1155EX_GVMLbTab Guide ROW_11:- 16/03/2010 13:18 Page 1 Exosect is actively focussed on the development and sales of Intelligent Pest Management solutions. Our innovative and costeffective products help growers, food producers and processors actively reduce their use of insecticides. Our goal is to assist growers achieve zero residues in their crops and produce high quality food for the consumer. Our products are used globally in a wide range of sectors including crop protection, (agriculture, horticulture and stored products), apiculture, amenity and public health. USA South America Europe Middle East Far East South Africa Australia New Zealand Distributor details: Toxicological information Exosex GVMLbTab contains 10 mg Technical Grade Pheromone per gram of food grade wax powder and poses virtually no hazard to health. Ecotoxicological information Not hazardous to the environment. Exosect Limited 02/2009 ROW Regulatory information Based on toxicological studies in the published literature, there are no risk and safety phrases to assign to this product. Exosect Limited. Leylands Business Park, Colden Common, Winchester, Hampshire, SO21 1TH. United Kingdom T +44 (0) 23 8060 3939 F +44 (0) 23 8060 3969 E info@exosect.com W www.exosect.com
1155EX_GVMLbTab Guide ROW_11:- 16/03/2010 13:18 Page 2 Technical Guide Grape vine moth control (Lobesia botrana)
1155EX_GVMLbTab Guide ROW_11:- 16/03/2010 13:18 Page 3 2 Ideal for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies, including Zero residue and reduced residue requirements Up to 50% cost saving in labour compared to conventional Mating Disruption (MD) systems provides robust reliable protection against Grape vine moth, matching or exceeding industry standards Active mating disruption Exosex GVMLbTab is an unique and effective crop protection solution for conventional, organic and IPM growers. offers an environmentally friendly means of controlling Grape vine moth either as part of a Zero residue and reduced residue IPM approach which includes the targeted use of approved insecticides, or in lower pest pressure vineyards. provides continuous activity, even during delays in spraying because of difficult weather conditions Provides antiresistance support for insecticides Fewer dispensers as technology provides auto-confusion effect amongst pest population
1155EX_GVMLbTab Guide ROW_11:- 16/03/2010 13:18 Page 4 Effectiveness Employs Active Mating Disruption, causing male moths to distribute the product around the orchard Moths act as mobile pheromone dispensers providing huge increase of free dispensers and creating an Auto-Confusion effect amongst the Grape vine moth population 3 Control targets the mating process prior to egg laying Extremely low risk of resistance developing Pest specific Does not affect activity of beneficial insects in the vineyard Robust design enhances reliability No risk of loss of persistence from undetected damage to dispenser during application. Activity is unaffected by wind or rainfall Proven in over 7 countries under wide ranging climatic conditions Provides confidence to grower that Exosex GVMLbTab will perform well Convenience Exosex GVMLbTab provides continuous activity Product stored below 5 C may be used up to 12 months from date of manufacture. Product stored above 5 C but below 25 C should be used within 5 months of date of manufacture. Avoids problems of maintaining spray timings during difficult weather Ease of storage and stocking also reduces costs Cost saving Active system allows less units per vineyard to be deployed than conventional MD systems Compact unit size and extremely easy to install Independent trials prove up to 50% reduction in labour costs Potential for savings on insecticide storage and application costs Environmental benefits Pest life cycle disrupted prior to egg laying Species specific Entostat powder is naturally occurring, solvent and propellant free No harvest intervals No restrictions on vineyard entry Ideal for IPM programmes provides anti-resistance measure for insecticides Assists biodiversity and leads to an increase in natural predators Can be safely used close to homes, schools, hospitals and water courses Protection provided right up to harvest with no residues Vineyard operations unaffected, no restrictions on public rights of way
1155EX_GVMLbTab Guide ROW_11:- 16/03/2010 13:18 Page 5 4 Wax Palm Entostat powder Entostat TM is a food grade powder refined from a natural wax, which is harvested from a particular species of palm tree. The active ingredient is a species-specific pheromone, which is impregnated into the Entostat powder. How it works Exosex GVMLbTab is an Active MD system using the male Grape vine moth to distribute the pheromone impregnated Entostat powder. Entostat TM powder is natural technology An electrostatic charge builds up on an insect cuticle and is generated through the insect s movement (tribocharging), e.g. the insect walking on a surface or flying through the air. The charge is dependent upon the surface which can be either positive or negative. The Entostat powder being bipolar will be attracted strongly to the charged insect cuticle. Antenna (before contact with Entostat powder) Antenna (after contact with Entostat powder)
1155EX_GVMLbTab Guide ROW_11:- 16/03/2010 13:18 Page 6 5 Active Mating Disruption Unlike conventional MD systems, Exosex GVMLbTab employs Auto Confusion Mating Disruption. Using Exosect s patented Entostat powder technology, uniquely produces an automatic transfer of the confusion effect in male moths. This spreads sexual confusion throughout the male moth population (Auto-Confusion TM ) thereby requiring a lower number of dispensers per vineyard. Male moths are attracted to the Exosex GVMLBTab, which contains Entostat powder formulated with synthetic female pheromone. Male moths pick up Entostat powder and female pheromone. The male moths pheromone receptors become overloaded and so the male is unable to locate females. A male carrying Entostat powder will form a mobile pheromone dispenser, producing false pheromone trails, which attract additional males. Contact between the males ensures that the Entostat powder and the confusion effect is automatically passed on, this process is called Auto-Confusion. The result is a state of sexual confusion amongst the male moth population leading to effective mating disruption. The Auto-Confusion effect dramatically reduces the chances of the female moth to mate. In the unlikely event that mating does occur, delays beyond the optimum period of fertility of the female moth will reduce the number and viability of the eggs.
1155EX_GVMLbTab Guide ROW_11:- 16/03/2010 13:18 Page 7 6 Minimising insecticide treatments When Exosex GVMLbTab is used over a number of years the population of Grape vine moth can be successfully reduced to very low levels and may no longer need supplementary insecticide treatments. If the Grape vine moth pressure is moderate to high, then a pheromone treatment alone will not provide sufficient protection, and additional treatments approved for the crop/market will be required. Under the IPM approach Exosex GVMLbTab is deployed immediately prior to biofix. A second application should be made 60-70 days later, preferably prior to a later generation flight. crop/market approved additional treatments ideally targeted at early generations. This helps to avoid late season insecticide treatments which could leave residues in the crop. supports anti resistance against insecticides by disrupting moth life cycle prior to egg laying. Adult emergence in the spring may be extended for up to six weeks, resulting in overlapping generations. Coordinating spray timing with peak egg hatch or peak egg laying is thus very difficult. Cultural methods will help to reduce the over wintering population. If required, it can be supported by a limited number of well timed Additional control measures should be taken when more than 5 male moths per monitoring trap are caught over a two week period. The relationship between trap captures and fruit damage is strongly influenced by its surroundings. In vineyards surrounded by open ground (cornfields or grassland etc.), trap numbers may be high but actual damage low. In vineyards surrounded by woodland (with wild grapevines), trap captures may be low, but may be accompanied by high levels of damage. A routine weekly check for egg deposits and young larvae on/in the fruits should be carried out. Assess 50-100 bunches, especially from hot spots such as borders with untreated or infested vineyards. is totally safe to beneficial insects and predators, unlike insecticides and thermal pest control systems If more than 1% of the fruits assessed indicate a presence of eggs or show Grape vine moth larval damage, the vineyard should be treated with an additional Grape vine moth treatment, timed to control hatching larvae until egg laying by previously mated female moths has ceased to occur. Can be used as Standalone or in IPM or organic programmes with approved insecticides. Able to match coverage to varietal needs
1155EX_GVMLbTab Guide ROW_11:- 16/03/2010 13:18 Page 8 7 Key: 2007 Portugal Standard MD Insecticide % Infestation 0 1 2 3 Early season Mid season Harvest % Infestation 2nd Generation 2008 Turkey Insecticide 0 2 4 6 8 10 % Infestation 2007 Spain Standard MD Insecticides 0 2 4 6 8 10 3rd Generation Harvest Location: Bozcaada, Turkey Trap captures Egg infestation of bunches Larval infestation of bunches Location: Jerez El Beato Spain, 2007 2007 Germany Untreated 0 20 40 60 2008 Macedonia Insecticides Untreated 0 20 40 60 Average trap captures Larval infestation of bunches % 3.5 0.7 16.0 55.0 Average trap captures 1 38.5 41.2 Location: Malterdingen, Germany 2007 Larval infestation of bunches % 2.1 1.3 Location: Kavadarci, Macedonia 2008 61.6
1155EX_GVMLbTab Guide ROW_11:- 16/03/2010 13:19 Page 9 8 Exosex GVMLbTab product and assembly consists of a hanger and a tablet containing Entostat powder and Grape vine moth pheromone. is supplied in one hectare packs, enough for a single application only. Remove one tablet from the container and place it into the holder, gently pushing until it reaches the bottom of the hole. Flex the hanger to secure it onto a horizontal vine or wire. Place the hanger in the top third of the vine above the fruit bunches All packaging is suitable for recycling in line with local requirements whilst tablets are biodegradable
1155EX_GVMLbTab Guide ROW_11:- 16/03/2010 13:19 Page 10 9 Exosex GVMLbTab dispenser basic vineyard layout Dispensers should be set out uniformly in a grid formation of 90/ha. See illustration below: Pheromones are most effective when used in vineyards of 2 ha and above. If the vineyard is less than 5 ha, guard barriers should be put in place e.g. add a second row of hangers on the external perimeter. Re-inforcement hangers Basic grid layout hangers Where circumstances demand, an extra row of reinforcement hangers should be placed in the outside row 7 m Vine spacing 5 m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 5 m 11m Rows spacing apart Active powder transfer requires less than a quarter of the units per ha than conventional MD systems 5m Dispensers should be placed 11 m apart throughout the vineyard. Start at the corner of the vineyard with the first dispenser 5 m in from that corner. Additional hangers should be placed in areas likely to experience higher pest pressure - see page 10. Flexible use with up to 60 80 days coverage, to match crop and pest requirements 5 m
1155EX_GVMLbTab Guide ROW_11:- 16/03/2010 13:19 Page 11 10 Optimising Exosex GVMLbTab performance Attach dispenser above the level of the bunches of grapes Grape vine moth activity and mating are concentrated in the areas above the grapes so hangers should be placed in the top third of the vines above the level of any fruit. Hanger placement Vineyard size Maintaining product integrity Trials have shown the optimum number of hangers to be 90/ha. Hangers should be placed uniformly throughout the treated vineyard (see suggested placement grid overleaf). Pheromones are most effective when used in vineyards of 2 ha (5 acres) and above. Product stored continuously below 5 C from receipt of delivery from Exosect may be used up to 12 months from date of manufacture. Product stored above 5 C but below 25 C should be used within 5 months of date of manufacture. Local environmental factors that influence dispenser placement Local conditions will affect the distribution of Grape vine moth, hence the density of Grape vine moth throughout the crop will vary and may necessitate reinforcement of areas of high activity with additional dispensers. Untreated vineyard less than 100 metres away Sunset Higher ground Lower ground Adjacent untreated vineyards Higher land Daylight exposure Lighting Areas adjacent to infested vineyards even up to 100m away where Grape vine moth is not controlled are likely to suffer from a higher infestation level. Grape vine moths tend to orientate to higher ground, so vineyards on sloping land will see a gradient of infestation level from low ground to high ground. Boundaries of vineyards exposed to the longest period of daylight tend to get a higher infestation level. This is the section of the vineyard that faces the sunset. Vineyards adjacent to street lighting or even busy roads with constant lighting from vehicle headlights can experience significantly higher and prolonged moth pressure.
1155EX_GVMLbTab Guide ROW_11:- 16/03/2010 13:19 Page 12 11 Q. Is the system expensive compared to insecticides? A. Mating distribution is very effective against Grape vine moth. Under low to moderate pest pressure you may not need to use supplementary insecticide treatments. However, under high pest pressure the system will need the support of a spray programme but will greatly assist the sprays in their control, as long as resistance has not built up to the sprays, and the spray timing is correct. Q. Why do conventional MD systems use many more dispensers per unit area than? A. is an Auto Confusion Mating Disruption system; the pheromone in the Entostat powder is carried around the vineyard by the male Grape vine moth itself, therefore in practise there are a very high number of dispensers. Each male moth becomes a mobile carrier. Q. Is affected by high winds? A. Provided the dispenser is properly attached to the vine or wire with the tablet firmly in place the dispenser will be unaffected by high winds. Q. Is affect by rain landing on the tablet? A. Entostat powder does not absorb water and will return to its normal state as soon as any surface water has evaporated. Q. What should I be aware of when using Exosex GVMLbTab in an vineyard with a history of high Grape vine moth pressure? A. As with any Mating Disruption system, is not designed as a stand-alone product in vineyards with high pest pressure. In situations of high pest pressure, it is essential to have good control of the first generation by using an appropriate spray programme to assist the system. Monitoring for adult males and larval damage must follow the spray treatment to ensure the population does not start to rise or that hot spots are developing within the vineyard. Q. Why shouldn t the system be used for areas of less than 2 ha? A. As with all Mating Disruption systems, Exosex GVMLb Tab requires a minimum surface area to be effective. Too large a border area, compared to total surface area, could easily allow female moths to enter and lay eggs when they have already mated in the surrounding blocks. A larger surface area compared to border size reduces this risk. Entostat powder is unaffected by rainfall Entostat powder is unaffected by high winds