Efficient improvement of air quality Arjan Eijk TNO
TNO Sustainable Transport and Logistics: Governments Industry Universities Consultancy & tools Technology assessment & development Modelling Sustainability ITS
TNO: 40 years of emission & air quality measurements
Improve air quality in urban environment (Dutch) cities invest significantly to improve air quality To fulfil European air quality standards (NO 2 / PM 10 ) To make cities more attractive (competition) To reduce impact on public health High pressure on available budgets of cities Traffic emissions contribute significantly to local air pollution Vehicle park composition Traffic intensity Vehicle dynamics
Reducing traffic emissions 1. Calculating cost effectiveness (milj. Euro / ug/m3) to define a cost effective air quality program 2. Tools: EnViVer & Urban Strategy 3. Green (Dynamic) Traffic management
Cost effective approach: vehicle park scan Vehicle fleet composition is crucial: Need to understand the various sources / vehicle type Needed to calculate the effects of measures Composition varies per city (even within cities) Insight in vehicle fleet in a city is obtained Heavy trucks, buses, vans, passenger cars Emission relevant subclasses (Euro / fuel etc)
Vehicle fleet composition Petrol Cars Diesel Cars Vans No. Vehicles Trucks Buses Night
Emisson- Factor [g/km] Relative share in emissions & air pollution Distance travelled/ NO 2 road traffic Emission- Factor [g/km] Distance/ NO 2 road traffic Emission- Factor [g/km] Dsitance/ NO 2 road traffic Emission- Factor [g/km] Distance/ Road traffic Diesel Euro 0-2 4.7 0.02% 0.4% 4.7 <0.01% 0.09% 0.6 0.2% 0.5% 0.4 1.2% 1.8% Diesel Euro 3 5.4 0.09% 1.9% 5.4 0.01% 0.24% 0.9 1.9% 6.8% 0.7 3.7% 9.5% Diesel Euro 4 4.6 0.2% 2.7% 3.2 0.3% 3.9% 0.6 3.0% 7.3% 0.4 7.0% 11.6% Diesel Euro 5 4.4 0.8% 12.9% 1.9 0.9% 6.1% 0.5 5.0% 8.9% 0.3 9.4% 11.2% Diesel Euro 6 0.9 0.2% 0.7% 0.3 0.15% 0.17% 0.2 1.3% 1.0% 0.1 6.3% 3.3% LPG / petrol Euro 0-6 n/a 0.0% 0.0% n/a 0.0% 0.0% 0.1 0.2% 0.07% <0.04 58% 8.8% Total 19% 10.6% 25% 46 % 1.2% 1.3% 11.7% 85.7% Heavy Duty Buses Van Passenger car
Adding vehicle emission info EU regulations Road authority ug/m3 & Euro License plate Data base Cost info scan locations Emission Models Vehicle park / emissions Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
Adding costs & ranking measures measures Less cost efficient
Conclusions Calculating cost effectiveness (milj. Euro / ug/m3) is very powerful to define a cost effective air quality program Comprehensive knowledge of REAL WORLD vehicle emissions, vehicle fleet composition and air quality is required TNO development: implemented in Amsterdam, Utrecht, Rotterdam etc. Amsterdam: effectiveness of the air quality program was increased by 60% and the costs lowered by 30% Methodology can be applied everywhere
Reducing traffic emissions 1. Calculating cost effectiveness (milj. Euro / ug/m3) to define a cost effective air quality program 2. Tools: EnViVer & Urban Strategy 3. Green (Dynamic) Traffic management
1. EnViVer Example: Optimize VRI settings EnViVer Traffic micro simulation EnViVer output
2. Urban strategy planning tool Communication Framework Traffic Noise Air Urban Quality Ground water Sustainability Safety Costs 3D Datastore Urban Strategy links different (TNO) models
3. Multi criteria traffic management
Multi criteria traffic management
What can TNO offer? 1. Knowledge (40 years of experience) 2. Technology transfer Software tools, equipment and training 3. Adapt models to local situation 4. Architecture & Implementation of - City Decision Support Tool (multi criteria DTM) - Urban Strategy city planning