Cancer. Types of Tumors. Types of Cancer



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Cancer Cancer is caused by abnormal cells that grow quickly. It is normal for your body to replace old cells with new ones, but cancer cells grow too fast. Some cancer cells may form growths called tumors. All tumors increase in size, but some tumors grow quickly, others slowly. Types of Tumors Sometimes tumors are not cancerous. These are called benign tumors. They are made up of cells much like those of healthy tissue. This kind of tumor stays in one area and does not spread to healthy tissues and organs. Cancer tumors are also called malignant tumors. Cancer from these tumors spread through the blood and lymph systems to other parts of the body. When cancer spreads, it is called metastasis. Cancer cells travel through the body from the tumor, called the primary site, to other parts of the body. Types of Cancer There are many kinds of cancers. Carcinoma is the most common type of cancer. Lung, colon, breast and ovarian cancers are often this type of cancer. Sarcoma is found in bone, cartilage, fat and muscle. Lymphoma begins in the lymph nodes of the body s immune system. They include Hodgkin s and Non-Hodgkin s Lymphomas. Leukemia starts in the blood cells that grow in the bone marrow and are found in large numbers in the bloodstream. 1

السرطان ينشأ السرطان بفعل خاليا غير طبيعية تتميز بسرعة النمو. صحيح أنه من الطبيعي أن يقوم الجسم باستبدال الخاليا القديمة بأخرى جديدة لكن الخاليا السرطانية تنمو بسرعة كبيرة للغاية. وقد تكون بعض الخاليا السرطانية أجسام متنامية تعرف باألورام. واألورام يزداد حجمھا جميعا ولكن بعض األورام تنمو بسرعة والبعض اآلخر ينمو ببطء. أنواع األورام في بعض األحيان تكون األورام غير سرطانية وتعرف ھذه األورام باألورام الحميدة. وھي تتكون من خاليا تشبه إلى حد كبير الخاليا التي تكون األنسجة السليمة. وھذا النوع من األورام يبقى في منطقة واحدة وال يمتد إلى األنسجة واألعضاء السليمة. وتعرف األورام السرطانية أيضا باألورام الخبيثة. ويمتد السرطان الناشئ عن ھذه األورام من خالل الدم واألنظمة الليمفاوية إلى األجزاء األخرى في الجسم. وعندما ينتشر السرطان فإنه يعرف بنمو النقائل. وتنتشر الخاليا السرطانية من خالل الورم إلى الجسم - والذي يعرف بالموقع الرئيسي - إلى أجزاء الجسم األخرى. أنواع السرطانات توجد أنواع عديدة من السرطانات مثل: الكارسينوما ھو أكثر أنواع السرطان انتشارا. ويصيب ھذا النوع من السرطان في الغالب الرئة والقولون والثدي والمبيض. السركوما الذي يوجد في العظام والغضاريف والدھون والعضالت. ليمفوما الذي يبدأ في العقد الليمفاوية في جھاز المناعة بالجسم. وتشمل السرطانات الليمفاوية أورام ھودجكن وأورام الالھودجكن. اللوكيميا الذي يبدأ في خاليا الدم التي تنمو في النخاع العظمي وتوجد بأعداد كبيرة في مجرى الدم. Cancer. Arabic. 1

Signs of Cancer Signs of cancer depend on the type and location of the tumor. With some cancers, there may not be any signs until the tumor is large. Common signs include: Feeling very tired Weight loss that occurs without knowing why Fever, chills or night sweats Lack of hunger Physical discomfort or pain Coughing, shortness of breath or chest pain Diarrhea, constipation or blood in the stool When cancer is found, tests will be done to see if the cancer has spread to other parts of your body. Scans, x-rays and blood tests may be needed. Your Care Your doctor will decide what care is needed based on: The type of cancer How fast the cancer is growing Whether the cancer has spread to other parts of your body Your age and overall health The most common cancer treatments are: Surgery to remove the tumor and nearby tissue Radiation in controlled amounts to shrink or destroy the tumor and cancer cells Chemotherapy medicine to slow the growth or destroy cancer cells Other medicines to treat side effects and help you heal better 2

أعراض اإلصابة بالسرطان تتوقف أعراض اإلصابة بالسرطان على نوع ومكان الورم. وفي بعض أنواع السرطان قد ال تكون ھناك أية أعراض حتى يكبر الورم. وتتضمن األعراض العامة للسرطان: اإلحساس بالتعب الشديد فقدان الوزن دون سبب اإلصابة بالحمى وارتفاع درجة الحرارة والتعرق ليال قلة الشعور بالجوع الشعور بعدم الراحة أو األلم في الجسم السعال أو صعوبة التنفس أو الشعور بألم في الصدر اإلسھال أو اإلمساك أو نزول دم في البراز وعند اكتشاف السرطان يتم إجراء الفحوصات لمعرفة ما إذا كان السرطان قد امتد إلى أجزاء الجسم األخرى أم ال. وقد يتم اللجوء إلى استخدام التفاريس أو أشعة اكس أو عمل بعض الفحوصات في الدم. رعايتك يحدد الطبيب نوع الرعاية التي يحتاجھا المريض بناء على: نوع السرطان سرعة نمو السرطان انتشار أو عدم انتشار السرطان إلى أجزاء أخرى من الجسم عمر المريض وصحته بشكل عام ومن أكثر عالجات السرطان شيوعا : Cancer. Arabic. 2 الجراحة إلزالة الورم واألنسجة المحيطة استخدام اإلشعاع بمقادير محدودة ومراقبة لتقليص أو تدمير الورم والخاليا السرطانية العالج الكيماوي للحد من نمو الخاليا السرطانية أو تدميرھا بعض األدوية األخرى لعالج اآلثار الجانبية وتحسين حالة المريض

Prevention You can reduce your risk of cancer by: Not smoking or using tobacco. Using sunscreen, hats and clothing to protect your skin when outside. Limiting the amount of alcohol you drink. Limiting the amount of high fat foods you eat, especially from animal sources. Eating plenty of fruits, vegetables and high fiber foods. Being physically active. Seeing your doctor each year. Cancer screenings may help find cancers at their early, most treatable stages. Talk to your doctor or nurse about your cancer risks. 2005 5/2010 Health Information Translations Unless otherwise stated, user may print or download information from www.healthinfotranslations.org for personal, non-commercial use only. The medical information found on this website should not be used in place of a consultation with your doctor or other health care provider. You should always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health care provider before you start or stop any treatment or with any questions you may have about a medical condition. The Ohio State University Medical Center, Mount Carmel Health System, OhioHealth and Nationwide Children s Hospital are not responsible for injuries or damages you may incur as a result of your stopping medical treatment or your failure to obtain medical treatment. 3

الوقاية يمكن الحد من خطر اإلصابة بالسرطان عن طريق: عدم التدخين وعدم استخدام التبغ. استخدام كريمات الوقاية من الشمس والقبعات والمالبس المناسبة لحماية الجلد عند الخروج. الحد من شرب الكحوليات. الحد من تناول األطعمة التي ترتفع بھا نسبة الدھون وخاصة تلك التي تأتي من مصادر حيوانية. تناول الكثير من الفاكھة والخضروات واألطعمة التي ترتفع بھا نسبة األلياف. بذل النشاط البدني. زيارة الطبيب كل عام حيث إن إجراء الفحوصات للتأكد من عدم وجود أي نوع من السرطان يفيد في اكتشاف السرطان في مراحله المبكرة التي ينجح فيھا العالج بدرجة أكبر من غيرھا. تحدث إلى الطبيب أو الممرض/ الممرضة عن مخاطر السرطان. 2005 5/2010 Health Information Translations Unless otherwise stated, user may print or download information from www.healthinfotranslations.org for personal, non-commercial use only. The medical information found on this website should not be used in place of a consultation with your doctor or other health care provider. You should always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health care provider before you start or stop any treatment or with any questions you may have about a medical condition. The Ohio State University Medical Center, Mount Carmel Health System, OhioHealth and Nationwide Children s Hospital are not responsible for injuries or damages you may incur as a result of your stopping medical treatment or your failure to obtain medical treatment. Cancer. Arabic. 3