QoE-Aware Multimedia Content Delivery Over Next-Generation Networks M. Oğuz Sunay July 9, 2013 Second Romeo Workshop PAGE: 1 M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Romeo High-quality stereoscopic 3D content is to be broadcast End point peers may also serve mobile devices Supplementary 3D multiview content to be distributed via a tree-based P2P All remote users to be synchronized for the delivery of 3D video. Both DVB and IP networks to serve all collaborating users at the same time PAGE: 2
Outline Demand for Multimedia Multimedia Content Delivery SC / CDN / P2P / Hybrid Economics of Multimedia Delivery Establishing a Price & Corresponding Service Profit Localization The ALTO Protocol Network Evolution & Multimedia Software-Defined Networking (SDN) Wireless Networks and QoE Interplay of Resource Allocation & QoE Conclusions PAGE: 3
Demand for Multimedia PAGE: 4
The Zettabyte Era Annual global IP traffic will reach the zettabyte threshold by the end of 2015. By 2017, it will be 1.4 zettabytes. Cisco, The Zettabyte Era - Trends and Analysis, White Paper, May 29, 2013 PAGE: 5
What is a Zettabyte? PAGE: 6
What is a Zettabyte? 1 zettabyte amounts to 36,000,000 years of HD video This is the equivalent of the entire Netflix catalog 3,177,000 times. PAGE: 7
Internet Today PAGE: 8
By 2015... PAGE: 9
What Type of Video? PAGE: 10
How Will We Get Our Video? PAGE: 11
Multimedia Delivery over the Network PAGE: 12
Client-Server versus P2P PAGE: 13
Content-Delivery Networks PAGE: 14
CDN Issues How to select a server for a client? DNS redirection Application level redirection How to distribute content amongst servers? Popular content Rarely accessed content PAGE: 15
CDN Issues Factors for server selection: RTT Load Balancing Diurnal effects Variations across DNS servers Limited availability of rarely accessed content PAGE: 16
YouTube CDN Torres et.al. Dissecting Video Server Selection Strategies in the YouTube CDN, 2009. PAGE: 17
CDN + P2P PAGE: 18
Network Economics PAGE: 19
Economics of Networks Jean Walrand - in Performance Modeling & Engineering, Liu & Xia (eds.), Springer, 2008 PAGE: 20
Economics of Networking Finding the Most Profitable Delivery Framework for Streaming Video Profit = Revenue - Cost Cost Reduction Profit Maximization Revenue is dependent on clients willingness to pay for the service. This in turn establishes a price for the service. The lower the QoE the less the clients are willing to pay. Increasing QoE requires increasing the cost PAGE: 21
Economics of Networking Finding the Most Profitable Delivery Framework for Streaming Video Consider the following: Video broadcast/multicast service Cost of serving a client is linear in the number of clients In P2P, we allow %100 assistance ratio Two price models: Pay upfront, Pay when you start watching Fixed price: Same price for all clients PAGE: 22
Economics of Networking Finding the Most Profitable Delivery Framework for Streaming Video QoE Parameter: Pre-Roll Delay Macroeconomic theory states that the price of a service decreases with increasing delivery time delay from the present time. The impact of this decrease is compounded with delay time PAGE: 23
Economics of Networking Finding the Most Profitable Delivery Framework for Streaming Video CDN Profit P2P Stringent QoE requirements QoE Tolerance Non-Stringent QoE requirements Altan & Sunay, Profit Optimizing Transmission of Streaming Multimedia Broadcast in a Peer-to-Peer Network, July 2013. PAGE: 24
Localization PAGE: 25
Problems with CDN RTT is not necessarily a good metric for server selection DNS based / Application based redirection potentially causes delays PAGE: 26
Problems with P2P Peer selection in P2P networks are network inter-connection, congestion oblivious ISP economics are not considered ISPs can not control their own networks PAGE: 27
The ALTO Protocol IETF draft - version 16 - May 20, 2013 Penned by Google, Cisco & Yale University Describes an information sharing service between ISPs and applications PAGE: 28
BitTorrent Operation HTTP GET example.torrent example.torrent Web Server apptracker register list of random peers ID1 169.237.234.1:6881 ID2 190.50.34.6:5692 ID3 34.275.89.143:4545 ID50 231.456.31.95:6882 User (peer) Peer 40 Peer 2 Peer 1 PAGE: 29
BitTorrent with ALTO (3) Calculate costs ALTO server (2) ALTO Information Request (4) ALTO Information Reply apptracker (ALTO client) (5) Generate list (6) Send ranked list (1) Request peer list Peer (7) Request partnership from first peer in the list PAGE: 30
Issues with ALTO Scalability & Computational Load versus Performance PID: Network Location Identifier How to establish costs? Distance Based (# of hops) Delay Based Policy Based Hybrid PAGE: 31
ALTO Performance P2P Streaming Video Service Kırkgül, Kökten & Sunay, A P2P Real-Time Video Streaming Framework Using the ALTO Protocol, April 2012. PAGE: 32
ALTO Performance Scalable H264 Video QoE PAGE: 33
ALTO Performance Scalable H264 Video QoE PAGE: 34
ALTO Performance Inter-ISP Traffic PAGE: 35
End-to-End QoE Management: Software-Defined Networking PAGE: 36
SDN Feature Feature Network OS Feature Feature OS Feature Feature Custom Hardware OS Feature Feature Custom Hardware OS Feature Feature Custom Hardware Feature OS Feature OS Custom Hardware Custom Hardware Nick McKeown, Stanford University - 2012 PAGE: 37
SDN Operation SDN Controller PAGE: 38
QoE-Aware SDN Video Multicast Service over SDN Noghani & Sunay, An SDN-Based Multiple-Description Coded Video Multicast Service Framework, July 2013. PAGE: 39
QoE-Aware SDN Video Multicast Service over SDN PAGE: 40
QoE Aware 3G/LTE PAGE: 41
Femtocells PAGE: 42
Femtocells Mungan & Sunay, Advantages of Application-Based Scheduling for Indoor Femtocells, October 2011. PAGE: 43
QoE-Aware Scheduler for a Femtocell QoE Performance Skype tivibu PAGE: 44
QoE-Aware Scheduler for a Femtocell QoE Performance Digiturk Web Browsing Download PAGE: 45
Conclusions Internet traffic is exploding. Video has become the killer application. Video delivery architecture must not only be technically but also economically feasible. PAGE: 46
Conclusions For acceptable QoE the following are important: location of content serving peer/server link quality PAGE: 47
Conclusions Communication between the application and the network layers is important SDN also enables end-to-end route optimization For wireless links, QoE-aware resource allocation is crucial. PAGE: 48