[Wireless] Version 1.2

[Wireless] Version 1.2 1

Course Outline Introduction to Wireless Customer Needs and The Solution Wireless Standards and Certifications Wireless Access Point Operation Modes Power Over Ethernet Wireless Antenna Wireless Security D-Link Wireless Product Wireless Solution Wireless Application D-Link Unified Access System Unified Access System Overview D-Link Unified Wireless Switch D-Link Wireless Switch Features and Advantages D-Link Unified Access Point Market Analysis for D-Link Wireless Switch Wireless Switch Deployment Application Success Stories 2 2

DCS Wireless Introduction to Wireless 3 3

Introduction to Wireless Introduction to Wireless After this session, you should be capable of express: 1. What is wireless LAN technology, its advantages and differences between the wired LAN 2. The evolution of wireless LAN 3. Basic knowledge of wireless technology: What is the minimum requirement to build a WLAN, types of wireless network and stepby-step needed in building WLAN 4 4

Introduction to Wireless WLAN Technology Wireless LAN Technology Overview Wireless LAN Definition Network infrastructure where all data are being transmitted and received use radio signals over the air instead of wires. Advantages of implementing WLAN technology Increase mobility Low implementation and network expansion Scalability Differences between wired LAN and wireless LAN Wired LAN Run network cable installation Limited by network media Depend on physical location Data are sent through network cable Wireless LAN Not required to run network cable installation Not limited by network media Independent on physical location Data are sent through the air A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a network infrastructure that transmits and receives data with radio signals instead of wires. WLANs are used increasingly in both home and office environments, and public areas such as airports, coffee shops and universities. Innovative ways to utilize WLAN technology are helping people to work and communicate more efficiently. Increased mobility and the absence of cabling and other fixed infrastructure have proven to be beneficial for many users. Wireless users can use the same applications they use on a wired network. Wireless adapter cards used on laptop and desktop systems support the same protocols as Ethernet adapter cards. Advantages that people can get by implementing WLAN technology are as below: Mobility - Productivity increases when people have access to data in any location within the operating range of the WLAN. Management decisions based on realtime information can significantly improve worker efficiency. Low Implementation Costs and inexpensive solution - WLANs are easy to set up, manage, change and relocate. Networks that frequently change can benefit from WLANs ease of implementation. WLANs can operate in locations where installation of wiring may be impractical. Besides, wireless network devices are also as competitively priced as conventional Ethernet network devices. Installation and Network Expansion - Installing a WLAN system can be fast and easy and can eliminate the need to pull cable through walls and ceilings. Wireless technology allows the network to go where wires cannot go - even outside the home or office. Scalability - WLANs can be configured in a variety of ways to meet the needs of specific applications and installations. Configurations are easily changed and range from Peer-to-Peer networks suitable for a small number of users to larger Infrastructure networks to accommodate hundreds or thousands of users, depending on the number of wireless devices deployed. 5 5

Introduction to Wireless WLAN Technology Comparison between Wired LAN & Wireless LAN Installation Wired LAN Moderate level of difficulty Cost Less More Wireless LAN Easier, but must be careful with the interference issue Reliability High Reasonably High Performance Very Good Good Security Reasonably Good Reasonably Good Mobility Limited Outstanding 6 6

Introduction to Wireless History of WLAN History of Wireless LAN Below are the evolution of Wireless LAN 1970 1985 1991 1997 1970 ALOHAnet was developed at the University of Hawaii 1985 Federal Communication Commission (FCC) announced authorized license-free wireless bands 1991 First workshop held by IEEE. WLAN product had been launched, and IEEE had just started to develop wireless standard 1997 Federal Communication Commission (FCC) announced authorized wireless equipment which used the license-free bands Page is Animated 7 1970 - ALOHAnet was developed at the University of Hawaii 1985 - Federal Communication Commission (FCC) announced authorized license-free spread spectrum wireless equipment in three ISM bands 1991 - The first IEEE workshop on Wireless LAN was held. Early wireless LAN products had also just appeared in the market and the IEEE 802.11 committee had just started its activities to develop a standard for wireless LANs 1997 - Federal Communication Commission (FCC) announced authorized license-free spread spectrum wireless equipment in three U-NII bands. 7

Introduction to Wireless Basic Knowledge on Wireless Network Basic Component for Wireless Network Basic component for wireless network Wireless Client/STA e.g. Wi-Fi Phone, PDA with Wi-Fi built-in, etc Wireless adapter for client device (used only for client that does not support wireless Wireless USB Adapter PCMCIA Express Card and PICe Wireless device Access Point Wireless Router Antenna D-Link Wireless USB Adapter D-Link PCMCIA wireless network adapter D-Link Access Point Outdoor Antenna 8 8

Introduction to Wireless Basic Knowledge on Wireless Network Wireless Network Types Ad-Hoc type (1) Connect to other wireless client devices without the use of any wireless media Useful for establishing a network where wireless infrastructure does not exist or where services are not required Not suitable for large scale network Infrastructure type (2) Connect to other wireless client device with the use of any wireless media to act as a central point Suitable to be deployed for a large scale network Hybrid type (3) Combination between Ad-Hoc and Infrastructure Sometimes supported. Security problem might appear if clients additionally formed Ad-Hoc network with no or simple authentication 9 There are two basic forms of WLAN network type: Ad-hoc and infrastructure type. Ad-hoc Type The simplest form of a wireless network is created by connecting two or more wireless clients together in a peer-to-peer network. Using this type, wireless network is established without the use of any wireless device such as access point. All clients within an ad-hoc network are equal. The area covered by this network is known as an Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). Infrastructure Type Ad-Hoc type is not suitable to be used for Larger network which require a single device that controls communications in the wireless cell. an AP is needed to take over this role and control who can talk and when. This type of network is known as infrastructure mode and is the mode of wireless communication most often used in the home and business environment. In this form of WLAN, individual STAs can not communicate directly with each other. To communicate, each device must obtain permission from the AP. The AP controls all communications and ensures that all STAs have equal access to the medium. The area covered by a single AP is known as a Basic Service Set (BSS) or cell. An Extended Service Set (ESS) is a set of two or more BSSs that form a single sub-network. 9

Introduction to Wireless Basic Knowledge on Wireless Network Building Wireless LAN Steps in building WLAN Evaluate and assess customer requirements Do site survey activity task Plan and design the solution Choose the right wireless equipment Implement the solution Enhance the network (security, etc) Consideration in building WLAN Same wireless channel cannot overlap Same frequency used by other devices may interfere the performance of wireless LAN 10 10

Introduction to Wireless Summary Summary Using wireless technology, all data are being transmitted and received over the air use radio signal instead of wires. WLAN technology provides more advantages compared to LAN technology, especially in flexibility and mobility. The idea of inventing wireless technology first came on 1970 when ALOHAnet was developed at University of Hawaii and it was continuously improved until now. To build a wireless network, the minimum devices required are Wireless compatible client (or wireless adapter needed for wireless incompatible client) and the wireless device such as access point. Actually, there are two wireless network types: Ad-Hoc type for small network and infrastructure type for bigger network. In building WLAN, there are things needed to be considered and it will be better if we follow the right steps. 11 11

Introduction to Wireless Questions and Answers Questions and Answers 1. Select options that are not advantages of using wireless technology. (Choose all that apply) A. Increase mobility B. High implementation cost C. No standardization for wireless technology D. High scalability E. Easy network expansion 2. Select characteristics belonging to wireless technology. (Choose all that apply) A. Data are sent through network media B. Depend on the physical location C. Not required to run network cable installation D. Data are sent using radio signal 3. Select year when FCC first announced authorized license-free wireless bands. A. 1970 B. 1985 C. 1991 D. 1997 12 1. B, C 2. C, D 3. B 12

Introduction to Wireless Questions and Answers Questions and Answers 4. Select requirements that are needed when building a wireless network. (Choose two) A. Access Point B. Router C. Switch D. Wireless Adapter E. Bridge 5. Select the statement that best describes Ad-Hoc wireless network type. A. The wireless coverage area is known as Basic Service Set or Cell B. Require single device that control the communication in the network C. All clients within the network are equal D. Suitable to be deployed for a large scale network 13 4. A, D 5. C 13

DCS Wireless Customer Needs and The Solutions 14 14

Customer Needs and The Solutions Customer Needs and The Solutions After this section, you should be capable of expressing: 1. Common customer needs when building network infrastructure 2. Solutions that D-Link provide to fulfill all customer needs 15 15

Customer Needs and The Solutions Common Customer Needs Common Customer Needs when Deploying Network Infrastructure Flexibility Scalability Ease of deployment Secure network infrastructure Simple network management Common customer s needs when deploying a network infrastructure are: Flexibility Customers need a flexible network infrastructure deployment. They can choose whether they want to connect different types of network (wired network wireless network) or not. Scalability Customers want to deploy a scalable network infrastructure where they can expand an existing network infrastructure anytime they want without any difficulties. Ease of deployment The easier the network deployment, the more happier the customer. Because the easier the network deployment, the less time to waste and the less cost to spend. Secure network infrastructure Main consideration when deploy a network infrastructure is Security. Good network infrastructure must have a good security. Data traffic is to be kept confidential and unauthorized people are impossible to access network resource. Simple network management Customers want a simple and easy network maintenance and management where they can monitor and control network traffics easily 16 16

Customer Needs and The Solutions D-Link Solutions for Customer Needs Flexibility We can flexibly connect the WLAN with LAN Receive the packet, Print the documents Shared network printer File Server Get documents from file server Mobile client Switch receive the packet and forward it to network printer Layer 2 switch Document to be printed AP receive the packet Forwards the packet to switch Mobile client Send document to the network printer Mobile client Page is Animated 17 From the above scenario, we can conclude that wireless technology provide flexibility. Customer can connect their wired network to the wireless LAN. Mobile users still can access network resources in the existing wired network infrastructure. For example, we can see that one of the mobile client try to print the document to a printer located in the wired network 17

Customer Needs and The Solutions D-Link Solutions for Customer Needs Scalability Network expansion is scalable by adding more wireless devices Shared network printer File Server PDA User Layer 2 switch Additional wireless device Mobile client Mobile client Mobile client Existing Network area New Extended network area Page is Animated 18 By implement wireless technology, network expansion will become more easier. No cable installation and changes to the existing network infrastructure needed. Thus reduce deployment time and cost. 18

Customer Needs and The Solutions D-Link Solutions for Customer Needs Ease of Deployment Customers are not limited to physical area when deploy a wireless network infrastructure, for example: different location in the same building or connect building-to-building wireless infrastructure Less effort in cable installation Customers do not need to do so much cable installation Shared network printer File Server Minimal Cable installation in the WLAN PDA Layer 2 switch Mobile client Mobile client Mobile client Deploy a wireless network infrastructure is much more easier than deploy a wired network infrastructure. No need to change current physical location and no need to run cable installation 19 19

Customer Needs and The Solutions D-Link Solutions for Customer Needs Secure Network Infrastructure Permits only authorized users to connect to the network File Server Shared network printer Layer 2 switch Router Authorized Client Access to network Allowed Join to network, Accessing network resources Access to network denied Unauthorized client Page is Animated 20 Wireless network infrastructure can be secured using any type of authentication method. If the wireless device is configured for authentication, then every clients who want to join the network will be authenticated first. If the users successfully through the authentication process then he/she will be permitted to access the network resource. Vice versa, if the authentication process failed then the client will be denied to access network resources. 20

Customer Needs and The Solutions D-Link Solutions for Customer Needs Simple Network Management Administrator or authorized user can simply managed the network infrastructure Easy when do some monitoring task and control network traffics Manage any wireless devices and control network traffics through client s device AP_1 AP_2 Page is Animated 21 Wireless device can be easily managed and maintain. Network traffic also can be monitored and controlled easily. Administrator just need to connect to the device to be maintained through PC or notebook. 21

Customer Needs and The Solutions Summary Summary When building a network infrastructure, some requirements from the customer that need to be fulfilled are quite common. Generally, the customer wants the network built were deployed easily, provides flexibility, scalability, secured, and easy to manage and monitor. D-Link provides solutions for these customer needs. One of the solutions is implementing wireless technology. D-Link wireless products provide many advantages for customers and is widely known as a powerful device. 22 22

Customer Needs and The Solutions Questions and Answers Questions and Answers 1. Select common customer needs when deploying network infrastructure. (Choose all that apply) A. Complicated network infrastructure to prevent users from attacking the internal network B. Customers are not limited to physical area when deploying a wireless network infrastructure C. Easy when doing some monitoring task and control network traffics D. High effort in cable installation 23 1. B, C 23

DCS Wireless Wireless Standards and Certifications 24 24

Wireless Standards and Certifications Wireless Standards and Certifications Wireless Standards Wireless Certifications 25 25

Wireless Standards and Certifications Wireless Standards Wireless Standards After this section, you should be capable of expressing: 1. All wireless standards (802.11a/b/g/n) start from characteristics, differences between each standard 2. Advantages for the newest wireless standard (802.11n) 26 26

Wireless Standards and Certifications Wireless Standards Overview IEEE Wireless Standard Overview 802.11a 5GHz, ratified in 1999 (shipping 2001) 802.11b 11Mbps, 2.4GHz, ratified in 1999 802.11c MAC-layer bridging (802.1d) 802.11d Additional regulatory domains (world mode) 802.11e Quality of Service 802.11f Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP) 802.11g Higher Data Rate (>20Mbps, actually 54Mbps), 2.4GHz 802.11h 54Mbps at 5GHz using DFS and TPC (Europe) 802.11i Authentication and security 802.11j Japan regulatory conformance 802.11k Radio Resource Management (Signal Quality, 2004) 802.11m Various 802.11 improvements (bugfixes) 802.11n Beyond 100Mbps, longer distances (2007) 802.11p Wireless Access for the Vehicular Environment (WAVE) 802.11r Fast roaming 802.11s Mesh networks 802.11T Wireless Performance Prediction (WPP), test methods and metrics 802.11u Interoperability with non-802 networks (e.g. cellular) 802.11v WLAN Management 27 27

Wireless Standards and Certifications Ratified Wireless Standards List of Ratified Wireless Standards Standards 802.11a 802.11b 802.11g Release Date October 1999 October 1999 June 2003 Frequency 5 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz Throughput (Typical) 23 Mbps 4.3 Mbps 19 Mbps Max. Data Rate 54 Mbps 11 Mbps 54 Mbps Modulation Technique Range (Indoor)* Range (Outdoor)** OFDM DSSS OFDM ~ 35 meters ~ 38 meters ~ 38 meters ~ 120 meters ~ 140 meters ~ 140 meters * Range depends on number of walls and the type. ** Range depends on total loss (include any obstacles) 28 Ratified wireless standards defined by IEEE: 802.11a released on October 1999 with 54 Mbps of speed at 5 GHz frequency. It support maximum range of 50m depends on the speed and the physical infrastructure. 802.11b released on October 1999 with 11Mbps of speed at 2.4 GHz and 100m maximum range 802.11g release on June 2003 with 54Mbps at 2.4GHz and 100m maximum range * Values for maximum range are subject to changes depends on the speed and physical infrastructure. 28

Wireless Standards and Certifications Ratified Wireless Standards Comparison of 802.11a/b/g Wireless Standards 802.11a 802.11b 802.11g Speed Fast speed Slow speed Fast speed Compatibility with other 802.11 standards Vulnerable to interference Not compatible with 802.11b/g standards Compatible with 802.11g standard No No No Compatible with 802.11b standard Distance coverage Short distance Long distance Long distance Signal strength due to penetrating obstacles Suitable application Poor Lower Lower Nearby buildingto-building connection (rarely implemented today) Hotspot area, office, hospital, etc Differences between 802.11 a/b /g standardization are: Signal Strength 802.11a signal strength will significantly decreased if it hits any obstacles, e.g.: walls, building, etc 802.11b/g signal strength will be decreased if it hits any obstacles, but it still much better if compare to 802.11a Interference 802.11a less prone to interference because it use different frequency (5GHz) 802.11b/g more vulnerable to interference because many devices use the same frequency (2.4GHz), such as microwave, etc 29 29

Wireless Standards and Certifications 802.11n Wireless Standard Characteristics of 802.11n on D-Link Products 802.11n ** Release Date September 2009 Speed 300 Mbps Frequency 2.4GHz and 5.0GHz Range 250 meters ** 802.11n is still in draft (version 2) and has been not ratified yet, so maximum range value may change 802.11n wireless standardization has not been ratified yet. It provide the fastest speed than any other 802.11 standardization. The maximum speed it can handle is 540Mbps. It can runs on either 2.4GHz frequency or 5.0GHz frequency. Maximum range is 250m but is still can change until the standardization are ratified. 30 30

Wireless Standards and Certifications 802.11n Wireless Standard Advantages of 802.11n 802.11n - Wide Wireless coverage area Multiple Antenna (MIMO) Optimize data speed and greater coverage area Message received by AP, AP forward the message to client B 802.11b/g 802.11a Client B received the message Start to send message to AP Faster data transfer Wireless client A Client A want to send message to client B Wireless client B Page is Animated 31 Advantages of 802.11n: MIMO Is the use of multiple transmitters and receivers (multiple antennas) on wireless devices for improved performance. When two transmitters and two or more receivers are used, two simultaneous data streams can be sent, which double the data rate. Multiple receivers alone allow greater distances between devices. Wide wireless coverage area Fast speed 31

Wireless Standards and Certifications Summary: Wireless Standard Summary: Wireless Standard Currently, there are three wireless standards which already ratified by IEEE. Those standards are 802.11a, 802.11b, and 80211g. 802.11a runs on the frequency of 5GHz while 802.11b and 802.11g run on the frequency of 2.4GHz. 802.11a and 802.11g provide 54Mbps of speeds, while 802.11b provides only 11Mbps of speed. The newest wireless standards which has not been ratified yet is 802.11n. It runs on both frequency (2.4GHz and 5.0GHz). D-Link products do support 802.11n standard for both frequencies. The speed for this standard can be up to 300Mbps and provides the farthest signal strength. 32 32

Wireless Standards and Certifications Questions and Answers: Wireless Standards Questions and Answers: Wireless Standards 1. Select ratified wireless standards that run on 2.4GHz frequency. (Choose all that apply) A. 802.11a B. 802.11b C. 802.11g D. 802.11n 2. Select ratified wireless standards that provide the fastest speed. (Choose all that apply) A. 802.11a B. 802.11b C. 802.11g D. 802.11n 3. Select standard that is least prone to interference. A. 802.11a B. 802.11b C. 802.11g D. 802.11n 33 1. B, C 2. A, C 3. A 33

Wireless Standards and Certifications Questions and Answers: Wireless Standards Questions and Answers: Wireless Standards 4. Select advantages of 802.11n over other wireless standards. (Choose two) A. High level of security B. Support dual-band operation (2.4GHZ, and 5.0GHz) C. Least prone to interference D. The use of MIMO speeds up data transfer 34 4. B, D 34

Wireless Standards and Certifications Wireless Certifications Wireless Certifications After this section, you should be capable of expressing: 1. What is Wi-Fi Alliance and its purpose 2. Types of certifications defined by the Wi-Fi Alliance along with the general information for each certification 35 35

Wireless Standards and Certifications Wi-Fi Alliance Wi-Fi Alliance Overview Wi-Fi Alliance is a non-profit international association formed in 1999 to certify interoperability of wireless Local Area Network products based on IEEE 802.11 specification. 210 member companies from around the world 865 products have received Wi-Fi certification The goal of the Wi-Fi Alliance s members is to enhance the use experience through product interoperability Wi-Fi alliance is a nonprofit international association which purpose is to certify interoperability of WLAN products based on IEEE 802.11 standards. Official website: http://www.wi-fi.org 36 36

Wireless Standards and Certifications Types of Certifications Certification defined by Wi-Fi Alliance Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) Certification Wi-Fi CERTIFIED logo is the only assurance that a product has met rigorous interoperability testing requirements to ensure that compatible products from different vendors will work together. Wireless Multimedia (WMM) Certification Technology that maintains the priority of audio, video and voice applications in a Wi-Fi network so that other applications and traffic are less likely to slow them. Wireless Security Certification (WPA/WPA2) Wi-Fi Alliance has to ensure that all Wi-Fi Certified wireless products must support WPA/WPA2 for the security features Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) Certification To standardize an easy and secure setup solution for Wi-Fi network User can configure the home network with WPA2-PSK easily To be acknowledged as a Wi-Fi certified one, wireless product will be tested to fulfill below requirements. All Mandatory programs must be fulfilled in order to assured that the product is of capable to be Wi-Fi certified. The optional programs is the alternative programs which need not to be fulfilled. Mandatory programs Wi-Fi products based on IEEE radio standards - 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g in single, dual mode (802.11b and 802.11g) or multi-band (2.4GHz and 5GHz) products. Now also required by CTIA for Wi-Fi enabled handsets seeking CTIA certification. Wi-Fi wireless network security - WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access ) and WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) offer government-grade security mechanisms for personal and enterprise. EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) - An authentication mechanism used to validate the identity of network devices (for enterprise devices). Optional programs Next-generation Wi-Fi support for the IEEE 802.11n draft 2.0 radio standard. Set-up of security features - Wi-Fi Protected Setup facilitates easy set-up of security using a Personal Identification Number (PIN) or a button located on the Wi-Fi device. Support for multimedia content over Wi-Fi networks - WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia ) enables Wi-Fi networks to prioritize traffic generated by different applications, using Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms. Power savings for multimedia content over Wi-Fi networks - WMM Power Save helps conserve battery life while using voice and multimedia applications by managing the time the device spends in sleep mode. (In recent testing, showed 37-73% power savings versus legacy power save mechanisms.) For converged devices with both Wi-Fi and cellular technology - provides detailed information about the performance of the Wi-Fi radio in a converged handset, as well as how the cellular and Wi-Fi radios interact with one another. Now mandatory for Wi-Fi enabled handsets seeking CTIA certification. WMM WMM is QoS for wireless (802.11) network standardized by Wi-Fi Alliance. WMM prioritizes traffic demands from different applications and extends Wi-Fi's high quality end-user experience from data connectivity to voice, music, and video applications under a wide variety of environment and traffic conditions. WMM defines four access categories (voice, video, best effort, and background) that are used to prioritize traffic so that these applications have access to the necessary network resources. WPS Wi-Fi Protected Setup is an optional certification program from the Wi-Fi Alliance that is designed to ease the task of setting up and configuring security on wireless local area networks. Introduced by the Wi-Fi Alliance in early 2007, the program provides an industry-wide set of network setup solutions for homes and small office (SOHO) environments. Wi-Fi Protected Setup enables typical users who possess little understanding of traditional Wi-Fi configuration and security settings to automatically configure new wireless networks, add new devices and enable security. To know more about the certification, visit: http://www.wi-fi.org/index.php 37 37

Wireless Standards and Certifications Summary: Wireless Certifications Summary: Wireless Certifications Wi-Fi Alliance is a non-profit international association formed to certify interoperability of wireless Local Area Network products based on IEEE 802.11 specification. Wi-Fi certification ensures that compatible products from different vendors will work together. Wireless Multimedia (WMM) certification is wireless QoS technology that maintains the priority of audio, video and voice applications in a Wi-Fi network so that other applications and traffic are less likely to slow them. Wireless security (WPA/WPA2) certification ensures that all Wi-Fi Certified wireless products must support WPA/WPA2 for security features. 38 38

Wireless Standards and Certifications Questions and Answers: Wireless Certification Questions and Answers: Wireless Certifications 1. Select certification defined by Wi-Fi Alliance that maintains the priority of audio, video and voice applications in a Wi-Fi network. A. Wi-Fi certification B. WMM certification C. Wireless security certification D. WPS certification 2. Select optional programs provide by Wi-Fi Alliance. (Choose two) A. WMM power save B. WPA/WPA2 certification C. Wi-Fi certification D. Wi-Fi Protected Setup 39 1. B 2. A, D 39

DCS Wireless Wireless Access Point Operation Modes 40 40

Wireless Access Point Operation Modes Wireless Access Point Operation Modes After this section, you should be capable of expressing: 1. Types of AP operation modes 2. Characteristics of each AP mode 3. Benefits obtained for each AP mode 4. General illustration on how to deploy each AP mode 41 41

Wireless Access Point Operation Modes AP Operation Modes Types of AP Operation Modes There are different operation modes where wireless AP can run Access Point WDS WDS with AP Universal Repeater Wireless Client WISP Repeater* WISP Client Router* * WISP Repeater and WISP Client Router Modes are supported by DAP-1160. 42 42

Wireless Access Point Operation Modes Access Point Operation Mode Access Point Mode Overview and Illustration Characteristics of AP mode Device acts as a central connection point for any computer (client) Benefits of using AP mode Connect and share network resources from any mobile clients easily Mobile connectivity regardless of the location Hotspot area at a cafe ADSL Ethernet Modem Access Point Café guest Café guest Access Point mode means that the AP device act as a central connection point or Hub for any client. It can also connect the wired network or to the Internet. This mode is set to be a default mode in D-Link access point. 43 43

Wireless Access Point Operation Modes WDS Operation Mode Wireless Distribution System Mode Overview Characteristics of WDS mode Wirelessly connect separate LAN that cannot be connected together with a cable Benefits of using WDS mode Ease-of-deployment network extension extend the network without any difficulties, easier than deployment of wired network infrastructure Cost reduction customers can connect to the remote network wirelessly at a minimal cost 44 WDS Allows to connect multiple wireless LANs together (connect separate networks wirelessly). Remember that this mode cannot run as normal access point mode where many client can connect to it. For the client to connect to the network, the client must connect to either a switch or an normal AP that connect to the WDS mode AP through a cable. 44

Wireless Access Point Operation Modes WDS Operation Mode WDS Mode Application WDS mode application Connect Head Office to Branch Office in different locations Branch office of a training center is located in Street A wants to connect its network to the Head Office located in Street B with a minimal cost. A Access point at both of the office must be WDS mode enabled for the two network can be connected Branch Office B Head Office Branch office of a training center located in Street A want to connect its network to the Head Office located in Street B with a minimal cost, so the Branch office can send all of the transaction report quickly and flexible to the Head office. The other purpose is to give internet access to the Branch Office (The head office provides the internet connection). 45 45

Wireless Access Point Operation Modes WDS with AP Operation Mode WDS with AP Mode Overview Characteristics of WDS mode with AP Has the same function with WDS mode, but it can also act as an access point Client with wireless adapter can wirelessly connect to the AP and then connect to other LAN Benefits of using WDS mode with AP Ease-of-deployment network extension Cost reduction customers can connect to the remote network wirelessly at a minimal cost Flexibility connect to any type of network (wired or wireless) AP running WDS mode with AP connect separate networks wirelessly. Furthermore, this WDS mode with AP can run as normal access point mode where many client can connect to it. Thus, the client can connect to the AP directly and then access the remote wireless network. 46 46

Wireless Access Point Operation Modes WDS with AP Operation Mode WDS with AP Mode Application Integrate separate wireless network across the campus buildings in a school A university needs to interconnect the entire campus which includes main building and remote business-administration faculty campus building where no wired infrastructure existed and it is just 160 meters away from the main building. Main campus Area Mobile users associated to the indoor AP Running AP mode Indoor AP WDS mode enabled Outdoor AP Connected via Ethernet 160m WDS with AP mode enabled Business- Administration Faculty Campus Indoor AP Mobile users associated to the AP 47 47

Wireless Access Point Operation Modes Universal Repeater Operation Mode Universal Repeater Mode Overview Characteristics of universal repeater mode Increase the range of the wireless network by extending the wireless coverage of another AP or wireless router without the need to cable installation The use of universal repeater mode in an access point will gain an extra 50% coverage area Universal repeater mode means that this mode can be used in any types of access point regardless their brand Benefits of universal repeater mode Expand wireless coverage area Increase users mobility Universal Repeater Allows to repeat the wireless signal of the root access point. In the case where wireless repeater is used, a 50 percent overlap between both access point on the wired network and the wireless repeater is required. The wireless repeater must use the same channel as being used by the access point, and the SSID of the access point must be configured in the wireless repeater 48 48

Wireless Access Point Operation Modes Universal Repeater Operation Mode Universal Repeater Mode Application Office area expansion due to new formed department When a new department is formed, it means more space from the office will be needed. Universal repeater mode can be used to expand the coverage area, so new department can be easily connected to the existing wireless infrastructure. Office area expanded NO cable installation needed Wired network Access Point running repeater mode Two APs connect wirelessly Access Point PDA user Mobile user Mobile user 49 49

Wireless Access Point Operation Modes Wireless Client Operation Mode Wireless Client Mode Overview and Application Characteristics of wireless client mode The AP running wireless client mode enabled a wired device to act wirelessly as if it is a wireless device AP with wireless client mode enabled will not be visible as an access point. Hence, it will not accept any wireless connections from client devices. Benefits of using wireless client mode Alternation solution to make a wired device to become a wireless device Wireless client mode enabled Access point mode Wired IP Camera Access Point Ethernet switch Enabled the wired device (i.e. IP camera) to act as a wireless device Mobile user Ethernet client 50 Wireless Client Allows any device with an Ethernet connection to connect to the wireless network, such as a Ethernet printer, gaming console (Xbox, PS2), IP camera, etc. This mode is useful for a condition where a device doesn t support for wireless capability. 50

Wireless Access Point Operation Modes WISP Operation Mode WISP Repeater Mode Overview and Application Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP) Repeater mode / Client Router mode Characteristics of WISP Repeater mode The device wirelessly connects to a WISP AP It also acts as a router and share Internet connection for both wired and wireless clients on the network Benefits of using WISP Repeater mode Share Internet access to all clients without the need of extra device Signal directed to the WISP Antenna directed to WISP Running WISP Repeater mode Access Point Share WISP connection to both wired and wireless client The AP repeats the signal received from the WISP WISP Client Subscribe internet connection from WISP www.google.com www.yahoo.com Mobile users can surf to the internet 51 In WISP Repeater mode, the AP wirelessly connects to a WISP (Wireless Internet Service Provider) AP. In this mode, the AP also connects both wireless and wired clients on your LAN. WISP Repeater mode provides NAT (Network Address Translation) and a DHCP server to generate IP addresses for both wireless and wired clients. NAT and the DHCP server allow many computers to share the same wireless Internet connection. 51

Wireless Access Point Operation Modes WISP Operation Mode WISP Client Router Mode Overview and Application Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP) Client Router Mode Characteristics of WISP client router mode The device wirelessly connect to a WISP AP It also acts as a router for wired clients and provides Network Address Translation (NAT) and DHCP server (generate IP addresses for wired clients) Benefits of using WISP client router mode The WISP subscriber can share the WISP connection without the need for extra router. Signal directed to the WISP Antenna directed to WISP Running WISP Client router mode Access Point Share Internet connection to the wired clients WISP Client Subscribe internet connection from WISP www.google.com www.yahoo.com Users from the wired LAN can surf to the internet 52 52

Wireless Access Point Operation Modes Summary Summary D-Link wireless access points provide six operation modes which are AP mode, WDS mode, WDS with AP mode, universal repeater mode, wireless client mode and WISP repeater modes. AP mode functions as a central connection point for any computers (clients) WDS mode allows to connect multiple wireless LANs together (connect separate network wirelessly). WDS with AP mode connect separate networks wirelessly while also functions as a central connection point for any clients. Universal repeater mode allows to repeat the wireless signal of the root access point. Wireless client mode allows any device with an Ethernet connect to connect to the wireless network. WISP repeater mode enabled AP function to share Internet connection to all the clients without the need of extra device. 53 53

Wireless Access Point Operation Modes Questions and Answers Questions and Answers 1. Select operation modes that can be used to connect separate remote networks. (Choose all that apply) A. Access Point mode B. WDS mode C. WDS with AP mode D. Universal Repeater mode E. WISP Repeater mode 2. Select operation modes that do not allow clients to associate to the AP. (Choose all that apply) A. WDS mode B. WDS with AP mode C. Universal Repeater mode D. Wireless Client mode E. WISP Repeater 54 1. B, C 2. A, D 54

DCS Wireless Power over Ethernet 55 55

Power over Ethernet Power over Ethernet After this section, you should be capable of expressing: 1. What is Power over Ethernet technology (characteristics and benefits) 2. When is the most suitable time to implement PoE 3. How to implement PoE technology 56 56

Power over Ethernet Overview Power over Ethernet (PoE) Overview Characteristics of PoE device Based on IEEE 802.3af standardization It delivers electrical power (DC voltage) to a device over the same network cable which is used to send data Used when the AC power supply is not available at the location where the wireless LAN infrastructure devices are installed Benefits of PoE devices Increase flexibility clients can locate the access point anywhere without having to consider the existence of power outlet Managed fewer cable to the power outlet. This will make the wireless infrastructure deployment easier. PoE Switch Distribute electrical power Power Power Power Send and Send and receive data receive traffic data Access Point Access Point traffic Access Point PoE devices are useful when used to deploy a wireless network infrastructure where no power outlets provided. It gives electrical power to the unpowered devices such as access point through the same cable it used to send data traffic. It makes wireless infrastructure deployment easier. 57 57

Power over Ethernet Application of PoE Power over Ethernet Application Setting an access point at the roof top of a building An outdoor access point must be placed at the roof top of a building. This seems to be an easy task, but what makes it difficult is to think how to plug the AP to the power outlet (there is no power outlet at the roof top). The easiest solution is using PoE switch which can delivers power to the AP. Just connect the AP to any of the switch port and connect the PoE switch to power outlet. The problem is now solved. Connected using network cable Impossible to plug the AP directly to power outlet for this condition Ethernet Switch Located somewhere at the building within 100metres from the AP Outdoor Access Point 58 58

Power over Ethernet Summary Summary Device provides PoE feature can deliver electrical power (DC voltage) to a device over the same network cable which is used to send data. It is based on IEEE 802.3af standardization. PoE can be used when the AC power supply is not available at the location where the wireless LAN infrastructure devices are installed. 59 59

Power over Ethernet Questions and Answers Questions and Answers 1. Select statement that is not characteristics of PoE devices A. Based on IEEE 802.3ad standardization B. Deliver electrical power (DC voltage) C. Use the same network cable to send data D. None of the above 2. Select the most common implementation of PoE A. Deliver electrical power to all network devices in the server room B. Place an access point at the roof top of a building C. Network deployment in the Campus environment D. All of the above 60 1. A 2. B 60

DCS Wireless Wireless Antenna 61 61

Wireless Antenna Wireless Antenna After this section, you should be capable of expressing: 1. Types of wireless antenna and the characteristics 2. Differences between each antenna 3. Suitable condition to use each antenna 4. Models of wireless antennas 62 62

Wireless Antenna Overview Wireless Antenna Characteristics and Types Characteristics of wireless antenna Used on wireless devices (APs, wireless bridges, wireless routers) Increase the output signal strength from a wireless device Receives wireless signals from other devices such as wireless client Types of wireless antenna Omni-directional antenna / Dipole antenna Antenna which radiates the signal to all directions Semi-directional antenna Antenna which radiates the signal to certain direction in a shorter but wider coverage area Highly-directional antenna Antenna which radiates the signal to certain direction in a longer but narrower distance coverage area 63 Antennas are classified according to the way they radiate the signal. Directional antennas concentrate the signal strength into one direction. Omni-directional antennas are designed to emit equally in all directions. By concentrating all of the signal into one direction, directional antennas can achieve great transmission distances. Directional antennas are normally used in bridging applications while omni-directional antennas are found on APs. Increase in signal strength from an antenna is known as the gain. Higher gains usually translate into increased transmission distances. 63

Wireless Antenna Types of Wireless Antennas Omni-Directional / Dipole Antenna Characteristics of omni-directional antenna The most common wireless LAN antenna The signal radiates equally in all directions Suitable to be deployed in office area or in a building which connect multiple networks from any directions As long as users are inside the coverage area, they still can receive the signal Mobile user Signal Received Mobile user Outside the coverage area, user can not receive the signal 360 signal radiation Signal Received All wireless device around the antenna can receive the signal Page is Animated PDA user Omni-directional antenna is suitable to be deployed in an office area or in a building which connect multiple networks from any directions. It can also suitable to be deployed in a wide range public area where signal radiations must be spread to all directions. 64 64

Wireless Antenna Types of Wireless Antennas Semi-Directional Antenna Characteristics of semi-directional antenna Radiate the signal in a certain direction Suitable for short coverage area Commonly deployed in an office or an area where the coverage area is limited or to prevent the wireless coverage goes throughout the area which allows the stranger to access the wireless resources Office area Can not access to network Mobile user Outside the coverage area Wireless coverage area Shorter but wider Semidirectional antenna 65 Semi-directional antenna radiates the signal in a certain direction within a short coverage area. It is suitable to be deployed in an office or small coverage area. 65

Wireless Antenna Types of Wireless Antennas Highly-Directional Antenna Characteristics of highly-directional antenna Similar to semi-directional antenna which radiates the signal only to certain direction but with longer distance of the signal radiation Commonly deployed to connect building-to-building or area-to-area where the distance is quite far but the signal only needs to radiate to the remote building/area (certain direction) Signal radiation is longer but narrower Office A Separated to different location Office B 66 This type of antenna commonly used to connect separated point-to-point location. Its signal radiate the longest but the diameter is the narrowest compare to any type of antenna. 66

Wireless Antenna Models of D-Link Wireless Antennas Indoor Antenna Directional Antenna DWL-R60AT ANT24-0600 Omni-Directional Antenna ANT24-0501 ANT24-0700 DWL-50AT ANT24-0502 ANT24-0501c ANT24-0700c 67 67

Wireless Antenna Models of D-Link Wireless Antennas Outdoor Antenna Directional Antenna for Point-to-Point transmission ANT24-0801 ANT24-1400 ANT24-1201 ANT70-1000 ANT24-1800 ANT24-1801 ANT24-1200 ANT70-1800 Outdoor directional antenna can be used to deploy point-to-point connection, and repeater transmission. To build point-to-multi point connection, the use of directional antenna and omni-directional antenna must be combined. 68 68

Wireless Antenna Models of D-Link Wireless Antennas Outdoor Antenna Omni-Directional Antenna for Point-to-Multi-Point transmission ANT24-0800 ANT24-0500 ANT70-0800 ANT70-0801 New Product Sector Antenna Locate Omni-Directional Antenna here 69 69

Wireless Antenna Maximum Distance of D-Link Wireless Antennas Maximum Distance of D-Link Wireless Antennas PtMP(Omni) 5dBi 8dBi Outdoor 500m~2km Outdoor 2km~5km ANT24-0500 PtMP(Dir.) Omni 14dBi 18dBi ANT24-0800 ANT70-0800 ANT70-0801 8dBi PtP(Dir.) Patch 8.5dBi ANT24-1400 ANT70-1800 (2.4GHz) ANT24-1800 ANT24-1801 ANT70-1800 (5GHz) ANT24-0801 ANT24-1200 ANT70-1000 12dBi ANT24-CB03N ANT24-CB06N ANT24-CB09N 6dBi Patch ANT24-1201 ANT24-CB03N ANT24-CB06N ANT24-CB09N 0.5km 1.0km 1.5km 2.0km 2.5km 3.0km (5.5km) 70 70

Wireless Antenna Summary Summary There are three types of wireless antennas: Omni-directional / dipole antenna, semi-directional antenna, and highly directional antenna. Omni-directional antenna is used to radiates the signal to all directions. Semi-directional antenna is used to radiates the signal to certain direction in a shorter but wider coverage area. Highly-directional antenna is used to radiates the signal to certain direction in a narrower but longer distance of the signal radiation. There are both indoor antenna and outdoor antenna. 71 71

Wireless Antenna Questions and Answers Questions and Answers 1. Select wireless antennas that radiate signal only to certain direction. (Choose two) A. Omni-directional antenna B. Dipole antenna C. Semi-directional antenna D. Highly-directional antenna 2. Select wireless antenna that is most suitable to connect two buildings. A. Omni-directional antenna B. Dipole antenna C. Semi-directional antenna D. Highly-directional antenna 3. Select the advantages of using wireless antenna. (Choose all that apply) A. Increase the output of signal strength receives from wireless device\ B. Receive wireless signal from wireless clients C. Prevent unauthorized user from receiving the signal from the AP D. Classified into the way it radiates the signal 72 1. C, D 2. D 3. A 72

DCS Wireless Wireless Security 73 73

Wireless Security Wireless Security After this section, you should be capable of expressing: 1. Risks of deploying WLAN 2. How to overcome security issues (the risk of deploying WLAN) 3. Characteristics of WEP, WPA/WPA2 and the differences between each other 4. What is RADIUS and the way it authenticates users 5. What is MAC filtering 74 74

Wireless Security Risk of WLAN Risk of Deploying Wireless LAN (1) Unauthorized users may access the network facilities such as Internet connection freely Wireless coverage area excess the office This may allow unauthorized users to access network resources from the office Page is Animated Unauthorized user DANGER!!! Wireless network detected!!! Try to connect to the network Wireless network connected successfully!!! From the diagram above, we can see that through the use of wide signal coverage area it will let unauthorized user to detect the network and then connect to the network successfully if no security method configured. 75 75

Wireless Security Risk of WLAN Risk of Deploying Wireless LAN (2) Some people try to get some important / confidential data sent through the air by using wireless Hotspot area Access Point DANGER!!! User A is browsing the Internet and send confidential data User A Confidential data is send to the AP RECEIVE ALL the data (Password, Credit card number, etc) Hacker The hacker comes in and try to sniff the data Data SNIFFED!!! Risk of WLAN in public area Page is Animated 76 One danger risk in a WLAN deployment are the possibility for any people to sniff the data sent to the access point and get all the confidential information. Because the characteristic of wireless technology is that data are sent through the air. Data sniffing can be done if the hacker associate to any AP that is not secured and after associated successfully, the hacker can sniff the data by using a software such as Packet Sniffer. 76