidance in the NIST framework and implementing comprehensive solutions that correspond to various aspects of the core subcategories of the framework gives an organization the ability to apply risk management principles to cyber-security. Most importantly, it sets the stage for continuous self-assessment, security adjustments and capabilities for closing gaps in protection that typically appear as threats and business needs change. A comprehensive portfolio of solutions can position an organization to move up to higher levels of maturity in risk and cyber-security management. The NIST framework is a process-focused approach to security that is centered on incident prevention and response. It lays the groundwork for a range of higher-level approaches with different areas of focus. Domain frameworks such as the IBM Security Framework that address how IT security teams organize and execute their daily operations Sectoral frameworks that address the security concerns of specific business sectors Organizational frameworks that address the unique requirements of an individual organization and its infrastructure Smart Architecture frameworks that deliver an architectural design for strengthening operations and security All of these frameworks provide the building blocks for assessing controls and managing risk. The higher maturity levels help avoid a focus on security issues that have already occurred, with a concentration instead on managing emerging issues. They help elevate the security conversation to involve higher-level executives assuring a proper focus on business needs. Ultimately, they make it possible for the entire organization not IT alone to have a stake in cyber risk management in order to help ensure ongoing security improvement, smooth transitions to new security technologies and provide greater protection for the enterprise.

For more information To learn more about the IBM Security Framework and IBM Security Systems, please contact your IBM representative or IBM Business Partner, or visit: ibm.com/security About IBM Security Systems IBM Security offers one of the most advanced and integrated portfolios of enterprise security products and services. The portfolio, supported by world-renowned X-Force research and development, provides security intelligence to help organizations holistically protect their people, infrastructures, data and applications, offering solutions for identity and access management, database security, application development, risk management, endpoint management, network security and more. These solutions enable organizations to effectively manage risk and implement integrated security for mobile, cloud, social media and other enterprise business architectures. IBM operates one of the world s broadest security research, development and delivery organizations, monitors 15 billion security events per day in more than 130 countries, and holds more than 3,000 security patents. Additionally, IBM Global Financing can help you acquire the software capabilities that your business needs in the most cost-effective and strategic way possible. We ll partner with credit-qualified clients to customize a financing solution to suit your business and development goals, enable effective cash management, and improve your total cost of ownership. Fund your critical IT investment and propel your business forward with IBM Global Financing. For more information, visit: ibm.com/financing Copyright IBM Corporation 2014 IBM Corporation Software Group Route 100 Somers, NY 10589 Produced in the United States of America August 2014 IBM, the IBM logo, ibm.com, AppScan, Cognos, Global Business Services, Global Technology Services, Guardium, i2, InfoSphere, OpenPages, QRadar, Tivoli, and X-Force are trademarks of International Business Machines Corp., registered in many jurisdictions worldwide. Other product and service names might be trademarks of IBM or other companies. A current list of IBM trademarks is available on the web at Copyright and trademark information at ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml This document is current as of the initial date of publication and may be changed by IBM at any time. Not all offerings are available in every country in which IBM operates. It is the user s responsibility to evaluate and verify the operation of any other products or programs with IBM products and programs. THE INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED AS IS WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND ANY WARRANTY OR CONDITION OF NON-INFRINGEMENT. IBM products are warranted according to the terms and conditions of the agreements under which they are provided. Statement of Good Security Practices: IT system security involves protecting systems and information through prevention, detection and response to improper access from within and outside your enterprise. Improper access can result in information being altered, destroyed or misappropriated or can result in damage to or misuse of your systems, including to attack others. No IT system or product should be considered completely secure and no single product or security measure can be completely effective in preventing improper access. IBM systems and products are designed to be part of a comprehensive security approach, which will necessarily involve additional operational procedures, and may require other systems, products or services to be most effective. IBM does not warrant that systems and products are immune from the malicious or illegal conduct of any party. * Fiberlink Communications was acquired by IBM in December of 2013. 1 National Institute of Standards and Technology, Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity, February 12, 2014. http://www.nist.gov/cyberframework/upload/ cybersecurity-framework-021214-final.pdf Please Recycle WGW03064-USEN-00