Police Presentation to Communications Workshop Inspector Gerry Prins
History of SAR in New Zealand - 1 Pre 1900s searches carried out for lost/wrecked ships but people lost in back country often were never rescued From 1890s volunteer coastguard organisations in Canterbury and Auckland helped people in trouble at sea In 1920s local search parties of police and volunteers from tramping, hunting or climbing clubs were formed if people went missing in bush In 1930s rules and procedures agreed Police to organise land searches logical due to nationwide presence and communications network
History of SAR in New Zealand - 2 Pre World War II no national organisation for search and rescue in aviation area 1948-1949 NZ subscribed to Chicago Convention Formed Search and Rescue committee to search for missing aircraft By 1961 there were sub-committees in major centres to coordinate searches in those areas Three classes of rescue: Class I, II and III NZ Police managed Class I and Class II Civil Aviation Division managed Class III rescues through Rescue Coordination Centres in Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin
History of SAR in New Zealand - 3 1964 police set up special SAR squads to cope with the increasing numbers of rescues as more and more people took part in outdoor activities 1976 New Zealand Coastguard Federation formed bringing together regional and local Coastguard units Federated Mountain Clubs committee for policy and training in 1966 In 1994 committee became a separate organisation New Zealand Land Search and Rescue Formal agreement with Police on supporting management of land searches
History of SAR in New Zealand - 4 1989 - Rescue Coordination Centres were replaced by National Rescue Coordination Centre run by Civil Aviation Authority Fatal boating accident off Oamaru in May 2003 exposed communications problems Review led to Government funding of 24/7 service to be provided by new body In 2003 the New Zealand Search and Rescue Council was formed Rescue Coordination Centre New Zealand established under management of Maritime New Zealand Operational on 05 July 2004
Police SAR Structure 12 Police Districts 23 SAR squads responsible for areas within their districts. Squad members trained in SAR and Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) Members complete SAR in addition to usual policing duties. Full time SAR Coordinators in Canterbury, Tasman, Wellington, Central, Auckland
The Big Picture Prosecutions Comms Centres Crime Services 12 District Commanders Commercial Vehicle Investigation Unit Accounts Processing Legal Services Information & Technology Infringement Human Resources Licensing & Vetting Training Police National Headquarters
District Management Structure Area Manager Strategic Traffic Manager Operations Manager District Commander Crime Services Manager Human Resources Manager Business Services Manager Policing Development Manager Optional Manager Complaints Review
SAR Partners Land SAR New Zealand Royal New Zealand Coastguard Federation Surf Life Saving New Zealand Amateur Radio Emergency Corps RCCNZ / Maritime NZ SAR Secretariat / SAR Council Numerous other groups also assist
SAR Activation Process Incident Call to Police Communications Centre 111 Communications centre activate SAR Plan If urgent will dispatch resources such as Coastguard, helicopter Police SAR Coordinator for that area contacted CIMS used to coordinate a search
Search and Rescue Operation A Search and Rescue Operation (SAROP) is an operation undertaken by a Coordinating Authority to locate and retrieve persons missing or in distress. The intention of the operation is to save lives, prevent or minimise injuries and remove persons from situations of peril by locating persons, providing for initial medial care or other needs and then delivering them to a place of safety.
Coordinating Authority The Coordinating Authority is the agency or body responsible for the overall conduct of the Search and Rescue Operation. The Coordinating Authority will lead and manage the operation. The New Zealand Police and the Rescue Coordination Centre New Zealand are the recognised Coordinating Authorities in New Zealand.
Category I SAR Definition A SAROP coordinated at the local level; including land operations, subterranean operations, river, lake and inland waterway operations and close-to-shore marine operations The nature of close-to-shore will vary according to the availability of local resources and the need to task national assets. Typically such operations will be within NZ Territorial Waters (12 nautical miles). Category I SAROPs typically require the use of local personnel and resources and can be carried out efficiently and effectively at the local level.
Category II SAR Definition A SAROP coordinated at the national level; including, operations associated with missing aircraft or aircraft in distress and off-shore marine operations within the New Zealand Search and Rescue Region. With the agreement of both Coordinating Authorities any SAROP may be recategorised at any time and responsibility passed in either direction.
STRATEGIC ISSUES Coordination of SAROPs with RCCNZ Continue to improve working relationships Hard Out Coronial Report Police are in charge!! Training Development SAR Council direction on training National Curriculum Joint Training Courses Training/development of CIMS Police SAR Training Courses at Police College
Lessons Wanganui Incident Controller is responsible must ensure a Incident Management Team is bought together open and frank discussions are held challenges are made to any assumptions/plans. SAR Coordinators need to ensure strong relationships exist between Police and SAR Partners. Police Land and Marine Pre Plans need to ensure capability of aviation rescue assets are regularly updated.
Questions??
INTRODUCTION Jeff Sayer National Director AREC Licensed amateur radio operator and involved in SAR activity for 50 years Commercial helicopter pilot for 30 years including stint at Life Flight Trust in Wellington Topic - History, purpose, role, and organisation of AREC in land based SAR operations
AREC Introduction The objective of Amateur Radio Emergency Communications is to support LandSAR and other emergency services with the provision of experienced radio communications personnel and advice AREC is an associate member of LandSAR New Zealand and a member of the New Zealand Search and Rescue (NZSAR) Consultative Committee All members of the organization are unpaid volunteers
HISTORY -1931 Earthquake devastates Napier Telegraph and telephone communications disrupted
1931 Amateurs and P&T work together Amateur radio stations used by Post and Telegraph department to restore vital communications
PURPOSE - 1932 AREC formed Established after the Napier earthquake to train radio operators in providing reliable message handling over the length of the country for any type of emergency Individually licensed amateur radio operators required to meet standards set by Radio Spectrum Management, part of the Ministry of Economic Development Members drawn from every walk of life and profession giving a breadth of experience aligned to unique technical depth
1951 Radio communications After the Second World War, search and rescue teams began to use war surplus radio equipment for communications During the search for lost tramper Stanley Vial, in 1951 this primitive and heavy equipment was used to communicate from the field HQ to town base
1989 Radio communications By the mid 80s the New Zealand made AWA portable radio was in common use for SAR Image shows the radio in use during the hunt for three Venturer Scouts missing in the Tararua Range in June 1989
ROLE - AREC contributions to Land SAR AREC provides operational support to LandSAR Operators, equipment, and training Portable HF radio development Advice, development, and support with ICT aspects of SAR Pioneered VHF repeater usage Tracking systems 121.5 MHz beacons and patients Development of deployable IT networks Licensing services and type approval advice
Operators, equipment, and training
Portable repeaters
Terrain evaluation for VHF coverage
HF propagation predictions
ORGANISATION Parent body is NZART Inc National Director, Deputy, and National Secretary Area Managers - Northern, Central, Midlands and Southern 45 active Sections - Section and Deputy Section Leaders Funded via local section contributions and a Trust with LandSAR representation on board
THE END
INTRODUCTION Rex Aubrey Police National Headquarters Radio Engineering Officer Past LandSAR Advisory Group Member Past NZLSAR Communications Subcommittee Member AGENDA Use of Radio Frequencies Policy Police SAR Equipment Scale Importance of HF New Police Digital Network
OLD NZLSAR COMMS SUBCOMMITTEE Guided LandSAR comms for more than 10 years until Dec 2006 Rex Aubrey, Ross Thompson, Bruce McLachlan, Ian Gardiner Terry Waghorn, Jeff Sayer, Steve Davis (absent Graham Thorp)
USE OF RADIO FREQUENCIES Over the past 10 years under the guidance of the former NZLSAR Communications Sub Committee, the NZ Police have purchased a quantity of VHF and HF radios to adequately fulfill Search and Rescue needs All radios comply with the NZ radio regulations and are described as 'type approved now a legal requirement All Police SAR VHF radios are programmed the same throughout the country with 16 'common' channels in 'Bank 1' The ESB repeater channels are only licensed for transportable operation Written permission from the various agencies is to be applied for by the owners of the radio legal requirement
POLICE SAR EQUIPMENT SCALE 228 VHF hand-held radios (in kits of six portables) 29 VHF mobile radios (transportable base stations) 33 VHF repeaters 180 HF Polsar portables Equipment owned and maintained by Police with purchase coordinated with old NZLSAR Communications Subcommittee
VHF Handheld Kit North Island Distribution Area Qty Area Qty Whangarei 1 Napier 1 Auckland 1 New Plymouth 1 Hamilton 1 Wanganui 1 Thames 1 Taumarunui 1 Whakatane 1 Palmerston North 1 Rotorua 1 Levin 1 Tauranga 1 Wellington City 2 Taupo 1 Masterton 1 Gisborne 1 Wairoa 1 Police National HQ 1
VHF Handheld Kit South Island Distribution Area Qty Area Qty Nelson 1 Sth Canterbury 1 Takaka 1 Whataroa 1 Blenheim 1 Dunedin 1 Kaikoura 1 Queenstown 1 Greymouth 1 Te Anau 1 Westport 1 Tekapo Canterbury 2 Wanaka 1 Haast 1 Invercargill 1
VHF Repeater Distribution North Island Auckland Services, Whangarei, Hamilton, Whakatane, Rotorua Tauranga, Taupo, Gisborne, Napier, New Plymouth, Wanganui Taumarunui, Palmerston North, Levin, Wellington City, Masterton South Island Takaka, Blenheim, Nelson, Greymouth, Kaikoura, Westport Christchurch (link), Canterbury, Sth Canterbury, Whataroa, Dunedin Queenstown, Te Anau, Invercargill National Spares Police HQ, Police HQ (link), Ak I&T (link), and Wgtn I&T (link)
HF Polsar Distribution Area Qty Area Qty North Island Palmerston Nth 5 Whangarei 6 Levin 5 Auckland 4 Masterton 3 Hamilton 6 Wellington 8 Rotorua 34 Spare (Rex) 3 Wairoa 2 Taumarunui 4 South Island Napier 8 Nelson 31 New Plymouth 4 Christchurch 43 Wanganui 5 Dunedin 9
IMPORTANCE OF HF Still vital tool for remote area communications Important that all teams remain completely familiar with HF radio Telephone interconnects now provide good level of HF service to base locations in otherwise high noise locations HF propagation sometimes requires expert help (AREC) IPS Australia predictions available on the web: www.ips.gov.au
HF Station Antenna At Mt Climie
NEW POLSAR HF EQUIPMENT Standard SAR Team Version Specialist Group Selcall Version
POLICE P25 DIGTIAL NETWORK Digital network for operational Policing needs APCO P25 FDMA trunking digital network Allows conventional FM and digital P25 operation in one radio UHF portable equipment in ESD band VHF mobile equipment in ESB band VHF mobile radios enable all NZ SAR frequencies to be fitted to every police vehicle Wellington, Hutt, Kapiti/Mana, and Wairarapa vehicles now have access to SAR frequencies
UHF PORTABLE NEW POLICE DIGITAL RADIO EQUIPMENT VHF MOBILE
Police P25 Digital Network Digital Network Coverage Expected Test July 2008 Wellington Mid 2009 Auckland Late 2010 North Canterbury Late 2010 Smaller centres 2011-2014 NZ Fire and St John Ambulance 2011-2014 Whole of Government national roll-out Early 2014
Welcome to South Island Mountain Radio Service View near Glenorchy - Southern Station
Canterbury Mountain Radio Service Inc. operating as South Island Mountain Radio Founded in 1968 Pioneered Mountain radio Over forty years experience now 10 x AM radios in 1969 1 st Single Sideband Bases in 1978 1 st SSB Radios in 1980 218 + SSB Radios in 2009
MRS3 Mountain Radios
MRS1 Radios Hut Radio
ZKIB Base Station System UHF links in I Band - Covers Christchurch Low Noise solar powered Northern site at Loburn and Southern site at Glenorchy Modern technology including broadband Telephone Inter-connect units on both sites 80% of emergencies are direct to St Johns or Police from field sets TOTAL South Island and Stewart Island Coverage
Distribution Main Office Montreal St Christchurch Depots: Dunedin, Invercargill, Bluff, Te Anau, Westport, Hokitika, Blenheim, Motueka, Wanaka and Queenstown We Handle North Island radios when in South Island
Marley s Hill UHF Equipment
White Rock Site Solar powered HF Site
Important Details Voluntary non-profit organization now has Charitable Society status (2009) Strong links to Canterbury Mountaineering Club and NZ Alpine Club Distribution points in Christchurch, Hokitika, Dunedin, Nelson, Invercargill, Te Anau, Wanaka, Queenstown, Bluff took over Southland Field Radio in February 2009 Hut radios in Cameron, Park Morpeth, Macaulay, Barker, Pinnacles, St Winifreds and Reischek mountain huts 365 days per year 24/7 operation Weather forecasts and messages are standard services
Moderate Fees Weekend rate - $40/radio Weekly rate - $50/radio for private parties Weekly rate - $60/radio for commercial customers Long term rates negotiable Selcall microphone - $10/week Rates for 4WD users $150/annum
White Rock Equipment
Simplified Diagram
System Diagram
Southern Remote Site
Help! That s It Folks
Department of Conservation NZSAR Land Communication Workshop 2009
Introduction DoC Radio Network Overview DoC VHF Radio Network Alternative Network options Public Protection Disaster Recovery Access and Permissions 4 November 2009 2
Doc Radio Network Overview
DoC Radio Network Overview Why does DOC have a Radio Communications Network? Thirty percent of NZ land mass is DoC estate To meet DOC's needs for Health and Safety, Rural Fire and day to day operational requirements. Most of the staff work in remote areas with no cellphone coverage and away from telephones. DOC has its own VHF and HF radio communication networks to fill the gap. VHF (Very High Frequency 30-300MHz) HF (High Frequency 3 30MHz) 4 November 2009 4
DoC Radio Network Overview Why is both VHF and HF radio used? The Network consists of a VHF repeater system which meets most of the communication needs. Gaps in VHF coverage because it is unable to get over or through obstacles that block the line of sight path. HF radio is able to get over the obstacles by bouncing signals from the Ionosphere. X X VHF signals HF signals 4 November 2009 5
DoC Radio Network Overview How is it Supported? A Support Team in National Office (4 staff) A Radio Help Desk (Transfield services as of end October 09) National Contractor (Transfield services as of end October 09) Transfield Services selected Sub Contractors Technology Suppliers Local DOC staff 4 November 2009 6
DoC Radio Network Overview Numbers of VHF Radios in DOC 105 Repeater sites 42 Portable repeaters 70 Telephone Interconnects 700 Mobiles 150 Bases and Hut radios 1250 Handhelds 4 November 2009 7
Doc Radio Network Overview Numbers of HF Radios in DOC 160 Portable HF Units (SR3) 14 Semi portable Units (Qmac) 26 Base and Hut HF radios 6 Telephone Interconnect Sites SR-3 Other Radio Technology Satellite phones (24 Iridium that we know about) Fixed satellite installations for data to offices Cell phones (723 including data cards) 4 November 2009 8
VHF Radio Network
VHF Radio Network 4 November 2009 10
VHF Radio Network DoC Radio Channel Plans Unique radio channel plans for each of the twelve Conservancy. The first thirty DoC channels are standardise over all conservancies. 16 Duplex and three simplex radio channels allocated exclusively to the Doc in Emergency Service B VHF band. Only 14 duplex channels are used nationally, average reuse is over 7 times per channel. (DoC also sponsor Maritime NZ, Auckland and Christchurch regional parks use of its ESB channels) All the radios for each conservancy have the same Channel plan / data file loaded in the radio which has all the channel information to allow the radios to work. Individual to each radio is the radio callsign / ID and Selcall number 4 November 2009 11
VHF Radio Network Is it a Network? Each Channel is parented to a DoC Area office, base station hence access is effective controlled at this level. Site radio coverage is dimensioned for a specific work area satisfying a particular work requirements of the Area Office, e.g. Kiwi, track, or pest control. Within a conservancy some VHF repeaters are linked together via UHF bearers to increase coverage. Not preferred due increase channel loading /activity. Each radio repeater has an associate radiotelephone interconnect facility so it can access the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 4 November 2009 12
VHF Radio Network DOC VHF Radio Network Of the approximately 100 radio sites over 80 of these are solar sites. Power is an issue : Average repeater designed for 1-2 Hours Max transmit per 24Hrour period, 10 days with no sun. High altitude Helicopter access Currently building 2-3 new sites per year, likely to be less in the future. Approx $50K + to establish a new site. Portable repeaters used to provide extra network capacity and infill as well as for Co-ordinated Incident Management (CIMS) events. 4 November 2009 13
Radio Alternative Network Options
Alternative Network Options Portable VHF Repeater Features Two models of stand alone repeaters for: i) CIMS typically Forest Fires (orange pelican case) ii) General Operations (grey pelican case) Providing extra network capacity Or for extending network coverage as a relay station Temporary deployment (typically Days, Months) 4 November 2009 15
Alternative Network Options Portable repeater additional features for longer term deployment Additional Solar Power Supply 100 AH Battery 40 Watt Solar panel Mast Kit 4 November 2009 16
Alternative Network Options HF HF a low cost technology HF is one to many operation Long antennas and semi-permanent field set up are required Variable communication due to changes of the Ionosphere throughout the day and night and seasons Good HF field knowledge to operate effectively Six HF radio telephone interconnect gateway SR-3 A e 4 November 2009 17
Alternative Network Options Satellite Satellite is expensive Similar to using a cellphone Satellite is one to one operation Global coverage (off shore islands) Prone to call dropout Don t work well in steep ravines or under bush canopy 4 November 2009 18
Future Public Protection Disaster Relief Digital Radio Network
PPDR Digital Radio Long term advantages for DOC of joining a PPDR Network True national radio network More coverage High level of support (managed service SLA) High priority for faults and issues Potentially better interoperability with other agencies Digital is likely to become the standard, offering new applications Terminals can be purchased at contracted rates 4 November 2009 20
PPDR Digital Radio Issues for DOC joining a digital PPDR network Coverage (DOC needs radio coverage in the remote unpopulated DoC estate) Solar Power issues (Digital radio is power hungry and DOC sites typically are solar sites) Cost (Digital radios are expensive compared to analogue radios) Interconnection to other networks (Maritime, PSTN, LMR ) 4 November 2009 21
PPDR Digital Radio Our approach Currently working with other agencies and talking about interoperability issues Taking a long term approach given the DOC radio network is still in a sound condition Looking for a digital capable radio that meets DOC s requirements i.e. light, waterproof and capable of working on the a digital network once software licence keys are purchased. What we look for is a digital radio that can operate as a conventional analogue radio supporting CTCSS, 5 tone selcall, etc. Plus be upgradable to the digital Network by reprogramming firmware software 4 November 2009 22
Radio : Access and Permissions Accessing DoC Network Issues: New Zealand Radiocommunications Regulations, Reg 13 ESB Band SAR group needs to be sponsored by DoC Area Manager Develop relationship with local DoC staff 4 November 2009 23
Land SAR Frequency Use AREC Equipment Programme
Introduction John Yaldwyn AREC Area Manager Central Licensed radio operator and involved in SAR activity for 30 years Communications Advisor LandSAR Wellington RSM / MED Approved Radio Certifier CTO 4RF Communications Ltd Agenda Land SAR communications frequency use AREC new equipment programme Licensing and compliance Issues 2 2009 ZL4JY AREC 04/11/2009
Communications are the cornerstone of SAR today It is hard to image SAR operations without communications. VHF and HF radio are the key means used to coordinate SAR activity. But the beginnings were humble From 1930 AREC have been providing communications for SAR (alongside RNZ Signal Corps). AREC introduced the first valve based portable radios to SAR, the ZC1 and TRP- 1, and later Civil Aviation provided and maintained field team radios in the form of the P4, TR3, and later TR105 equipments. Today radio systems used for SAR are based on combination of existing in-service equipment used by Police, RNZAF, DoC, and MCDEM with purpose deployed equipment provided by Police and volunteer organizations, primarily LandSAR and AREC. Frequencies licenced by Police in the Emergency Services B band provide the key VHF capability, supporting both simplex and repeater operation. Based on policy decided in 2004, Police resources are focused on portable repeater assets. In some areas fixed repeaters are appropriate because of the high number of operations. These repeaters may be existing machines owned by a TLA or DoC. Alternatively the local LandSAR or AREC group may fund an installation using Police licenced MS or nationally sponsored EE band frequencies. The new Police ESB fixed network provides further opportunities. 3 2009 ZL4JY AREC 04/11/2009
A little history Pye PTC102 77MHz 1949 ZC1 Field Base HF Radio 1944 Pye Bantam 40MHz 1960 AWA P4 HF 1970 Tait T30x VHF 1970 Condor/Codan HF 1980 4 2009 ZL4JY AREC 04/11/2009
SAR VHF FM line-of-sight and long distance HF allocations VHF ESB Band Public Safety Radio Frequency Management Group (PSRFMG) managed Narrow band 12.5 khz channel spacing Conventional FM simplex and repeater use PSRFMG and LandSAR P25 digital trunking use Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR) agencies VHF Marine Wideband 25 khz channels compatible with Maritime VHF service VHF MS / EE / Other MS band wideband 25 khz legacy channels for fixed repeaters EE band narrowband 12.5 khz channels for fixed repeaters Local VHF channels (often TLA) such as E band and old CD band channels HF/SSB Long range HF radios deployed with field teams and fitted to marine and aircraft assets Long history of effective usage but skill required to deploy successfully 5 2009 ZL4JY AREC 04/11/2009
VHF ESB Band 138 144 MHz 12.5 khz Channel Mode Purpose ESX 07 Simplex Team to team communications ESX 53 Simplex Team to team communications ESX 39 Simplex Emergency services liaison simplex ESB 57 Repeater Portable repeater use ESB 58 Repeater Portable repeater use ESB 59 Repeater Portable repeater use ESB 60 Repeater Portable repeater use ESB 163 Repeater DoC 20 portable repeater ESB 164 Repeater Emergency services liaison repeater Note: Simplex = single frequency direct operation 6 2009 ZL4JY AREC 04/11/2009
VHF Marine Band 156 162 MHz 25 khz Channel Mode Purpose MM 06 Simplex Marine Ch 6 ship to ship MM 16 Simplex Marine Ch 16 Emergency / Calling VHF MS Band 158 161.5 MHz 25 khz Channel Mode Purpose MS 08 Repeater Legacy fixed repeater MS 17 Repeater Legacy fixed repeater MSX 27 Simplex Ground to Air for RNZAF & other aircraft 1. Simplex = single frequency direct radio to radio operation 7 2009 ZL4JY AREC 04/11/2009
VHF EE Band 162.5 174 MHz 12.5 khz Channel Mode Purpose EE 122 Repeater New fixed repeaters EE 196 Repeater New fixed repeaters HF SSB allocations Channel Mode Purpose 3023 khz USB Simplex Long range beyond line of sight 5680 khz USB Simplex Long range beyond line of sight HF systems using selective calling and telecal features now provide telephone interconnection from the field. Able to provide telephone access to the most remote parts of NZ. AREC have access to interconnects at Greymouth, Wanganui, Waikanae, Masterton, and Matamata with 3023/5680 khz and other HF frequencies. 8 2009 ZL4JY AREC 04/11/2009
Licensing All radio systems used for SAR require some form of licence from RSM/MED. LandSAR USE OF RADIO FREQUENCIES Policy & Procedures sets out licensing requirements for the nationally used SAR VHF frequencies Policy requires all equipment to meet NZ radio regulations (type approved) Aircraft and vessels have HF SAR frequencies under general user licences (GURL) Land use of SAR HF requires licence, AREC has a licence for 30 sets Major compliance effort under action AREC new equipment program introducing new approved radios for HF New HF deployed in Christchurch, Lower Hutt, Martin, Masterton, Thames, Dannevirke, Hastings, Hamilton, Tauranga, New Plymouth, Auckland, Marlborough, Wanganui and Wellington LandSAR procurement activity for 100-150 VHF radios under way Formal procedure for first bank of 16 nationally used channels. Local channel use (second bank of 16 channels) typically requires Regulation 13 permission letter for licence holder and ideally an MoU on usage. 9 2009 ZL4JY AREC 04/11/2009
NEW EQUIPMENT AREC new type approved HF/SSB base sets Provided to AREC in areas with most SAR activity in last 2 years First 15 units already in the field fitted with SAR, MRS, and 4WD freqs Sets are licensed with ZKH 20xx series call signs 2009 ZL4JY AREC
NEW EQUIPMENT Cross band linking repeaters Portable type approved ESB band to F band UHF linking Used to access remote VHF DoC, CD, and SAR repeaters from base Same battery as yellow box repeaters, fitted with low battery drop out Unique dual band ESB / F band antenna 2009 ZL4JY AREC
Issues Future pressure probable from PPDR digital network on ESB allocations. One option is to increase use of EE band with similar technical characteristics. EE band allows for 220 repeaters and 87 simplex channels that are presently moderately loaded (average 2.2 repeater and 4 simplex licenses per channel). New DoC portable repeater allocations are in EE band (4 portable repeater allocations) Availability of frequencies is an issue in Wellington and for proposed new 5 repeater system to cover Tararua and Ruahine ranges. EE band one possible solution. Re-planning of entire VHF band 136 174 MHz may one day be necessary but beyond scope of our discussion here! Antenna choices becoming critical in planning VHF systems for SAR. Normal mobile antenna do not effectively cover the range of frequencies covered by ESB, marine, and EE VHF allocation (138 174 MHz). Common portable radio antennas are designed for (138 150 MHz), inadequate for even ESB and marine allocations. 12 2009 ZL4JY AREC 04/11/2009
NZSAR Land Based SAR Communications Workshop FLT LT Mike Martin 22 nd Oct 2009
Introduction FLTLT Mike Martin CISO SOIS DCIS(F)
Current Capability UH1-H P-3K C-130 Future Capability NH-90 (MUH) A-109 (TLUH) P-3K2 C-130 SAR Platforms
UH-1H Iroquois HF RC HF-9000 U/VHF AN/ARC-182 P-3K Orion HF RC HF-9000 U/VHF AN/ARC-182 C-130 Hercules HF RC HF-9000 U/VHF AN/ARC-182 Current Capability
Current Land Capability Air CIS HF Harris AN/PRC-150 (RF-5800) Harris RF1140C 1kW transmitters Controlled using a IP-based remote control system ALE implementation under action V/UHF RACAL AN/PRC 148 (MBITR) Harris AN/PRC 117F Motorola RT328 SAT Ku Band C Band Inmarsat (BGAN, B and M4) Iridium Mobile UHF MILSATCOM (AN/PRC 148 and AN/PRC 117F)
NH-90 Wulfsberg RT-5000 AN/ARC210(V) (RT-1851C) HF-9087D RSC-125G Mission Planning GPS Multifunction Display Weather Radar Dual hoist winch Future Capability
A-109 Wulfsberg RT-5000 AN/ARC210(V) (RT-1851C) HF 9000 Mission Planning GPS Multifunction Display Weather Radar Future Capability
P-3K2 EO System Wulfsberg (RT-5000) AN/ARC210(V) (RT-1851C) RC HF-9550 Aero H+ SWIFT 64 Mission Planning GPS LINK 16 Future Capability
Same area
WULFSBERG RT-5000 29.7-960 MHz Main Transceiver 136 174 MHz P25 Module 10 Watts FM/15 Watts AM (Nominal) 403 470 MHz P25 Module TX Power 380 470 MHz P25 Module 1.25 khz Tuning 450 520 MHz P25 Module 764 870 MHz 12.5/25/35/70 khz IF Bandwidths 806 869 MHz P25 Module CTCSS/DCS Tone Squelch Encryption: DES-XL, DES-OBF, FAA PMA Certified (Pending) DVP- XL, DVI-XL, AES, APCO 25 (P-25)
ARC210(V) 1851C 30-88 MHZ FM Normal/secure voice, 150 Hz tone transmission, SINCGARS-V 108-137 MHz AM Normal voice, 121.5 MHz Guard Receiver, ADF, 108-118 MHz receive only 137-156 MHz AM/FM Normal/secure voice, 1020 Hz tone transmission, ADF 225-400 MHz AM Normal/secure voice, 1020 Hz tone transmission, ADF, CASS/DICASS, HAVE QUICK, HAVE QUICK II, 243 MHz Guard Receiver
Rockwell Collins HF-9000 Frequency: 2.0 to 29.9999 MHz Modes: USB, LSB, ISB, AM/AME, CW 200W peak/100w average Embedded ALE: MIL-STD-188-141B Embedded Modem: MIL-STD-188-110B, Appendices C and F (Data rates up to 19.2 kbps) Embedded ARINC 714-6 SELCAL decoder 249 ITU radiotelephone and six emergency channels pre-programmed
Rockwell Collins RSC-125G The RSC-125G Personnel Locator System is a position reporting and communication system for Combat Search And Rescue (CSAR) missions. The RSC-125G is fully interoperable with several General Dynamics CSAR radios, including the GPS-112 CSAR Radio, AN/PRC-112G while retaining compatibility with conventional CSAR beacons. It exploits the most modern techniques like GPS (Global Positioning System), DME (Distance Measuring Equipment), Burst Direction Finding and Secured Burst Data Transmission to achieve: Accurate localization of the downed crew Over-the horizon operation using the relay function First Pass pickup Low Probability of Interception (LPI) and Low Probability of Detection ( LPD) Peacetime and Civil SAR missions Displays beacon on multifunction display PEACETIME SAR Permanent scanning of distress frequencies (121.5 / 243 /406 MHz) Decoding of COSPAS-SARSAT message
Flight and Mission Planning
Future Systems Airborne Ku/Ka Band (P-3K2+) TCDL/COFDM (P-3K2+) Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) Enhanced Position Location Reporting System (EPLRS) Future Sat Systems (X and Ka-Band) Cellular Repeaters Variable Message Format (VMF)
Interoperability Issues Current radios are not Duplex. A/C can generally either hear or talk. No AGA channels. Some channels outside of the helicopters ability to operate such as Ch 83. Existing interoperability will not change but will be enhanced by introduction of the Wulfsberg RT-5000 ARC-210 provides equivalent V/UHF interagency capabilities as the legacy ARC-182 & ARC-159 radios fitted to existing aircraft. Coordination Land SAR Channel Plan Crypto Management for APCO 25 NZDF has representation on the e-gif PPDR Working Group 3 RNZAF has single service representation on the encryption sub committee and is seeking membership of any Operations Working Group
The Future The modern military CIS environment is complex. Information sharing is critical. Emerging technologies are reducing decision times. RNZAF has undergone significant technology upgrade. It is very quickly moving towards being an information defined Air Force. The security threat is real. Must protect our people and our information. Defence Review 09