Implementation and Upgrade Guide

Gary Nolan and Debasish Khaitan Efficient SAP NetWeavef BW Implementation and Upgrade Guide Galileo Press Bonn Boston

Acknowledgments 21 Introduction 23 &/ f ^"ASIBttiBB^iXiS 1.1 SAP ECC vs. SAP NetWeaver BW Implementations 28 1.2 Difference Between OLTP and OLAP Systems 28 1.3 SAP NetWeaver BW from A to Z 29 1.3.1 Extraction 30 1.3.2 Staging and Storage 31 1.3.3 Transformation and Harmonization 32 1.3.4 Presentation 34 1.4 External Data: What is the Big Deal? 35 1.5 Build for the Present, Keep an Eye on the Future 36 1.6 Dirty Data 38 1.7 Can't SAP NetWeaver BW Just Clean the Data? 39 1.8 Understanding SAP NetWeaver BW 40 1.9 Reasons for implementing SAP NetWeaver BW 40 1.9.1 Analytical System Access from the Transactional (SAP ECC) System 41 1.9.2 Transition to a Single Version of the Truth 43 1.9.3 Consolidation, Harmonization, and Centralization of Information 45 1.9.4 Establish an EDW 47 1.9.5 Competitive Advantage 49 1.9.6 Provide Flexible Analysis of Information Assets 49 1.9.7 Business Information to More People in the Organization 49 1.9.8 The Report is Not the Only Output of SAP NetWeaverBW Implementations 51 1.10 Why Not Another Data Warehouse? 51 1.10.1 Data Extraction From ECC is Much Easier with SAP NetWeaver BW 51 1.10.2 SAP NetWeaver BW Has Pre-configured Business Content Objects 52 7

... 1.10.3 SAP NetWeaver BW is Already Part of the Landscape 53 1.10.4 SAP NetWeaver BW is the Foundation for Most SAP NetWeaver Products 53 1.11 What SAP NetWeaver BW is Not Designed to Do 54 1.11.1 SAP NetWeaver BW is Not a Transactional System 54 1.11.2 SAP NetWeaver BW is Not the Only Reporting System 56 1.11.3 SAP NetWeaver BW is Not Usuaily Updated in Real Time 56 1.11.4 BW is Not a Silver Bullet 57 1.12 SAP BusinessObjects Capabilities 58 1.13 Ingredients for a Successful SAP NetWeaver BW Project Manager 59 1.13.1 Cood Communication Skills 60 1.13.2 Knowledge of SAP NetWeaver BW and Data Warehousing 61 1.13.3 Knowfedge of Business Processes and Ana/ysfs Goa/s 63 1.13.4 The Need for Political Savvy 64 1.13.5 Highly Organized and Quality Minded 65 1.13.6 Willing and Able to Develop and Enforce Standards 65 1.13.7 Team Building 66 1.13.8 Budget Accountability 67 1.13.9 Willing to Say Both "Yes" and "No" 67 1.14 Conclusion 68 IlllöiJ 2.1 Defining an Upgrade Strategy 71 2.2 SAP NetWeaver BW Implementation Approach 72 2.3 SAP NetWeaver BW Hardware Sizing 73 2.4 Landscape Strategy 74 2.4.1 Insist on a Sand box System 75 2.4.2 Think About the Training Environment 78 2.4.3 Adding a Production Support System 80 2.4.4 Keep Development, QA, Production Environments in Sync 81 2.4.5 Assess New Phases of Development 82 2.5 Upgrade Landscape 86 2.6 Transport Strategy 86 8

2.6.1 Develop and Communicate the Transport Path 88 2.6.2 Implement Transport Approval Process from the Beginning 90 2.6.3 Make Sure Each Developer Locks Objects 90 2.6.4 Transport Steward Process 91 2.6.5 Keep athorough Log of Transports 92 2.6.6 Develop a Process for Troubleshooting Failed Transports 92 2.6.7 Some Objects will be Changeable 94 2.6.8 Transport Organizer Tool 96 2.7 New Release Rollout Strategy Challenges 97 2.7.1 Timingof SAP NetWeaver BW Rollout 98 2.7.2 Rollout Scope 98 2.8 Upgrade Rollout Strategy 99 2.8.1 Timing 99 2.8.2 Features and Functionality 99 2.8.3 Upgrade Testing Strategy 100 2.8.4 Upgrade Change Management Strategy 100 2.9 Database Strategy 100 2.10 EDW and Global Rollup Strategies 101 2.11 Report Strategy 104 2.11.1 Query Strategy 104 2.11.2 Visual Composer 107 2.11.3 Web Template Strategy 108 2.11.4 SAP BusinessObjects Strategy 109 2.12 Support Package Strategy 109 2.12.1 Recommendation 110 2.12.2 Front-End 111 Support Packages 2.13 Authorization Strategy 112 2.13.1 SAP NetWeaver BW Security 112 2.13.2 Authorizations for Upgrade to NW 2004s 113 2.14 Conclusion 114 3.1 Unclear Definition of Goals and Scope 115 3.1.1 Develop Clear Project Scope Documentation 115 3.1.2 Establish Milestones 117 9

3.1.3 Avoid Scope Creep 118 3.1.4 Establish a Scope Change Control Process 119 3.1.5 Take Advantage of Existing Legacy Systems 119 3.2 Over-Ambitious Scope 120 3.2.1 Start Small 120 3.2.2 Be Wary of Implementing SAP NetWeaver BW at 124... the Same Time as SAP ECC or SAP R/3 121 3.3 UnrealisticTime Line 123 3.3.1 Don't Forget the Time for Documentation and Training 3.4 Governance 126 3.5 Communication Issues 129 3.5.1 Insist on Weekly Status Reports 130 3.5.2 Encourage Informal Discussion 130 3.5.3 Locate Centrally 130 3.5.4 Centralize Issues List and Use It 130 3.6 Ownership Issues 131 3.6.1 Insist on Signoff of Documents 132 3.6.2 Have the Power Users Develop the SAP NetWeaver BW Queries 132 3.7 Data Quality Issues 133 3.7.1 Don't Completely Rely on the Source Systems to Ensure Data Quality 135 3.7.2 Establish Active Governance of Data 136 3.7.3 Don't Keep Data Mismatch Issues Open for Long Time... 136 3.7.4 Leverage the SAP BusinessObjects Data Services Tool 137 3.7.5 Turn to a Third-Party to Help with Validation 138 3.8 Data Alignment Issues 139 3.8.1 Master Data Alignment 139 3.8.2 Transactional Data Alignment 142 3.9 Data Realignment 143 3.9.1 Realignment Without Reload-Is It Possible? 144 3.9.2 Remodeling Toolbox 145 3.10 Performance Issues 147 3.10.1 Establish Clear Goals for Performance 147 3.10.2 Measure Against the Performance Goals via Stat/stics InfoCubes 150 3.10.3 Establish a Performance Sub-Team 150 3.10.4 Keep Up-to-Date on Support Packages 151 3.10.5 Data Model for Performance 151 3.11 Technical and Infrastructure Issues 153 10

3.12 Resource Issues 155 3.12.1 Insist onthe Best, Not Just the Most Available 155 3.12.2 The Consultant-Heavy Project 156 3.12.3 Insist on Interviewing All Candidates 157 3.12.4 Transition Out Bad Consultants 157 3.12.5 Avoid Conflict Between Consulting Partners, SAP, and Others 158 3.12.6 SAP R/3 or SAP ECC Basis Experience is Not SAP NetWeaver BW Experience 159 3.12.7 Keep the Project Team Physically Together 159 3.13 Political Issues 160 3.14 Over-Customization 160 3.14.1 Determine If the Customization Can Take Place Outside of SAP NetWeaver BW 161 3.14.2 Develop a "Why not SAP?" Approach 162 3.14.3 Know Where Many SAP NetWeaver BW Projects Use Third-Party Tools 162 3.14.4 Validation Tools 166 3.15 Meeting and Decision Paralysis 167 3.15.1 Slow Decision Making 167 3.15.2 The Lonely SAP NetWeaver BW Team 167 3.15.3 The Populär SAP NetWeaver BW Team 168 3.15.4 What Can be Done? 168 3.16 Change Control and Change Management 169 3.16.1 Change Control 170 3.17 Analyze Organization User Groups Using Different Reporting Tools 173 3.18 Conclusion 174 4.1 The Data Warehouse Lifecycle 178 4.2 The Upgrade Lifecycle 180 4.2.1 What's New in NW 2004s SAP NetWeaver BW System? 181 4.2.2 Upgrading on the Existing SAP NetWeaver BW Landscape 183 4.2.3 Dedicated Upgrade Landscape 184 4.2.4 Production Support Düring Upgrade Testing 186 11

4.2.5 Obsolete Queries 186 4.2.6 Upgrade 4.2.7 How Long Cutover 187 Will This Take? 188 4.2.8 When Should I Upgrade? 190 4.3 Project Charter 191 4.4 Detail Scope Documentation 192 4.4.1 What Is a Stakeholder? 192 4.4.2 Stakeholder Document 193 4.4.3 Communication Plan Document 193 4.4.4 Integrated Project Plan 193 4.4.5 Naming Standards Document 194 4.4.6 SAP NetWeaver BW Development Standards Document 195 4.4.7 Other Documents 196 4.5 Planning for Information Lifecycle Management 196 4.6 Typical Roles Needed for an SAP NetWeaver BW Project 197 4.6.1 SAP NetWeaver BW Project Manager 198 4.6.2 SAP NetWeaver BW Business Subject Matter Expert 199 4.6.3 SAP NetWeaver BW Data Architect 200 4.6.4 SAP NetWeaver BW Applications Developer 202 4.6.5 SAP NetWeaver BW Presentation Developer 203 4.6.6 SAP NetWeaver BW Basis Developer 204 4.6.7 ABAP Developer 205 4.6.8 SAP Portal Consultant 206 4.7 Staffing a SAP NetWeaver BW Project 207 4.7.1 Small SAP NetWeaver BW Project 208 4.7.2 Medium-Sized SAP NetWeaver BW Project 210 4.7.3 Large SAP NetWeaver BW Project 211 4.7.4 Large Global SAP NetWeaver BW Project 213 4.8 Outsourcing and SAP NetWeaver BW 215 4.8.1 When Does Outsourcing Work? 217 4.9 SAP NetWeaver BW Interview Process 217 4.10 Training Requirements 222 4.11 Conclusion 223 5.1 Requirements Gathering 226 5.1.1 Interviews 227 12

5.1.2 Is All Data in SAP ECC or SAP R/3 or in Multiple Systems? 229 5.1.3 Is Intra-Day or Real-Time Reporting Needed? 229 5.1.4 What Else Do You Know About the Requirement? 230 5.2 Information Request Form 232 5.3 Gathering a Report Inventory 232 5.4 Functional Model Document 234 5.4.1 How Many Functional Model Documents are Needed?... 236 5.4.2 Sections of the Functional Model Document 237 5.5 SAP NetWeaver BW Key Figure or KPI Matrix 243 5.6 Steps to Obtain SAP NetWeaver BW Star Schema Model from the KPI Matrix 244 5.6.1 Step 1: Determine Business Subjects 244 5.6.2 Step 2: Assign Business Subjects to Key Figure 245 5.6.3 Step 3: Determine Strang Entities and Granularity 245 5.6.4 Step 4 Join Similar Key Figures 245 5.7 Budgeting or Estimating SAP NetWeaver BW Time Lines 246 5.8 SAP NetWeaver BW Physical Model 252 5.9 Business Content Evaluation 255 5.9.1 Key Figure (Top Down) Approach 255 5.9.2 Data Source (Bottom Up) Approach 256 5.9.3 Business Content as a LearningTool 256 5.9.4 Evaluating Business Content for Your Needs 258 5.9.5 Using a Subset of the Business Content 261 5.10 Design Reviews 261 5.10.1 Functional Model Review 262 5.10.2 Conceptual and Physical Model Review 263 5.10.3 Data Model and System Review 263 5.10.4 Final Check 263 5.11 Conclusion 264 6.1 Extracting and Loading Data from SAP Source Systems 266 6.1.1 Service API DataSources 267 6.1.2 Generated DataSources 270 6.1.3 Generic DataSources 270 6.1.4 Custom ABAP DataSources 272 13

6.1.5 Filling In Missing Data in Extractions 272 6.1.6 Testingthe DataSources 275 6.2 Loading Data from Non-SAP Source Systems 276 6.2.1 Fiat File Interfaces 276 6.2.2 DBConnect 278 6.2.3 UDConnect 280 6.2.4 XML Interfaces 280 6.2.5 ETL Interfaces 281 6.3 Extracting Data From the SAP NetWeaver BW System 281 6.4 Loading and Transforming Data into SAP NetWeaver BW 283 6.4.1 Transformation and Mapping of Data in SAP NetWeaver BW Version 3.x 284 6.4.2 Transformation and Mapping of Data in NW 2004s 288 6.4.3 Start Routines 289 6.4.4 End Routines 290 6.4.5 Expert Routines 291 6.4.6 ImplementingTransformations 291 6.4.7 Auditing Transformations for Efficiency 292 6.4.8 Converting from Version 3.x to NW 2004s Transformations 292 6.4.9 InfoSource 295 6.5 Appending or Changing Standard SAP NetWeaver BW Objects... 296 6.6 DataModeling 297 6.6.1 Loading into an DSO or ODS 297 6.6.2 Create a Consolidation Layer for Data 298 6.6.3 Extract Once, Use Many Times 299 6.6.4 Write Optimized DSO 300 6.6.5 Use the Right Object for the Job 301 6.7 Designing Process Chains 303 6.8 Issue Resolution and Issue Tracking 303 6.8.1 Reporting Issues via SAP's Service Marketplace 304 6.8.2 Response Delays 304 6.9 Query Performance Analysis in SAP NetWeaver BW 305 6.9.1 Data Model Does Not Fit the Data Volume 305 6.9.2 Poor Query Definition 306 6.9.3 Lack of Aggregates 307 6.9.4 OLAP Cache 309 6.9.5 Partitioning Not Set 313 6.9.6 Database Statistics Not Up-to-Date 314 14

6.9.7 Virtual Characteristics and Key Figures 314 6.9.8 Time-Dependent 6.9.9 Complex Master Data 315 Authorizations 317 6.9.10 NW 2004s Bl Accelerator 318 6.10 Conclusion 318 7.1 Data Model and System Review 322 7.2 Documenting SAP NetWeaver BW Configuration 324 7.2.1 SAP NetWeaver BW Functional Model Document 324 7.2.2 DataStore Object/Operational Data Store (DSO/ODS) Technical Design Document 324 7.2.3 InfoCube Technical Design Document 325 7.2.4 Extraction, Transformation, and Loading (ETL) Technical Design Document 325 7.2.5 The MetaData Repository 326 7.3 SAP NetWeaver BW Document Management Tool 328 7.4 SAP Solution Manager 329 7.5 Transport Management in SAP NetWeaver BW 330 7.5.1 SAP NetWeaver BW Transport Management System Tips 332 7.5.2 General SAP NetWeaver BW Transport Tips 333 7.5.3 Separate SAP NetWeaver BW Transports into Logical Groups 333 7.5.4 Keep Careful Watch of Transports Take Good Notes 335 7.5.5 Never Leave a Transport Behind 335 7.5.6 Final Cutover Recapture of Transports 336 7.5.7 The Mock Cutover 337 7.6 Testing in SAP NetWeaver BW 337 7.6.1 Develop at SAP NetWeaver BW Test Plan 337 7.6.2 Developing Test Scripts for SAP NetWeaver BW 338 7.6.3 Automated Testing Tools 340 7.7 Organizational Change Management 341 7.7.1 Training 341 7.7.2 A Separate Training System 341 7.7.3 Do I Really Need Hands-On Training? 342 7.7.4 Training Budget 342 15

DMAIC Contents 7.8 Cutover Planning 343 7.9 Go-Live Checklist 345 7.10 Run Initial Loads in SAP NetWeaver BW 347 7.10.1 Create and Schedule Process Chains in SAP NetWeaver BW 348 7.10.2 Schedule SAP ECC Jobs 350 7.10.3 Portals and SAP NetWeaver BW 352 7.10.4 Developing a Portal Strategy 353 7.11 SAP Safeguarding Service for SAP NetWeaver BW Go-Live 356 7.12 Conclusion 356 8.1 Post-Implementation Review 357 8.2 Building a Production Support Center of Excellence (COE) 358 8.3 Transitioning from SAP NetWeaver BW Development to Production-Support COE 360 8.3.1 Transition the Knowledge 360 8.3.2 Determine Measurement Criteria 361 8.4 Ongoing SAP NetWeaver BW Reconciliation and Validation 365 8.4.1 Develop a Reconciliation Strategy 365 8.4.2 Reconciling the Data to SAP ECC or SAP R/3 367 8.4.3 Reconciling Data to External Systems 369 8.5 Periodic Jobs to Run in an SAP NetWeaver BW Environment 369 8.6 Develop an Ongoing SAP NetWeaver BW Support Package Strategy 372 8.6.1 Frontend Support Packages 374 8.6.2 Conduct a Lessons-Learned Session 375 8.7 Retaining and AAotivating Staff for Future Rollouts 377 8.8 Prepare for Future Rollouts 378 8.9 Conclusion 378 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H 9.1 Introduction to Six Sigma 379 9.1.1 History 379 9.1.2 Definition 379 9.1.3 Six Sigma Methodology - 380 16

Supplier Fishbone Contents 9.1.4 Six Sigma Terminologies 380 9.1.5 Basic Statistics 383 9.2 Reasons to Implement Six Sigma in an SAP NetWeaver BW Project 386 9.2.1 Six Sigma is a Pro-Active Approach 386 9.2.2 Talking in Customer's Language 386 9.2.3 High level of Correctness 386 9.2.4 Happy Strategie Users A Foundation for New Business Opportunities 386 9.3 Phase 1: Define 387 9.3.1 Voice of Customer and Voice of Business 387 9.3.2 Critical to Quality (CTQ) 387 9.3.3 CTQTree 388 9.3.4 Project Charter 388 9.4 Phase 2: Measure 390 9.4.1 SIPOC - 9.4.2 Analyze Process Input Process Output Customer 390 Diagram 392 9.4.3 Cause and Impact Analysis 392 9.5 Phase 3: Analyze 393 9.5.1 Pie Chart 393 9.5.2 Bar Charts 393 9.5.3 Pareto Chart 394 9.5.4 Histogram and Box Plots 395 9.5.5 Conclusion of Analyze Phase 397 9.6 Phase 4: Improve 398 9.6.1 BrainWriting 398 9.6.2 Brain Storming 398 9.6.3 Select and Implement Ideas 399 9.7 Conclusion 399 10.1 SAP + BusinessObjects 401 10.2 SAP NetWeaver BW Presentation Layer 402 10.2.1 SAP NetWeaver BW Standard BEx Reporting 403 10.2.2 Reporting with SAP BusinessObjects 403 10.3 SAP BusinessObjects Installation Guides 405 17

10.3.1 SAP BusinessObjects Enterprise Server Installation 406 10.3.2 SAP BusinessObjects Client Installation 406 10.4 OLAP Universe Design Based on SAP SAP NetWeaver BW 407 10.4.1 Creating OLAP Universe Based on SAP NetWeaver BWQueries 408 10.4.2 Setting OLAP Universe Generation Options 411 10.4.3 Customizing OLAP Universe 413 10.4.4 Leveraging SAP NetWeaver BW Query Variables in Universe 416 10.4.5 OLAP Universe: Best Practice and Guidelines 417 10.5 Web Intelligence Report Design on Universe 418 10.5.1 In Which Scenario Can Web Intelligence be Used? 418 10.5.2 Creating a Web Intelligence Report 418 10.5.3 Exporting Web Intelligence Report in Enterprise CMS... 420 10.5.4 Define Alert in Web Intelligence Report 420 10.5.5 Accessing Web Intelligence Reports from JnfoView 421 10.5.6 Opening and Saving Web Intelligence Report in Different Modes within InfoView 422 10.5.7 Displaying Track Changes in Web Intelligence Report 423 10.6 Query as a Web Service (QaaWS) 424 10.6.1 Starting QaaWS Tool 424 10.6.2 Steps for Creating a New QaaWS 425 10.6.3 Business Scenarios Where QaaWS is Required 426 10.6.4 Implementation Best Practice for QaaWS 427 10.7 Xcelsius 427 10.7.1 Different Types of Flavors to Suite Your Need 427 10.7.2 Creating a Simple Xcelsius Application Based on QaaWS 428 10.7.3 Xcelsius Best Practices 431 10.8 Microsoft Office Integration with Live Office 432 10.8.1 Live Office Ribbon within Microsoft Office Applications 433 10.8.2 Logging in SAP BusinessObjects Enterprise from Live Office 434 10.8.3 Inserting Crystal Reports Content in Live Office Document 434 10.8.4 fnserting Web Intelligence Content in Live Office Document 435 10.8.5 Inserting Universe Query in Live Office Document 436 18

10.9 Crystal Reports 4-37 10.9.1 Crystal Reports Connectivity Options with SAP 437 10.9.2 SAP Toolbar in Crystal Reports 438 10.9.3 General Steps to Create A Simple Report Based on SAP NetWeaver BW Query 438 10.9.4 Crystal Reports Best Practices 439 10.10 Information Discovery with Polestar 439 10.10.1 What is Information Space? 440 10.10.2 Accessing Polestar 440 10.10.3 Creating Space 440 10.10.4 Information Search Features in Polestar 442 10.10.5 Guidelines and Best Practices for Polestar 443 10.11 Pioneer: The Best ofthe Both Worlds 443 10.12 Other Tools Provided by SAP BusinessObjects 445 10.12.1 SAP BusinessObjects Data Services 445 10.12.2 SAP Business Objects Bl Widget 445 10.12.3 Voyager 446 10.12.4 SAP BusinessObjects Data Federator 446 10.12.5 SAP BusinessObjects LifeCycle Manager 446 10.13 Summary 447 Bffl^^w 11.1 Usingthis Book 449 msi 11.2 Common Issues and Challenges 450 11.3 Important Things to Remember 450 11.3.1 More Challenging than an ECC or R/3 Project 450 11.3.2 Management Commitment Needed from the Beginning 451 11.3.3 Project Management: User-Focused, Not Technology Focused 451 11.3.4 Clear Methodology Needed to Determine Requirements 451 11.3.5 Understanding Data Load Volume and Granularity 451 11.3.6 Manage Expectations for BW 452 11.3.7 Fix Bad Data at Its Source 452 11.3.8 Build a BW System, Not aseries Of Data Marts 452 19

11.3.9 When the BW System Is Live, the Solution Isn't Finished 452 11.4 Conclusion 452 A Sample Project Plan 455 B Important Checklists 473 C Document Templates 487 D Common Issues When Upgrading from SAP NetWeaver BW Version 3.x to NW 2004s 505 E Sample SAP NetWeaver BW Naming Standards Document 511 F SAP NetWeaver BW Integration Test Script 515 G Bibliography 519 H TheAuthors 521 Index 523 20