TEST NAME: Genetics unit test TEST ID: 437885 GRADE:07 SUBJECT:Life and Physical Sciences TEST CATEGORY: School Assessment Genetics unit test Page 1 of 12
Student: Class: Date: 1. There are four blood types: A, B, AB, and O. The genes for both A and B blood types are dominant over O. What is the probability of a father with blood type O and a mother with blood type AB producing a child with blood type O? A. 0% B. 25% C. 75% D. 100% 2. A diagram of a homologous pair of rabbit chromosomes is shown. Homologous pairs of chromosomes code for the same traits and look alike. In which cell is there is an absence of homologous chromosomes? A. bone B. gamete C. liver D. skin 3. What can cause an offspring to have a physical trait neither of its parents has? A. a mutation in a parent s body cell B. a mutation in a parent s sex cell C. the natural selection of a trait D. the artificial selection of a trait Genetics unit test Page 2 of 12
4. When an egg and sperm form an embryo, the offspring that is formed will have genetic traits that are A. inherited from only one parent. B. created by the environment. C. passed on from two parents. D. learned from siblings. 5. Potatoes can reproduce asexually. Each sprout on a parent potato can grow into a new potato plant. How does the genetic material in the sprout compare to the parent potato? A. The sprout has a random genetic assortment. B. The sprout has twice the genetic material of the parent potato. C. The parent potato has twice the genetic material of the sprout. D. Both the sprout and the parent potato have the same genetic identity. 6. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease that affects the blood. The table below lists some characteristics of the disease. Genotype Homozygous, normal (two normal alleles) Heterozygous (one normal allele and one sickle cell allele) Homozygous with sickle cell disease (two copies of the sickle cell allele) Effects on health? Can pass a sickle cell allele on to children? Resistant to cholera? Resistant to malaria? no effect on health No No No no effect on health Yes No Yes can severely affect health Yes No No People who are homozygous for the trait usually have many health problems. People who have one copy of the sickle cell allele are usually healthy. Would it ever beneficial to have one copy of the sickle cell allele? A. yes, during an outbreak of cholera B. yes, during an outbreak of malaria C. no, because the allele does not protect against cholera D. no, because the allele does not protect against malaria Genetics unit test Page 3 of 12
7. A human body cell has 46 chromosomes. Which diagram represents mitosis in a human body cell? A. B. C. D. 8. Daffodils are plants that can perform both asexual and sexual reproduction. How does a daffodil population benefit more by reproducing sexually than asexually? A. It can reproduce more rapidly. B. It can adapt faster to its environment. C. It can increase the diversity of inherited traits. D. It can eliminate unfavorable traits from the gene pool. 9. Results from a simple heredity investigation can be displayed as a Punnett square, as a ratio, or as a fraction. All three methods can be used because A. three results are possible from a simple hereditary investigation. B. three generations of offspring can be produced in a simple hereditary investigation. C. all three methods can be used to show a different variation in the results. D. all three methods can be used to show the same information. 10. A red flowered plant (RR) is crossed with a white flowered plant (WW) and produces plants with pink flowers (RW). If two pink flowered plants are crossed, what color offspring could be produced? A. red, white, and pink B. red and white C. pink and red D. pink and white Genetics unit test Page 4 of 12
11. Which is the greatest benefit of sexual reproduction? A. capable of reproducing by meiosis B. ability to reproduce without a mate C. ability to produce genetically different offspring D. capable of producing offspring genetically identical to parent 12. In a gerbil population, the gene for coarse hair (H) is dominant, while the gene for smooth hair (h) is recessive. One pet store found that most of their customers want coarse haired gerbils. Which cross between male and female gerbils will produce the greatest number of coarse haired offspring? A. B. C. D. Genetics unit test Page 5 of 12
13. Use the Punnett square to answer the question that follows. In a monohybrid cross between two organisms heterozygous for a particular trait (Ff), what would be the predicted ratio of the offspring's genotypes? A. 1 FF: 3 Ff: 1 ff B. 1 FF: 2 Ff: 1 ff C. 2 FF: 2 Ff D. 3 Ff: 1 ff 14. In a population of cats, the gene for long hair (H) is dominant and the gene for short hair (h) is recessive. A breeder crosses a heterozygous long haired male with a homozygous short haired female. In a litter of four kittens, what percentage should the breeder expect to have long hair? A. 25% B. 50% C. 75% D. 100% 15. A snapdragon plant with red flowers (RR) is crossed with a snapdragon plant with white flowers (WW). Snapdragon flowers show incomplete dominance. A punnet square of the cross is shown below. If the cross produces four offspring, how many of each color flower would likely be produced? A. four red flowers B. four pink flowers C. two red flowers and two pink flowers D. two white flowers and two pink flowers Genetics unit test Page 6 of 12
16. Many invertebrate animals, such as the hydra, reproduce asexually. What form of reproduction in this stage of the life cycle of the hydra is shown in the diagram? A. fission B. budding C. fragmentation D. meiosis 17. In some plants, red flowers are dominant (R) and white flowers are recessive (r). Two plants are crossed and the offspring have a possibility of red flowers and white flowers. Which Punnett square shows the cross and its offspring? A. B. C. D. Genetics unit test Page 7 of 12
18. In dogs, black fur (B) is dominant over blond fur (b). The following is a Punnett square showing the possible outcome of a cross between a dog that is heterozygous (Bb) for fur color and a dog that is homozygous recessive (bb) for fur color. Part A: Explain what a genotype is and give an example of a genotype from this cross. Part B: Explain what a phenotype is and give an example of a phenotype from this cross. 19. A gene mutates in a type of bacteria. When these bacteria reproduce asexually, this mutation can only be inherited by A. different types of bacteria. B. cells in the bacteria that are non reproductive. C. bacteria cells that are missing the gene. D. direct descendants of the bacteria. 20. Meiosis is a type of cell division in which germ cells divide to produce haploid cells. Where does meiosis occur? A. brain cells B. bone cells C. muscle cells D. ovary cells 21. This diagram illustrates a type of reproductive process in an organism. Based on this information, what conclusion about the offspring labeled A is supported? A. It has acquired traits in response to its environment. B. It has a lower mass of genetic material than offspring B. C. It has the same genetic material as its parent. D. It has half as much genetic material as its parent. Genetics unit test Page 8 of 12
22. Some organisms reproduce sexually while other organisms reproduce asexually. Which would be an example of asexual reproduction? A. B. C. D. 23. Why does sexual reproduction result in more genetic diversity than asexual reproduction? A. Traits from two parents are combined. B. More organisms reproduce this way. C. Offspring grow in different environments. D. Offspring come from identical parents. 24. Mitosis and meiosis are similar processes. Which best describes what can only occur after meiosis? A. Parent cells can be either haploid or diploid. B. Products of cell division result in identical genotypes. C. Four daughter cells are produced by a single parent cell. D. The number of chromosomes per nucleus remains the same after division. 25. Onions can reproduce from bulbs. One parent bulb generates daughter bulbs with duplicate genetic information. Which is the most likely advantage of this kind of reproduction? A. Population size remains constant. B. Beneficial mutations are inevitable. C. Genetic variation is maximized. D. Large quantities of individuals can be produced rapidly. 26. Bacteria are organisms that reproduce asexually. What would the traits inherited by a newly produced bacterium be like? A. different from the traits of the single parent B. the same traits as the single parent C. different from the traits of two parents D. similar traits as two parents Genetics unit test Page 9 of 12
27. Plants can reproduce sexually and asexually. If one offspring is produced sexually while the other is produced asexually, what will only the sexually produced offspring have? A. both inherited and acquired traits B. a new combination of traits C. beneficial genetic traits D. a complete set of traits 28. In order to grow two of the exact same plants, a person would reproduce them asexually because the A. genetic diversity is greater. B. offspring would be genetically identical. C. recessive traits would emerge. D. negative traits are suppressed. 29. Which statement most accurately describes the influences on a person s length of life and quality of life? A. Genes alone determine both the length and quality of life. B. Behaviors alone determine both the length and quality of life. C. Both behaviors and genes influence the length and quality of life. D. Neither genes nor behaviors influence the length or quality of life. 30. The gametes of human males and females have the same number of chromosomes. Which best describes what happens to the chromosomes when typical male and female gametes combine to produce offspring? A. The chromosomes change shape. B. The number of chromosomes doubles. C. The chromosomes become larger in size. D. The number of chromosomes reduces by half. 31. Allele A is dominant in mice and allele a is recessive. Two mice with the gene combination Aa breed and produce four offspring as shown below. Which offspring has the recessive phenotype? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 32. What advantage do the offspring of a dandelion have by reproducing asexually? A. Reproduction occurs rapidly. B. Reproductive competition is increased. C. Mating compatibily improves. D. Diversity increases between generations. Genetics unit test Page 10 of 12
33. A child s sex is determined by the sex chromosomes of which person? A. grandfather B. grandmother C. mother D. father 34. Below are some influences on a person s quality of life. Influences on the Quality of Life 1 inheriting genetic diseases 2 using tobacco products 3 eating healthy food 4 drinking clean water Which is least controlled by human behavior? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 35. The Punnett square shows the cross between cabbage butterflies. B = white and b = yellow. Why are all the offspring white? A. Both parent butterflies were dominant for white color. B. Only one parent butterfly carried recessive yellow traits. C. Only one parent carried dominant and recessive color genes. D. Both parent butterflies carried recessive genes for yellow color. 36. A breeder of guinea pigs crosses a male guinea pig that has black fur with a female guinea pig that has white fur. The Punnett square demonstrates the cross which results in offspring that all have black fur. Part A Using the Punnett square, identify the term that best describes the genotype of the offspring. Part B Explain why all of the offspring were born with black fur. Genetics unit test Page 11 of 12
37. An organism s traits are largely determined by the genetic make up of its parents. A mutation in which kinds of cells in a parent could cause a new trait to appear in the parent s offspring? A. sperm or egg B. egg or nerve C. nerve or muscle D. muscle or sperm 38. In animals, female traits are passed down to offspring from A. sperm. B. seeds. C. pollen. D. eggs. 39. In one breed of dog, short hair is the dominant allele (H) while long hair is the recessive allele (h). If both parents have short hair and the offspring has long hair, which statement best describes the genetic characteristics of the offspring? A. The offspring received mutated genes from both parents. B. The offspring received one recessive allele from each parent. C. The offspring received one dominant allele from each parent. D. The offspring received a dominant and recessive allele from both parents. Genetics unit test Page 12 of 12