DISSECTING VIDEO SERVER SELECTION STRATEGIES IN THE CDN [ICDCS 2011]
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1 DISSECTING VIDEO SERVER SELECTION STRATEGIES IN THE CDN [ICDCS 2011] Alessandro Finamore Marco Mellia Maurizio Munafò Ruben Torres Sanjay Rao 2nd TMA PhD School
2 Objectives 1 YouTube is the most popular video download system on the Internet More than 13 million hours of video were uploaded during hours of video are uploaded every minute ISP1 YouTube CDN ISP2 We focus on the YouTube CDN after the Google acquisition: 1. Which factors affect the data center selection strategy? 2. How these factors affect the user QoE? Data Center
3 Time YouTube ABC 2 User browser Local DNS Authoritative YouTube DNS Load home page & Search for a video Give me videoid v6.lscache4.c.youtube.com YouTube web server videoid : video unique identifier v6.lscache4.c.youtube.com: Video server name responsible for videoid v6.lscache4.c.youtube.com Give me videoid Video download Local DNS Videos server Authoritative YouTube DNS
4 Time YouTube ABC 2 User browser Load home page & Search for a video Local DNS The video download is more complex than a single query/answer interaction Authoritative YouTube DNS YouTube web server videoid : video unique identifier Each download involves o Video Give Server me videoidwhere are located? v6.lscache4.c.youtube.com o DNS How the server name are translated? Each download is performed in Local one DNS or multiple flows v6.lscache4.c.youtube.com o Need Authoritative to aggregate all the flows related to the same YouTube DNS download Give me videoid Video download v6.lscache4.c.youtube.com: Video server name responsible for videoid Videos server
5 Datasets 3 Traffic classification using DPI to inspect the HTTP messages Statistics for both per-flow (#bytes, #pkts...) and per-video (video duration, video bytes, resolution...) Week-long syncronous collections (September 2010) 5 probes spread in 2 continents (Europe and US) 3 access technologies (ADSL, Fiber-To-The-Home, Ethernet) different users (operational and campus network)
6 Methodology 4 Geolocalization of the video server using CBG [ToN 2007] Aggregating IPs in /24 Definition of video sessions, aggregating flows Downloading the same video Interleaved by less than T sec Small values of T better capture system actions High values of T better capture user actions
7 Preferred Data Center 5 All the PoP are served by a preferred data center which is close to the users Squares correspond to different DCs contacted preferred DC
8 Preferred Data Center 5 All the PoP are served by a preferred data center which is close to the users Squares correspond to different DCs contacted preferred DC EU2-ADSL has video servers inside the PoP but they cannot process all the requests
9 6 Application-Layer redirections in Flash Crowd scenario Considering a very popular video (>1000 download) in EU1-ADSL dataset Most of the requests are in a single day (possibly is the video of the day ) The requests hit the preferred DC first, possibly overloading it
10 Application-Layer Redirections 7 Redirections affect more than 10% of the download
11 Impact of Application-Layer Redirections on QoE 8 We define the Startup latency time between the first video request and the first video pkt In this metric is NOT captured the initial buffering! The higher is the number of redirections, the longer is the delay
12 Conclusions 9 We have dissected the redirection mechanisms in YouTube: Most requests are served by the preferred DC Some requests go to a non-preferred DC: Load balancing DNS server queried Flash crowds due to popular video User performance can be impacted by the YouTube infrastructure decision More information in Dissecting Video Server Selection Strategies in the YouTube CDN [ICDCS 2011] YouTube Everywhere: Impact of Device and Infrastructure Synergies on User Experience [submitted to IMC 2011]
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