Melbourne City Research City of Melbourne Student and Education Profile 2014 www.melbourne.vic.gov.au
Contents 1. Background and Definitions... 4 2. Snapshot of tertiary students in the City of Melbourne... 5 3. Geography of City of Melbourne... 6 4. Data sources... 7 5. Detailed findings... 8 5.1. Tertiary students living and/or studying in the City of Melbourne... 8 5.2. Higher education students in the City of Melbourne... 9 5.2.1. Higher education students living and/or studying in the City of Melbourne... 9 5.2.2. Higher education students studying in the City of Melbourne (living in the municipality or elsewhere)... 10 5.2.3. Higher education students living in the City of Melbourne (studying outside the municipality)... 11 5.2.4. Higher education students living in the City of Melbourne (studying either in the municipality or elsewhere)... 12 5.2.5. Nationality of overseas higher education students studying in the City of Melbourne... 13 5.3. English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students (ELICOS)... 15 5.4. School-aged students... 16 2 / 17
Disclaimer While all due care has been taken to ensure that the content of this report is accurate and current, there may be errors or omissions in it and no legal responsibility is accepted for the information and opinions contained within. In addition, as the report is based on historic information that is subject to revision. All sources are checked and verified, and while exact figures are presented in this report it is recommended that they are treated as best estimations. ISBN 978-1-74250-985-3 3 / 17
1. Background and Definitions Student attendees Student numbers are measured and reported in various ways by different education institutions and departments at each level of government in Australia. Throughout this report the focus is on student attendees as opposed to student enrolments, to ascertain the physical number of students in the City of Melbourne (the municipality) without including students who may be studying online or remotely, without being physically present. Commencement data are used for English Language Intensive Course for Overseas Students (ELICOS) analysis (whereby a student has at least commenced the course enrolled in) and enrolment data are used for school-aged students (whereby online or remote study options are not typically available), due to attendee data not being available. Tertiary students Tertiary students comprise higher education (university or similar) and VET (Vocational Education and Training; TAFE or similar) students. Tertiary students make up the overwhelming majority of students either living and/or studying in the municipality and are therefore discussed in more detail than other student types in this report. Overseas or Domestic tertiary students Higher education student data are collected in a slightly different way compared to VET student data, resulting in different determinations for overseas students. While overseas higher education students are determined in part by student visa status along with student enrolment and attendee status, overseas VET students are determined by the initial address a student enters on his/her enrolment form alone. Where analysis of overseas compared to domestic tertiary students is discussed in this report, higher education student data are used only to avoid misinterpretation due to differing methodology in data collection by the various bodies responsible. Living and/or studying in City of Melbourne Three key definitions are used in analysing tertiary student attendees in the municipality: Students living within the municipality (and studying at campuses or institutions elsewhere within Victoria) Students studying at campuses or institutions within the municipality (and living outside the municipality elsewhere within Victoria) Students living and studying within the municipality Data discrepancies Some data are reported for different purposes and do not always match one another such as the overall number of overseas students and the various nationalities of overseas students. Data may be rounded, or calculated via slightly different methods and therefore may not always match when analysed within different sections of this report. 4 / 17
2. Snapshot of tertiary students in the City of Melbourne During the calendar year of 2012, there were just under one quarter of a million tertiary students (244,353) living and/or studying in the City of Melbourne ( the municipality ); as set out in Figure 1 below. Figure 1 Summary of tertiary students living and/or studying in City of Melbourne (higher education and VET students combined) Live in the City of Melbourne (study elsewhere in Victoria) 14,655 Live and study in the City of Melbourne 27,107 Study in the City of Melbourne (live elsewhere in Victoria) 202,591 In total, around 244,353 tertiary students either lived and/or studied in the City of Melbourne in 2012 Just over 27,000 tertiary students lived and studied in the City of Melbourne, while around 14,600 lived within the City of Melbourne but studied elsewhere in Victoria. The majority of tertiary students in the City of Melbourne, more than 202,000, lived outside the City of Melbourne boundary but studied at campuses or institutions located within the municipality. 5 / 17
3. Geography of City of Melbourne Throughout this report the terms City of Melbourne and the municipality are used to refer to the same geographic area, which includes the small areas of Carlton, Docklands, East Melbourne, Kensington (and the Flemington Racecourse), Melbourne, North Melbourne, Parkville, Port Melbourne, Southbank, South Wharf, South Yarra West (east of Punt Road) and West Melbourne. 6 / 17
4. Data sources Higher education data are sourced from the Department of Education (formerly the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations). Data provided by the Department of Education are selected higher education student statistics from the DIISRTE (Department Industry, Innovation, Science, Research and Tertiary Education) database. http://education.gov.au/ Vocational Education and Training (VET) data are sourced from the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER). Data provided by the NCVER are the Australian vocational education and training statistics: Students and courses 2012. http://www.ncver.edu.au School-aged student data are sourced from the Department of Education. Data provided by the Department of Education are for primary and secondary student school enrolments in Victoria. http://education.gov.au/ English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students (ELICOS) data are sourced from the Australian Education Institution (AEI). Enrolment data are derived from the Commonwealth Provider Registration and International Student Management System (PRISMS) database. http://www.elicos.com/ 7 / 17
5. Detailed findings 5.1. Tertiary students living and/or studying in the City of Melbourne The majority of tertiary students lived outside the municipality and attended a campus or training provider located within the municipality around 202,600 tertiary students in total, comprising around 71,500 higher education students and around 131,000 VET students. The majority of higher education students were domestic students (69%), with just under one third (31%) overseas students in Australia on study visas. Tertiary students living within the municipality were more likely to have been higher education students rather than VET students (78% compared to 22%). Higher education students living within the municipality were more likely to have been overseas students rather than domestic students (56% compared to 44%). Figure 2 Tertiary students living and/or studying in City of Melbourne 2012 Tertiary students Live and study in City of Melbourne Live in City of Melbourne (study elsewhere) Study in City of Melbourne (live elsewhere) Higher education VET Combined Tertiary Domestic Overseas Total HE Total VET 9106 13,627 22,733 4374 27,107 5185 4772 9957 4698 14,655 57,253 14,258 71,511 131,080 202,591 Total 71,544 32,657 104,201 140,152 244,353 Sub-total: tertiary students living in City of Melbourne Sub-total: tertiary students studying in City of Melbourne 14,291 18,399 32,690 9072 41,762 66,359 27,885 94,244 135,454 229,698 8 / 17
5.2. Higher education students in the City of Melbourne 5.2.1. Higher education students living and/or studying in the City of Melbourne Figure 3 shows the 10 year trend of higher education students living and/or studying in the City of Melbourne, with the total count of higher education students along with both domestic and overseas student sub-groups. Since 2009 the number of overseas higher education students living and/or studying in the municipality effectively plateaued, with slight decreases of around two per cent per annum during 2011 and 2012. Following an eleven per cent increase in 2009, overseas higher education student numbers peaked at 33,951 in 2010. During this same time period, since 2009, domestic higher education student attendees have increased at a rate of around four per cent per annum, with the largest increase of 5.3% recently experienced in 2012. Several factors have potentially contributed to the reduction in overseas student numbers in recent years, such as: the global financial crisis (GFC) felt throughout the world from around 2008; and media reports in India of allegedly racially motivated attacks on students of Indian and Pakistani nationalities in metropolitan Melbourne around 2009/2010. Figure 3 Higher education students living and/or studying in the City of Melbourne 10 year history 120,000 Higher education students living &/or studying in the City of Melbourne 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 87,877 90,720 84,632 77,242 80,216 81,406 74,081 54,149 55,092 55,842 56,649 57,998 59,839 60,922 96,534 100,525 101,228 104,201 71,544 63,521 66,574 67,934 20,000 0 19,932 22,150 24,374 24,757 26,634 28,038 29,798 33,013 33,951 33,294 32,657 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Higher Education Domestic Overseas 9 / 17
5.2.2. Higher education students studying in the City of Melbourne (living in the municipality or elsewhere) The number of higher education students studying in the municipality regardless of residential location followed a similar trajectory to the number living and/or studying in the municipality. Overseas higher education student numbers peaked during 2010 (around 29,100), following an 11% increase in 2009, and since declined annually by around two per cent to 27,885 in 2012. During this same period, since 2009, the number of domestic higher education students studying in the municipality increased by an average of four per cent per annum. Figure 4 Higher education students studying in the City of Melbourne 10 year history 100,000 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 67,728 70,178 Higher education students studying in the City of Melbourne 72,497 73,758 76,782 79,209 81,995 50,476 51,140 51,649 52,297 53,633 55,347 56,467 17,252 19,038 20,848 21,461 23,149 23,862 25,528 87,384 59,047 90,882 91,439 61,788 63,004 94,244 66,359 28,337 29,094 28,435 27,885 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Higher Education Domestic Overseas 10 / 17
5.2.3. Higher education students living in the City of Melbourne (studying outside the municipality) When analysing higher education students who lived in the municipality but studied elsewhere in Victoria, it is apparent that during 2009 and 2010 there were slightly more overseas students than domestic students (approximately 4680 compared to 4470 in 2009; and 4860 compared to 4790 in 2010). However overseas higher education students living in the municipality but studying elsewhere did not continue to outnumber domestic students in 2011, with the largest difference noted in 2012 (around 400 more domestic compared to overseas higher education students) since 2006. Figure 5 Higher education students living in the City of Melbourne, but studying elsewhere 10 year history 12,000 Higher education students living in the City of Melbourne (studying elsewhere) 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 6,353 3,673 2,680 9,643 9,789 9,957 9,150 8,668 8,725 7,719 7,648 7,850 7,064 3,952 4,193 4,352 4,365 4,492 4,786 4,930 5,185 4,455 4,474 4,676 4,857 4,859 4,772 4,176 4,270 3,526 3,112 3,296 3,485 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Higher Education Domestic Overseas 11 / 17
5.2.4. Higher education students living in the City of Melbourne (studying either in the municipality or elsewhere) The number of higher education students who were residents of the City of Melbourne, regardless of where they studied, effectively plateaued between 2010 and 2012. The number of overseas higher education student residents declined slightly during this time by an average of one per cent per annum; while at the same time the number of domestic students increased slightly by an average of around four per cent per annum. Figure 6 Higher education students living in City of Melbourne 10 year history 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 22,291 11,544 23,682 12,598 13,175 Higher education students living in City of Melbourne 24,649 24,166 12,446 26,076 13,977 28,253 29,006 15,748 16,438 31,030 10,747 11,084 11,474 11,720 12,099 12,505 12,568 12,849 32,470 32,651 32,690 18,181 18,804 18,807 18,399 13,666 13,844 14,291 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Higher Education Domestic Overseas 12 / 17
5.2.5. Nationality of overseas higher education students studying in the City of Melbourne Overseas students with Chinese nationality accounted for one third (33%) of all overseas higher education students in the City of Melbourne, accounting for as many students as the next five nationalities in Figure 7 combined (Malaysian, Indian, Indonesian, Vietnamese and Singaporean students collectively accounted for 33%). With small declines for most nationalities since the relative peak year for overseas higher education students in 2010, the slight increase among students with Chinese nationality in 2012 highlights the strong contingent of students with this nationality studying in the municipality. In stark contrast are the declines among both Malaysian and Indian students (10% and 20% respectively), which were the two next most common nationalities of overseas higher education students. The largest proportional increases among overseas students in 2012 were those with Filipino (162%), Nepalese (52%) and Pakistani (46%) nationalities. 13 / 17
Figure 7 Top 20 countries of nationality of overseas higher education students attending campuses in City of Melbourne Nationality (top 20) Count of higher education students Proportion of total overseas higher education students Change from 2011 China (excludes SARs and Taiwan Province) 9105 33% 1% Malaysia 2962 11% -10% India 1837 7% -20% Indonesia 1677 6% 4% Vietnam 1339 5% 9% Singapore 1258 5% -6% Pakistan 712 3% 47% Hong Kong (SAR of China) 680 2% -11% Sri Lanka 672 2% 1% Korea, Republic of (South) 518 2% -4% Thailand 473 2% -9% United States of America 394 1% -11% Saudi Arabia 392 1% -21% Philippines 325 1% 162% Nepal 316 1% 52% Iran 315 1% 17% Australia 310 1% -33% Bangladesh 284 1% 25% Taiwan 266 1% -22% Colombia 213 1% Other countries 3036 11% 5% No information 801 3% -11% Total overseas higher education students studying in City of Melbourne 28,435 100% -2% 14 / 17
5.3. English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students (ELICOS) English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students (ELICOS) programs have been designed for students who require English language training before commencing formal studies in Australia. There are other English language programs that a student can do, but the Australian government has an official ELICOS student visa especially for students who do one of these courses. (ELICOS Australia: http://www.elicos.com/about-elicos/) Data are not available for the City of Melbourne municipality, however Figure 8 provides the overall number of students commencing ELICOS studies both in Australia overall and those based in Victoria providing a strong indicator for what can be assumed to have occurred in the municipality during the same time period. Peaking slightly earlier than higher education student numbers did in 2010, ELICOS student numbers who commenced the course that they were enrolled in peaked in 2009 and declined during 2010 and 2011. During 2012 ELICOS students increased slightly, with around 107,000 commencements in Victoria and just over 500,000 across Australia. Figure 8 Victorian ELICOS students (commencements) 800,000 ELICOS 740,023 600,000 400,000 200,000 677,942 587,058 544,675 500,076 501,450 396,127 290,584 323,524 318,590 337,516 132,295 161,317 181,075 122,775 59,402 71,971 69,849 68,294 81,293 100,435 107,073 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Victoria Australia 15 / 17
5.4. School-aged students Figure 9 depicts the number of school-aged students enrolled in Victoria, categorised into Government Schools, Catholic Schools and Independent Schools. Data are not available at the City of Melbourne municipality level; however in 2012 there were around 868,000 school-aged students within the state of Victoria. The total number of school-aged students within Victoria has been increasing for a decade, with 2011 into 2012 representing the largest proportional increase during this time (around 10,600 students, or 1.2% increase). Figure 9 Victorian school-aged students enrolments Year Government Schools Catholic Schools Independent Schools (non-catholic) All School-age Students Growth from previous year 2012 546,311 197,841 124,168 868,320 1.2% 2011 541,212 193,757 122,703 857,672 0.8% 2010 539,227 190,553 121,072 850,852 0.6% 2009 538,685 187,967 119,283 845,935 0.7% 2008 536,445 185,798 117,662 839,905 0.5% 2007 537,142 183,821 114,437 835,400 0.5% 2006 537,646 182,669 111,312 831,627 0.5% 2005 538,261 180,940 108,644 827,845 0.4% 2004 537,971 180,054 106,256 824,281 0.4% 2003 537,148 180,006 104,007 821,161 0.6% 2002 535,204 180,653 100,775 816,632 na 16 / 17
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