16-Bit, Stereo, Audio ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER

49% FPO PCM181 PCM181 For most current data sheet and other product information, visit www.burr-brown.com 16-Bit, Stereo, Audio ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER FEATURES DUAL 16-BIT MONOLITHIC Σ ADC SINGLE-ENDED VOLTAGE INPUT 64X OVERSAMPLING DECIMATION FILTER: Passband Ripple: ±.5dB Stopband Attenuation: 65dB ANALOG PERFORMANCE: THDN: 88dB (typ) SNR: 93dB (typ) Dynamic Range: 93dB (typ) Internal High-Pass Filter PCM AUDIO INTERFACE: Left Justified, I 2 S SAMPLING RATE: 4kHz to 48kHz DESCRIPTION PCM181 is a low cost, single chip stereo analog-todigital converter with single-ended analog voltage inputs. The PCM181 uses a delta-sigma modulator with 64x oversampling, a digital decimation filter, and a serial interface which supports Slave mode operation and two data formats. The PCM181 is suitable for a wide variety of cost-sensitive consumer applications where good performance is required. SYSTEM CLOCK: 256f S, 384f S, or 512f S SINGLE 5V POWER SUPPLY SMALL SO-14 PACKAGE PCM181 V IN L V REF 1 V REF 2 Single-Endedto-Differential Converter Reference () ( ) 5th-Order Σ Modulator x1/64 Decimation and High-Pass Filter Serial Data Interface LRCK V IN R Single-Endedto-Differential Converter ( ) () 5th-Order Σ Modulator Format Control FMT BYPAS Power Supply Clock/Timing Control SCKI V CC AGND DGND V DD International Airport Industrial Park Mailing Address: PO Box 114, Tucson, AZ 85734 Street Address: 673 S. Tucson Blvd., Tucson, AZ 8576 Tel: (52) 746-1111 Twx: 91-952-1111 Internet: http://www.burr-brown.com/ Cable: BBRCORP Telex: 66-6491 FAX: (52) 889-151 Immediate Product Info: (8) 548-6132 1999 Burr-Brown Corporation PDS-1554B Printed in U.S.A. May, 2

SPECIFICATIONS All specifications at 25 C, V DD = V CC = 5V, f S = 44.1kHz, and 16-bit data, SYSCLK = 384f S, unless otherwise noted. PCM181U PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS RESOLUTION 16 Bits DIGITAL INPUT/OUTPUT Input Logic Level: V (1) IH 2. V V (1) IL.8 V Input Logic Current: I (2) IN ±1 µa I (3) IN 1 µa Output Logic Level: V (4) OH I OH = 1.6mA 4.5 V V (4) OL I OL = 3.2mA.5 V Sampling Frequency 4 44.1 48 khz System Clock Frequency 256f S 1.24 11.2896 12.288 MHz 384f S 1.536 16.9344 18.432 MHz 512f S 2.24 22.5792 24.576 MHz DC ACCURACY Gain Mismatch Channel-to-Channel ±1. ±2.5 % of FSR Gain Error ±2. ±5. % of FSR Gain Drift ±2 ppm of FSR/ C Bipolar Zero Error High-Pass Filter Bypass ±2. % of FSR Bipolar Zero Drift High-Pass Filter Bypass ±2 ppm of FSR/ C DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE (5) THDN at FS (.5dB) 88 8 db THDN at 6dB 9 db Dynamic Range EIAJ, A-weighted 9 93 db Signal-To-Noise Ratio EIAJ, A-weighted 9 93 db Channel Separation 88 91 db ANALOG INPUT Input Range FS (V IN = db) 2.828 Vp-p Center Voltage 2.1 V Input Impedance 3 kω Anti-Aliasing Filter Frequency Response 3dB 17 khz DIGITAL FILTER PERFORMANCE Passband.454f S Hz Stopband.583f S Hz Passband Ripple ±.5 db Stopband Attenuation 65 db Delay Time (Latency) 17.4/f S sec High Pass Frequency Response 3dB.19f S mhz POWER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS Voltage Range V CC 4.5 5. 5.5 VDC V DD 4.5 5. 5.5 VDC Supply Current (6) V CC = V DD = 5V 18 25 ma Power Dissipation V CC = V DD = 5V 9 125 mw TEMPERATURE RANGE Operation 25 85 C Storage 55 125 C Thermal Resistance, θ JA 1 C/W NOTES: (1) Pins 5, 6, 7, 9, and 1 (SCKI,, LRCK, BYPAS, FMT). (2) Pins 5, 6, 7 (SCKI,, LRCK) Schmitt-Trigger input. (3) Pins 9, 1 (BYPAS, FMT) Schmitt-Trigger input with 1kΩ typical pull-down resistor). (4) Pin 8 (). (5) f IN = 1kHz, using Audio Precisions System II, rms Mode with 2kHz LPF and 4Hz HPF enabled. (6) No load on (pin 8). PCM181 2

PIN CONFIGURATION PIN ASSIGNMENTS Top View 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 V IN L V IN R DGND V DD SCKI LRCK V REF 1 V REF 2 AGND PCM181U V CC FMT BYPAS 14 13 12 11 1 9 8 SOIC PIN NAME I/O DESCRIPTION 1 V IN L IN Analog Input, Lch. 2 V IN R IN Analog Input, Rch. 3 DGND Digital Ground 4 V DD Digital Power Supply 5 SCKI IN System Clock Input; 256f S, 384f S, or 512f S. 6 IN Bit Clock Input 7 LRCK IN Sampling Clock Input 8 OUT Audio Data Output 9 BYPAS IN HPF Bypass Control (1) L: HPF Enabled H: HPF Disabled 1 FMT IN Audio Data Format (1) L: MSB-First, Left-Justified H: MSB-First, I 2 S 11 V CC Analog Power Supply 12 AGND Analog Ground 13 V REF 2 Reference 2 Decoupling Capacitor 14 V REF 1 Reference 1 Decoupling Capacitor NOTE: (1) With 1kΩ typical pull-down resistor. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Supply Voltage: V DD, V CC... 6.5V Supply Voltage Differences... ±.1V GND Voltage Differences... ±.1V Digital Input Voltage....3V to (V DD.3V) Analog Input Voltage....3V to (V CC.3V) Input Current (any pin except supplies)... ±1mA Power Dissipation... 3mW Operating Temperature Range... 25 C to 85 C Storage Temperature... 55 C to 125 C Lead Temperature (soldering, 5s)... 26 C (reflow, 1s)... 235 C ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE SENSITIVITY This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Burr-Brown recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications. PACKAGE/ORDERING INFORMATION PACKAGE SPECIFIED DRAWING TEMPERATURE PACKAGE ORDERING TRANSPORT PRODUCT PACKAGE NUMBER RANGE MARKING NUMBER (1) MEDIA PCM181U SO-14 235 25 C to 85 C PCM181U PCM181U Rails " " " " " PCM181U/2K Tape and Reel NOTE: (1) Models with a slash (/) are available only in Tape and Reel in the quantities indicated (e.g., /2K indicates 2 devices per reel). Ordering 2 pieces of PCM181U/2K will get a single 2-piece Tape and Reel. The information provided herein is believed to be reliable; however, BURR-BROWN assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies or omissions. BURR-BROWN assumes no responsibility for the use of this information, and all use of such information shall be entirely at the user s own risk. Prices and specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights or licenses to any of the circuits described herein are implied or granted to any third party. BURR-BROWN does not authorize or warrant any BURR-BROWN product for use in life support devices and/or systems. 3 PCM181

BLOCK DIAGRAM PCM181 V IN L V REF 1 V REF 2 Single-Endedto-Differential Converter Reference () ( ) 5th-Order Σ Modulator x1/64 Decimation and High-Pass Filter Serial Data Interface LRCK V IN R Single-Endedto-Differential Converter ( ) () 5th-Order Σ Modulator Format Control FMT BYPAS Power Supply Clock/Timing Control SCKI V CC AGND DGND V DD ANALOG FRONT-END (Single-Channel) 1.µF 1 V IN L 3kΩ 1kΩ () 1kΩ ( ) Delta-Sigma Modulator 4.7µF 13 V REF 2 V REF 4.7µF 14 V REF 1 PCM181 4

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES At T A = 25 C, V DD = V CC = 5V, f S = 44.1kHz, and SYSCLK = 384f S, unless otherwise noted. ANALOG DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE.6 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION NOISE vs TEMPERATURE 3. 96 SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO AND DYNAMIC RANGE vs TEMPERATURE 96 THDN at.5db (%).5.4.3 6dB.5dB 2.8 2.6 2.4 THDN at 6dB (%) SNR (db) 95 94 93 Dynamic Range SNR 95 94 93 Dynamic Range (db).2 2.2 25 25 5 75 85 1 Temperature ( C) 92 92 25 25 5 75 85 1 Temperature ( C).6 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION NOISE vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE 3. 96 SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO AND DYNAMIC RANGE vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE 96 THDN at.5db (%).5.4.3.5dB 6dB 2.8 2.6 2.4 THDN at 6dB (%) SNR (db) 95 94 93 Dynamic Range SNR 95 94 93 Dynamic Range (db).2 4.5 4.75 5. 5.25 5.5 Supply Voltage (V) 2.2 92 4.5 4.75 5. 5.25 5.5 Supply Voltage (V) 92.6 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION NOISE vs SAMPLING RATE 3. 96 SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO AND DYNAMIC RANGE vs SAMPLING RATE 96 THDN at.5db (%).5.4.3.5dB 6dB 2.8 2.6 2.4 THDN at 6dB (%) SNR (db) 95 94 93 Dynamic Range 95 94 93 Dynamic Range (db) SNR.2 32 44.1 48 Sampling Rate (khz) 2.2 92 32 44.1 48 Sampling Rate (khz) 92 5 PCM181

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (Cont.) At T A = 25 C, V DD = V CC = 5V, f S = 44.1kHz, and SYSCLK = 384f S, unless otherwise noted. ANALOG DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE (cont.) 2 SUPPLY CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE 2 SUPPLY CURRENT vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE 16 I CC I DD 16 I CC I DD Supply Current (ma) 12 8 I CC I DD Supply Current (ma) 12 8 I CC I DD 4 4 25 25 5 75 1 Temperature ( C) 4.25 4.5 4.75 5. 5.5 5.75 Supply Voltage (V) 2 SUPPLY CURRENT vs SAMPLING RATE I CC I DD 16 Supply Current (ma) 12 8 4 I CC I DD 1 2 3 4 5 Sampling Rate (khz) PCM181 6

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (Cont.) At T A = 25 C, V DD = V CC = 5V, f S = 44.1kHz, and SYSCLK = 384f S, unless otherwise noted. OUTPUT SPECTRUM Full-Scale FFT 6dBFS FFT 2 2 4 4 6 8 1 6 8 1 12 12 14 5 1 15 2 Frequency (khz) 14 5 1 15 2 Frequency (khz) 1 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION NOISE vs AMPLITUDE.1 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION NOISE vs FREQUENCY 1 THDN (%) 1.1 THDN (%).1.1.1.1 1 8 6 4 2 Amplitude (dbv).1 2 1 1k 1k 2k Frequency (Hz) 7 PCM181

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (Cont.) At T A = 25 C, V DD = V CC = 5V, f S = 44.1kHz, and SYSCLK = 384f S, unless otherwise noted. DIGITAL FILTER OVERALL CHARACTERISTICS STOPBAND ATTENUATION CHARACTERISTICS 5 2 1 4 6 15 8 2 8 16 24 32 Normalized Frequency (x f S Hz) 1.25.5.75 1. Normalized Frequency (x f S Hz).2 PASSBAND RIPPLE CHARACTERISTICS TRANSITION BAND CHARACTERISTICS. 1 2.2.4.6 3 4 5 6 7.8 8 9 1..1.2.3.4.5 Normalized Frequency (x f S Hz) 1.45.46.47.48.49.5.51.52.53.54.55 Normalized Frequency (x f S Hz) HIGH PASS FILTER RESPONSE.2 HIGH PASS FILTER RESPONSE 1 2. 3 4 5 6 7.2.4.6 8 9.8 1.5.1.15.2.25.3 -.35.4 Normalized Frequency (x f S /1Hz) 1..5 1. 1.5 2. 2.5 3. 3.5 4. Normalized Frequency (x f S /1Hz) PCM181 8

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (Cont.) At T A = 25 C, V DD = V CC = 5V, f S = 44.1kHz, and SYSCLK = 384f S, unless otherwise noted. ANTI-ALIASING ANTI-ALIASING FILTER STOPBAND FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANTI-ALIASING FILTER PASSBAND FREQUENCY RESPONSE 5.1 1.2 15 2 25 3 35.3.4.5.6.7 4.8 45.9 5 1 1k 1k 1k 1M 1M Frequency (Hz) 1 1 1 1 1K 1K 1K Frequency (Hz) 9 PCM181

THEORY OF OPERATION PCM181 consists of a bandgap reference, two channels of a single-to-differential converter, a fully differential 5thorder delta-sigma modulator, a decimation filter (including digital high pass), and a serial interface circuit. The Block Diagram illustrates the total architecture of PCM181, the Analog Front-End diagram illustrates the architecture of the single-to-differential converter, and the anti-aliasing filter is illustrated in the Block Diagram. Figure 1 illustrates the architecture of the 5th-order delta-sigma modulator and transfer functions. An internal high precision reference with two external capacitors provides all reference voltages which are required by the converter, and defines the full-scale voltage range of both channels. The internal single-ended to differential voltage converter saves the design, space and extra parts needed for external circuitry required by many delta-sigma converters. The internal full differential architecture provides a wide dynamic range and excellent power supply rejection performance. The input signal is sampled at 64x oversampling rate, eliminating the need for a sample-and-hold circuit, and simplifying anti-alias filtering requirements. The 5th-order delta-sigma noise shaper consists of five integrators which use a switched-capacitor topology, a comparator and a feedback loop consisting of a 1-bit DAC. The delta-sigma modulator shapes the quantization noise, shifting it out of the audio band in the frequency domain. The high order of the modulator enables it to randomize the modulator outputs, reducing idle tone levels. The 64f S, 1-bit stream from the modulator is converted to 1f S, 16-bit digital data by the decimation filter, which also acts as a low-pass filter to remove the shaped quantization noise. The DC components are removed by a digital highpass filter, and the filtered output is converted to timemultiplexed serial signals through a serial interface which provides flexible serial formats. SYSTEM CLOCK The system clock for PCM181 must be either 256f S, 384f S, or 512f S, where f S is the audio sampling frequency. The system clock must be supplied on SCKI (pin 5). PCM181 also has a system clock detection circuit which automatically senses if the system clock is operating at 256f S, 384f S, or 512f S. When 384f S and 512f S system clock are used, the PCM181 automatically divides these clocks down to 256f S internally. This 256f S clock is used to operate the digital filter and the modulator. Table I lists the relationship of typical sampling frequencies and system clock frequencies. Figure 2 illustrates the system clock timing. SAMPLING RATE FREQUENCY (khz) SYSTEM CLOCK FREQUENCY (MHz) 256f S 384f S 512f S 32 8.192 12.288 16.384 44.1 11.2896 16.934 22.5792 48 12.288 18.432 24.576 TABLE I. System Clock Frequencies. Analog In X(z) 1st SW-CAP Integrator 2nd SW-CAP Integrator 3rd SW-CAP Integrator 4th SW-CAP Integrator 5th SW-CAP Integrator Qn(z) Digital Out Y(z) H(z) Comparator 1-Bit DAC Y(z) = STF(z) X(z) NTF(z) Qn(z) Signal Transfer Function Noise Transfer Function STF(z) = H(z)/[1 H(z)] NTF(z) = 1/[1 H(z)] FIGURE 1. Simplified Diagram of the PCM181 5th-Order Delta-Sigma Modulator. t CLKIH t CLKIL SCKI 2.V.8V System Clock Pulse Width High t CLKIH 12ns (min) System Clock Pulse Width Low t CLKIL 12ns (min) FIGURE 2. System Clock Timing. PCM181 1

RESET PCM181 has an internal power-on reset circuit, which initializes (resets) when the supply voltage (V CC /V DD ) exceeds 4.V (typ). The PCM181 stays in the reset state and the digital output is forced to zero. The digital output is valid after reset state release and 18436f S periods. During reset, the logic circuits and the digital filter stop operating. Figure 3 illustrates the internal power-on reset timing. SERIAL AUDIO DATA INTERFACE The PCM181 interfaces the audio system through (pin 6), LRCK (pin 7), and (pin 8). DATA FORMAT PCM181 supports two audio data formats in Slave Mode, and are selected by the FMT control input (pin 1) as shown in Table II. FMT DATA FORMAT (L) 16-Bit, Left-Justified 1 (H) 16-Bit, I 2 S TABLE II. Data Format. V CC /V DD 4.4V 4.V 3.6V Internal Reset System Clock Reset 124 System Clock Periods Reset Removal FIGURE 3. Internal Power-On Reset Timing. FMT = L 16-Bit, MSB-First, Left-Justified LRCK L ch R ch 1 2 3 14 15 16 1 2 3 14 15 16 1 MSB LSB MSB LSB FMT = H 16-Bit, MSB-First, I 2 S LRCK L-ch R-ch 1 2 3 14 15 16 1 2 3 14 15 16 MSB LSB MSB LSB FIGURE 4. Audio Data Format (Slave Mode: LRCK, and are inputs). 11 PCM181

SYNCHRONIZATION WITH DIGITAL AUDIO SYSTEM PCM181 operates with LRCK synchronized to the system clock (SCKI). PCM181 does not require a specific phase relationship between LRCK and SCKI, but does require the synchronization of LRCK and SCKI. If the relationship between LRCK and SCKI changes more than 6 bit clocks () during one sample period due to LRCK or SCKI jitter, internal operation of the ADC halts within 1/f S and the digital output is forced to BPZ until resynchronization between LRCK and SCKI is completed. In case of changes less than 5 bit clocks (), resynchronization does not occur and above digital output control and discontinuity does not occur. ADC DATA OUTPUT AT RESET Figures 6 and 7 illustrate the ADC digital output for the reset operation and loss of synchronization state. During undefined data, it may generate some noise in the audio signal. Also, the transition of normal to undefined data and undefined or zero data to normal makes a discontinuity of data on the digital output, and may generate some noise in the audio signal. BOARD DESIGN AND LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS V CC, V DD PINS The digital and analog power supply lines to the PCM181 should be bypassed to the corresponding ground pins with both.1µf and 1µF capacitors as close to the pins as possible to maximize the dynamic performance of the ADC. Although PCM181 has two power lines to maximize the potential of dynamic performance, using one common power supply is recommended to avoid unexpected power supply problems, such as latch-up due to power supply sequencing. AGND, DGND PINS To maximize the dynamic performance of the PCM181, the analog and digital grounds are not internally connected. These points should have very low impedance to avoid digital noise feedback into the analog ground. They should be connected directly to each other under the PCM181 package to reduce potential noise problems. V IN PINS A 1.µF tantalum capacitor is recommended as an ACcoupling capacitor which establishes a 5.3Hz cut-off frequency. If a higher full-scale input voltage is required, the input voltage range can be increased by adding a series resistor to the V IN pins. V REF INPUTS A 4.7µF tantalum capacitor is recommended between ground and the V REF 1 and V REF 2 references to ensure low source impedance. These capacitors should be located as close as possible to the V REF 1 or V REF 2 pins to reduce dynamic errors on the ADC s references. SYSTEM CLOCK The quality of the system clock can influence dynamic performance in the PCM181. The duty cycle, jitter, and threshold voltage at the system clock input pin must be carefully managed. When power is supplied to the part, the system clock, bit clock (), and word clock (LRCK) should also be supplied simultaneously. Failure to supply the audio clocks will result in a power dissipation increase of up to three times normal dissipation and may degrade long-term reliability if the maximum power dissipation limit is exceeded. t LRCP LRCK 1.4V t H t L t LRHD t LRSU 1.4V t P t CKDO t LRDO.5V DD DESCRIPTION SYMBOL MIN TYP MAX UNITS Period t P 3 ns Pulse Width HIGH t H 12 ns Pulse Width LOW t L 12 ns LRCK Set Up Time to Rising Edge t LRSU 8 ns LRCK Hold Time to Rising Edge t LRHD 4 ns LRCK Period t LRCP 2 µs Delay Time Falling Edge to Valid t CKDO 2 4 ns Delay Time LRCK Edge to Valid t LRDO 2 4 ns Rising Time of All Signals t RISE 2 ns Falling Time of All Signals t FALL 2 ns NOTE: Timing measurement reference level is (V IH /V IL )/2. Rising and falling time is measured from 1% to 9% of I/O signals swing. Load capacitance of signal is 2pF. FIGURE 5. Audio Data Interface Timing (LRCK and are inputs). PCM181 12

Power ON Reset Release Internal Reset Reset Ready/Operation 18436/f S Zero Data Normal Data (1) NOTE: (1) The HPF transient response (exponentially attenuationed signal from ±.2% DC of FSR with 2ms time constant) appears initially. FIGURE 6. ADC Output for Power-On Reset and RSTB Control. Synchronization Lost Resynchronization State of Synchronization Synchronous Asynchronous Synchronous 1/f S 32/f S (1 ) Normal Undefined Data Zero Data Normal (2 ) NOTES: (1) Applies only for Slave Mode the loss of synchronization never occurs in Master Mode. (2) The HPF transient response (exponentially attenuationed signal from ±.2% DC of FSR with 2ms time constant) appears initially. FIGURE 7. ADC Output for Loss of Synchronization. Lch IN Rch IN C 1 (1) C 2 (1) 1 2 V IN L V IN R V REF 1 V REF 2 14 13 C 6 (3) C 5 (3) C 3 (2) 3 4 DGND VDD AGND V CC 12 11 C 4 (2) V 5V Audio Data Processor System Clock Data Clock 5 6 SCKI FMT BYPAS 1 9 Format Bypass Pin Program or Control Latch Enable 7 LRCK 8 Data Out NOTES: (1) C 1 and C 2 : A 1µF capacitor gives 5.3Hz (τ = 1µF * 3kΩ) cut-off frequency for input HPF in normal operation and requires power-on setting time of 6ms at power up. (2) C 3 and C 4 : Bypass capacitor.1µf ceramic and 1µF tantalum or aluminum electrolytic, depending on layout and power supply. (3) C 5 and C 6 : 4.7µF tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitor. FIGURE 8. Typical Circuit Connection. 13 PCM181