Chapter 18a - Qal Imperative introduction

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Chapter 18a - Qal Imperative introduction Volitional Conjugations The term volitional describes those conjugations used, as a general rule, to express some type of command, wish or desire. Imperative 2nd person volitional conjugation Cohortative 1st person volitional conjugation Jussive 3rd person volitional conjugation

Chapter 18b - Qal Imperative strong verb paradigm Imperative Sufformative Translation קט ל (you) kill! 2fs קט ל י ל י (you) kill! 2mp קט לוּ בוּ (you) kill! 2fp קט. ל נ ה בנ ה (you) kill! Imperfect Subtract Imperative Form Preformative Form קט ל תּ קט ל תּ קט ל קט ל י תּ קט ל י תּ קט ל י 2fs קט לוּ תּ קט לוּ תּ קט לוּ 2mp קט. ל נ ה תּ קט. ל נ ה תּ קט. ל נ ה 2fp

Chapter 18c - Qal Imperative lengthened imperative Lexical Regular Lengthened Form Imperative Imperative Translation kill! you () ק ט ל ה קט ל ק ט ל observe! you () שׁ מ ר ה שׁ מ ר שׁ מ ר judge! you () שׁ פ ט ה שׁ פ ט שׁ פ ט listen! you () שׁ מ ע ה שׁ מ ע שׁ מ ע The vowel in the first syllable of a lengthened Imperative like ק ט ל ה is Qamets Hatuf שׁ מ ע ה It may also appear with Hireq as in

Chapter 18d - Qal Imperative נ א the particle Imperatives (along with the other volitional conjugations) may be followed by the particle נ א which can be translated as please or simply left untranslated. שׁ מ ר נ א שׁ מ ר נ א observe! or please observe!

Chapter 18e - Qal Imperative weak verbs: part 1 I-Guttural II-Guttural תּ ח ז ק ח ז ק תּ ב ח ר בּ ח ר 2fs תּ ח ז קי ח ז קי תּ ב ח רי בּ ח רי 2mp תּ ח ז קוּ ח ז קוּ תּ ב ח רוּ בּ ח רוּ 2fp תּ ח ז. קנ ה ח ז. קנ ה בּ ח. רנ ה תּ ב ח. רנ ה א- I Type 1 א- I Type 2 תּ א ס ר א ס ר תּ אמ ר א מ ר 2fs תּ א ס רי א ס רי תּ אמ רי א מ רי 2mp תּ א ס רוּ א ס רוּ תּ אמ רוּ א מ רוּ 2fp תּ א ס. רנ ה א ס. רנ ה א מ. רנ ה תּ אמ. רנ ה א- III ע/ח- III תּ שׁ ל ח שׁ ל ח תּ מ צ א מ צ א 2fs תּ שׁ ל ח י שׁ ל ח י תּ מ צ א י מ צ א י 2mp תּ שׁ ל חוּ שׁ ל חוּ תּ מ צ אוּ מ צ אוּ 2fp תּ שׁ ל. ח נ ה שׁ ל.ח נ ה מ צ.אנ ה תּ מ צ. אנ ה

Chapter 18f - Qal Imperative weak verbs: part 2 ה- III Geminate תּ ב נ ה בּ נ ה תּ ס ב ס ב 2fs תּ ב נ י בּ נ י תּ ס.בּ י ס.בּ י 2mp תּ ב נוּ בּ נוּ תּ ס. בּוּ ס. בּוּ 2fp תּ ב נ <ינ ה בּ נ <ינ ה תּ ס בּ. ינ ה ס. ב נ ה נ- I Type 1 נ- I Type 2 תּ פּ ל נ פ ל תּ סּ ע ס ע 2fs תּ פּ ל י נ פ ל י תּ ס ע י ס ע י 2mp תּ פּ לוּ נ פ לוּ תּ ס עוּ ס עוּ 2fp תּ פּ.ל נ ה נ פ.ל נ ה תּ סּ. ע נ ה ס.ע נ ה י- I Type 1 י- I Type 2 תּ שׁ ב שׁ ב תּ י רשׁ רשׁ 2fs תּ שׁ ב י שׁ ב י תּ י רשׁ י רשׁ י 2mp תּ שׁ בוּ שׁ בוּ תּ י רשׁוּ רשׁוּ 2fp תּ שׁ.ב נ ה שׁ.ב נ ה תּ י ר.שׁ נ ה ר.שׁ נ ה

Chapter 18g - Qal Imperative biconsonantal verbs שׂ ים קוּם תּ קוּם קוּם תּ שׂ ים שׂ ים 2fs תּ ק.וּמ י ק.וּמ י תּ שׂ. ימ י שׂ. ימ י 2mp תּ ק.וּמוּ ק.וּמוּ תּ שׂ. ימוּ שׂ. ימוּ 2fp תּ קוּמ.ינ ה ק.מ נ ה תּ שׂ ימ. ינ ה בּוֹא תּ בוֹא בּוֹא 2fs תּ ב.וֹא י בּ.וֹא י 2mp תּ ב.וֹאוּ בּ.וֹאוּ 2fp תּ ב.וֹאנ ה

Chapter 18h - Qal Imperative irregular/doubly weak verbs take) (to ל קח give) (to נ ת ן תּ תּ ן תּ ן תּ ק ח קח 2fs תּ תּ נ י תּ נ י תּ קח י קח י 2mp תּ תּ נוּ תּ נוּ תּ קחוּ קחוּ 2fp תּ תּ.נּ ה תּ. נּ ה תּ קּ. ח נ ה ק.ח נ ה be) (to ה י ה walk) (to ה ל ך תּ ל ך ל ך תּ ה י ה ה י ה 2fs תּ ל כ י ל כ י תּ ה י י 2mp תּ ל כוּ ל כוּ תּ ה יוּ ה יוּ 2fp תּ ל. כ נ ה ל. כ נ ה תּ ה י <ינ ה extend) (to נ ט ה up) (to go ע ל ה תּ ע ל ה ע ל ה תּ טּ ה נ ט ה 2fs תּ ע ל י ע ל י תּ טּ י נ ט י 2mp תּ ע לוּ ע לוּ תּ טּוּ נ טוּ 2fp תּ ע ל.ינ ה ע ל.ינ ה תּ טּ.ינ ה נ ט.ינ ה

Chapter 18i - Qal Cohortative the basics The Cohortative occurs only in the first person, singular and plural. It is constructed by adding Imperfect. to a first person form of the ב ה This final ב ה is the diagnostic indicator of the Cohortative conjugation. Imperfect Cohortative א קט ל ה = ב ה + א קט ל נ קט ל ה = ב ה + נ קט ל law. May I observe your א שׁ מ ר ה תּוֹ רת ך Let me observe your law. covenant. Let us make (cut) a נ כ רת ה ב רית May we make (cut) a covenant.

Chapter 18j - Qal Jussive the basics The Jussive conjugation occurs primarily in the third person, singular and plural. With strong verbs, the form of the Jussive is the same as its corresponding Imperfect form. For example, י כ תּ ב may be translated as either he will write or let him write. The presence of the particle נ א will suggest the Jussive translation. י ז כּ ר נ א ה מּ ל ך א ת י הו ה Let the king remember Yahweh. (2 Sam 14:11) י שׁ פּ ט י הו ה בּ ינ י וּב ינ י ך May Yahweh judge between me and between you. (Gen 16:5) י ס ל ח י הו ה ל ע ב ד ך May Yahweh forgive your servant. (2 Kgs 5:18)

Chapter 18k - Qal Jussive short forms Short jussive forms occur only in the singular and only with selected types of weak verbs, especially ה- III weak verbs. Perfect Imperfect Jussive (short) he built בּ נ ה he will build י ב נ ה <ב ן he made ע שׂ ה he will make י ע שׂ ה <ע שׂ he went up ע ל ה he will go up י ע ל ה <ע ל he saw רא ה he will see י רא ה let him see י< רא let him build י let him make י let him go up י ו י ב ן א ת בּ ית י הו ה And let him build the house of Yahweh (Ezra 1:3). ו יּ אמ ר א לה ים י ה י אוֹר And God said, let there be light (Gen 1:3).

Chapter 18l - Qal Jussive and Cohortative negation.א ל Jussive and Cohortative verbs are negated with This construction expresses a negative wish or a mild- לא er form of prohibition than that expressed by plus the Imperfect. The particle נ א is sometimes attached to א ל with Maqqef.(א ל נ א) In most instances,.נ א you do not need to translate the particle א ל נ א נ אב ד ה Do not let us perish. (Jonah 1:14) ו א ל י ח ר א פּ ך בּ ע ב ד ך Do not let your anger burn against your servant. (Gen 44:18)

Chapter 18m - Qal Imperative, Cohortative and Jussive verbal sequences 1. Multiple Imperative verbs may occur in succession. Context will determine whether or not they are related consequentially or sequentially. ע ל ה וּ קב ר א ת א ב י ך Go up and bury your father (Gen 50:6). 2. An Imperative verb may be followed by a Perfect verb with Waw Conversive. The Perfect verb may carry the full force of the preceding Imperative. ל ך ו א מ רתּ א ל ע ב ד י Go and say to my servant (2 Sam 7:5). 3. An Imperative may be followed by an Imperfect or Cohortative, a construction that will create a purpose or result clause. The Imperfect will be marked with the conjunction ו and is translated as so that. רדוּ שׁ מּ ה ו שׁ ב רוּ ל נוּ מ שּׁ ם ו נ ח י ה Go down there and buy grain for us from there so that we might live (Gen 42:2).