DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PESHAWAR PAKISTAN CHEMISTRY AND PROCESS INDUSTRIES LABORATORY LAB ENGINEER: LAB INTSTRUCTER: LAB TECHNOLOGIST: Engr Unsia Habib Mr Jahanzeb Mr Irfan LAB ASSISTANT: Mr Safeer
Chemistry and Process Industries Laboratory In the chemistry laboratory students learn how to make up chemical solutions, perform lab techniques, play it safe in the lab, and perform chemistry lab experiments. There are many important apparatus in chemistry laboratory. These apparatus are of great importance since it allows experimentation of elements possible. It allows the students to have hands-on learning thus it is made fun and easy. Common Equipments for laboratory includes test tubes, Bunsen burner, beaker, burret, and so on. 2 Department of Chemical Engineering U. E. T Peshawar
EQUPMENTS DESCRIPTION General Equipments in Laboratory Below are photos and names of common lab equipment in Chemistry lab. Balance (electronic) Beakers Bunsen Burner Buret Clay Triangle Crucible Flasks Crucible Tongs Dropper Pipets Dropper in action Goggles Evaporating Dish 3 Department of Chemical Engineering U. E. T Peshawar
Forceps Funnels Plastic and Rubber Policemen Graduated Cylinders Pinch Clamp Pipets and Bulbs Thermometers Ring Clamp & Stand Scoopula Stirring Rods Utility Clamp Test Tubes in Rack Test Tube Holder Tube & Holder in Action Wire Gauze Clamp in action 4 Department of Chemical Engineering U. E. T Peshawar
Additional Equipments in Laboratory 1. Conductivity meter A conductivity meter is an electrical device used to measure the amount of electrical power that is conveyed through a liquid. It is used to determine the amount and types of salts available in water. An electric current is passed through the water, and the output used to gauge its conductivity Figure 1: Conductivity meter 5 Department of Chemical Engineering U. E. T Peshawar
2. PH meter A ph meter is an electronic device used for measuring the ph (acidity or alkalinity) of a liquid.this measure the PH (1-14) of any given sample is measured with the help of this unit. Figure 2: PH meter 6 Department of Chemical Engineering U. E. T Peshawar
3. Rotary Evaporator Rotary evaporator is used to study the evaporation process for variety of extracts by changing various parameters like temperature e.g Separation of organic liquid by simple distillation, to purify a given sample of water by simple distillation and to measure the distillation rate, Purification of organic compound by steam distillation. Figure 3: Rotary Evaporator 7 Department of Chemical Engineering U. E. T Peshawar
4. Viscometer To equipment is used find the density and viscosity of unknown mixture.viscometers only measure in one flow condition. In general, either the fluid remains stationary and an object moves through it, or the object is stationary and the fluid moves past it. The drag caused by relative motion of the fluid and a surface is a measure of the viscosity. The flow conditions must have a sufficiently small value of Reynolds number for there to be laminar flow. Figure 4:Viscometer 8 Department of Chemical Engineering U. E. T Peshawar
5. Stalagnometer The unit is used to determine the surface tension of desired solvent and to find the percentage composition of unknown mixture by surface tension method 6. Potentiometer Automatic Titration Figure 5:Stalagnometer Potentiometer Automatic Titration performs various types of titrations like Alkanity, Acidity, Chlorides, Sulphideetc Figure 6:Potentiometer Automatic Titration 9 Department of Chemical Engineering U. E. T Peshawar
7. Water Bath This unit helps to maintain a temperature for various analytical experiments like evaporation of solution for the measurement of total solid in it Figure 7: Water Bath 10 Department of Chemical Engineering U. E. T Peshawar
8. Electric Oven The unit is used to heat any sample from ambient to 550 C. The sterilization of various glaze wares can be done in this electric oven Figure 8: Electric Oven 11 Department of Chemical Engineering U. E. T Peshawar
9. Multi-Purpose Processing Vessel Thefacilities to mix, emulsify, heat, pasteurize, incubate, cool, chill and cure are all built in to this purpose-designed unit. As well as preparation of food products for further processing, the facilities allow production of finished products in batch sizes from 5-20 litres. Figure 9: Multi Purpose Processing Vessel 12 Department of Chemical Engineering U. E. T Peshawar
10. Muffle Furnace Many experiments and procedures taken in the lab requires extreme heat environment. For this purpose, the high temperature muffle furnace steps in as the necessary part of laboratory equipment. The unit is used to the Moisture contents, Volatile matter and Ash contents for various samples in the temperature range of ambient to 1100 C. Figure 10:Muffle Furnace 13 Department of Chemical Engineering U. E. T Peshawar
11. Flask shaker The unit is used to shake the flask for mixing the sample. Figure 11: Flask shaker 14 Department of Chemical Engineering U. E. T Peshawar
12. Polarimeter The unit is used to measure the Specific gravity, Purityand concentrationfor various active samples like sugar solutions, turpentine oil and camphor Figure 12: Polarimeter 15 Department of Chemical Engineering U. E. T Peshawar
List of Experiments S.No Name of Experiment 1. To separate the mixture of various inks by paper chromatography 2. Separation of organic liquid by simple distillation 3. To purify a given sample of water by simple distillation method and also calculate the distillation rate 4. Purification of organic compound by steam distillation 5. To find the PH of different mixtures using PH meter 6. To prepare the nitro benzene from benzene 7. To prepare di-nitro benzene from nitro benzene 8. To prepare the di-sulphuric acis and check its presence 9. To determine the presence of unknown mixtures by viscosity method 10. To determine the mass of KOH required to neutralize acid in 1gm of used oil 11. To find the percentage composition of mixture by refractive index 12. To find the concentration of sugar solution by using polarimeter 13. To measure the surface tension of given liquid sample 14. To find out the parchor value of the given organic liquid of unknown molecular weight 15. To find out the rheochor value of the given organic liquid of unknown molecular weight 16. 17. To determine the percentage composition of unknown mixture by surface tension method 18. 19. To determine the moisture content and volatile matter in a given sample of coal 20. To determine the alkalinity of a given water sample 21. To determine the ash content in a given coal sample 22. Estimation of waste solids in water 16 Department of Chemical Engineering U. E. T Peshawar
23. Determination of total suspended solids in a given sample of water 24. Estimation of volatile component present in coal by ASTM method 25. Estimation of loss on ignition of sample of limestone, iron and marble by ASTM 26. To determine the percentage ash content in a given sample of leather according to ASTM 27. Determination of PH of water and other solutions 28. Determination of moisture level in a given sample of leather by ASTM 29. Determination of moisture level in a given sample of clay 30. Determination of moisture level in a given sample of cement 17 Department of Chemical Engineering U. E. T Peshawar