U.S. History II Review Notes for Parents and Students

U.S. History II Review Notes for Parents and Students Grade 6 U. S. History II 2 nd /4 th Nine Weeks, 2015-2016 1

United States History II: 1865-Present Content Review Notes: Standards of Learning in Detail Grade 6 United States History II: Second and Fourth Nine Weeks 2015-2016 April 2016 This resource is intended to be a guide for parents and students to improve content knowledge and understanding. The information below is detailed information about the Standards of Learning taught during the 2 nd and 4 th grading periods and comes from the United States History II: 1865-Present Standards of Learning Curriculum Framework issued by the Virginia Department of Education. The Curriculum Framework in its entirety can be found at the following website. http://www.doe.virginia.gov/testing/sol/frameworks/history_socialscience_framewks /2008/2008_final/framewks_ushist1865-present.pdf USII.2a-c The student will use maps, globes, photographs, pictures, and tables. USII.2c Locate the 50 states and the cities most significant to the historical development of the United States. What is one way of grouping the 50 states? A state is an example of a political region. States may be grouped as part of different regions depending on the criteria used. What are some examples of cities that historically have had political, economic, and/or cultural significance to the development of the United States? Northeast Region: Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania Cities: Boston, New York, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia Southeast Region: Maryland, Delaware, West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Cities: Atlanta, New Orleans, Washington, DC 2

USII.2c Locate the 50 states and the cities most significant to the historical development of the United States. Midwest Region: Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota Cities: Chicago, Detroit, St. Louis Southwest Region: Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona Cities: San Antonio, Santa Fe Rocky Mountains Region: Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Montana, Wyoming, Idaho Cities: Denver, Salt Lake City Pacific Region: Washington, Oregon, California Cities: Seattle, Los Angeles, San Francisco Noncontiguous: Alaska, Hawaii Cities: Juneau, Honolulu 3

USII.6d Identify the causes of the Great Depression, its impact on Americans, and the major features of Franklin D. Roosevelt s New Deal. What were the causes of the Great Depression? The optimism of the 1920s concealed problems in the American economic system and attitudes about the role of government in controlling the economy. People overspeculated on stocks, using borrowed money that they could not repay when stock prices crashed. The Federal Reserve failed to prevent the collapse of the banking system. High tariffs discouraged international trade. How were the lives of Americans affected by the Great Depression? The Great Depression had a widespread and severe impact on American life. A large number of banks and businesses failed. One-fourth of workers were without jobs. Large numbers of people were hungry and homeless. Farmers incomes fell to low levels. 5

USII.6d (continued) Identify the causes of the Great Depression, its impact on Americans, and the major features of Franklin D. Roosevelt s New Deal. What were the major features of the New Deal? Franklin Roosevelt s New Deal used government programs to help the nation recover from the Depression. Social Security Federal work programs Environmental improvement programs Farm Assistance programs Increased rights for labor Directions: Use standard USII.6d to answer questions 1-6. 1. The optimism of the 1920 s concealed (covered up) problems in the American system and attitudes about the role of in controlling the. 2. Complete the chart. 6

3. The Great Depression had a and impact on life. 4. List the impact the Great Depression had on Americans. A large number of and failed. One-fourth (1/4 or %) of workers were without. Large numbers of people were and. Farmers incomes fell to levels. 5. D. s New Deal used government programs to help the nation recover from the. 6. Complete the chart. Information *Social Major Features of the New Deal Examples *Federal programs * improvement * assistance *Increased rights for 7

USII.7a-c The student will demonstrate knowledge of the major causes and effects of American involvement in World War II. USII.7a Identify the causes and events that led to American involvement in the war, including the attack on Pearl Harbor. How did post-world War I Europe set the stage for World War II? Political and economic conditions in Europe following World War I led to the rise of fascism and to World War II. How did the rise of fascism affect world events following World War I? The rise of fascism threatened peace in Europe and Asia. Political instability and economic devastations in Europe resulting from World War I: Worldwide depression High war debt owed by Germany High inflation Massive unemployment Rise of Fascism Fascism is a political philosophy in which total power is given to a dictator and individual freedoms are denied. Fascist dictators included Adolf Hitler (Germany), Benito Mussolini (Italy), and Hideki Tojo (Japan). These dictators led the countries that became known as the Axis Powers. How did American policy toward events in Europe and Asia change over time? As conflict grew in Europe and Asia, American foreign policy evolved from neutrality to direct involvement. THE ALLIES Democratic nations (United States, Great Britain, and Canada) were known as the Allies. The Soviet Union joined the Allies after being invaded by Germany. ALLIED LEADERS United States: Franklin D. Roosevelt and later Harry S Truman Great Britain: Winston Churchill Soviet Union: Joseph Stalin 8

USII.7a (continued) Identify the causes and events that led to American involvement in the war, including the attack on Pearl Harbor. Gradual changes in American policy from neutrality to involvement: Isolationism (Great Depression, legacy of World War I) Economic aid to Allies Direct involvement in the war Rising tension developed between the United States and Japan because of Japanese aggression in East Asia. On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor without warning. The United States declared war on Japan. Germany declared war on the United States. 9

USII.7b Locate and describe the major events and turning points of the war in Europe and the Pacific. What were the major turning points of the World War II? Despite initial Axis success in both Europe and the Pacific, the Allies persevered and ultimately defeated Germany and Japan. Major Events and Turning Points of World War II Germany invaded Poland, setting off war in Europe. The Soviet Union also invaded Poland and the Baltic nations. Germany invaded France, capturing Paris. Germany bombed London and the Battle of Britain began. The United States gave Britain war supplies and old naval warships in return for military bases in Bermuda and Caribbean. Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, Germany declared war on the United States. America declared war on Japan and Germany. Battle of Midway: The United States was victorious over Japan in the Battle of Midway. The victory was the turning point of the war in the pacific. German troops parade through Warsaw after invasion of Poland. Battle of Midway Germany invaded the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union defeated Germany at Stalingrad, marking the turning point of the war in Eastern Europe. American and Allied troops landed in Normandy, France, on D-Day to begin the liberation of Western Europe. The United States dropped two atomic bombs on Japan (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) in 1945, forcing Japan to surrender and ending World War II. Battle of Stalingrad 10

USII.7b (continued) Locate and describe the major events and turning points of the war in Europe and the Pacific. What was the Holocaust? The Holocaust is an example of prejudice and discrimination taken to the extreme. Anti-Semitism Aryan Supremacy Systematic attempt to rid Europe of all Jews. Tactics Boycott of Jewish stores Threats Segregation Imprisonment and killing of Jews and others in concentration camps Liberation by Allied forces of Jews and others in concentration camps 11

USII.7c Describe the impact of World War II on the homefront. How did Americans at home support the war effort? World War II affected every aspect of American life. Americans were asked to make sacrifices in support of the war effort and the ideas for which we fought. American involvement in World War II brought an end to the Great Depression. Factories and workers were needed to produce goods to win the war. Thousands of American women took jobs in defense plants during the war (e.g. Rosie the Riveter). Americans at home supported the war by conserving and rationing resources. 12

USII.7c (continued) Describe the impact of World WarII on the homefront. April 2016 What effect did the war have on race relations in America? The need for workers temporarily broke down some racial barriers (e.g. hiring in defense plants) although discrimination against African Americans continued. While many Japanese Americans served in the armed forces, others were treated with distrust and prejudice, and many were forced into internment camps. DIRECTIONS: Use the notes from USII.7a and textbook to label the World War II European leader and their country EUROPE 13

Directions: Use the notes from USII 7a-c to identify the matching dates and events. Color each matching pair a different color. DATE S November 11, 1918 1933 September 1, 1939 EVENTS Japan bombs Pearl Harbor Germany invades Poland The Battle of Midway marked the turning point of the war in the Pacific Summer of 1940 December 7, 1941 December 8, 1941 June 1942 1943 June 6, 1944 August 6 and 9, 1945 September 2, 1945 U.S. declared war on Japan The start of the D-Day invasion World War II official ends Adolf Hitler is elected Chancellor of Germany Germany US dropped atomic bomb in Nagasaki and Hiroshima World War I ends The Soviet Union defeated the Germans in Stalingrad marking the turning point in the war in Europe. Battle of Britain 14

Directions: Use the notes from USII.7a-c to complete the following statements. Circle the answer to each statement in the crossword puzzle. 1) was the leader of the Soviet Union during WWII. 2) is a political philosophy in which total power is given to a dictator and individual freedoms are denied. 3) The US loaned military supplies to Great Britain with authority from the Act. 4) United States policy before the bombing of Pearl Harbor. 5) The systematic attempt to rid Europe of Jews was called the. 6) The name given to women to symbolize their work in the defense plants: the Riveter. 7) Americans living on the West coast were sent to Internment Camps following the bombing of Pearl Harbor. 8) During the war, Americans at home supported the war by, the use of something sparingly so as not to exhaust supplies. 9), following the death of Roosevelt, became the President of the US. 10) WWII brought to an end to the Depression. G N I V R E S N O C S A D G R E A T O N L T F H I I T L E E N R A S T O J O M U A H O L O C A U S T M R U S I S O L I R U J A P A N E S E A R E S A E L D N E L T N F A S C I S M I Directions: Use the letters that are not circled to answer the following question: What are the names of the three Axis dictators? 15

Major Events and Turning Points of World War II April 2016 Directions: Use standard USII.7c word bank below to complete the crossword puzzle. Poland Paris London Lend Lease Bermuda Caribbean Pearl Harbor Germany Japan Battle of Midway United States Stalingrad D Day Normandy France Hiroshima Nagasaki 9 11 13 12 14 10 15 1 2 3 4 6 7 5 8 Across: 1. After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, THIS country declared war on the U.S. 3. THIS was the turning point in Eastern Europe when the Soviet Union defeated Germany. 5. Germany invaded France and captured THIS city. 6. The U.S. gave Britain war supplies and old naval warships in return for military bases. 8. THIS city was where the first atomic bomb was dropped in Japan. 10. Part of the Lend Lease Act, the U.S. gave Britain war supplies and old naval warship in return for military bases HERE. 13. Germany bombed THIS city and the Battle of Britain began. Down: 2. The second atomic bomb was dropped on THIS city, ending World War II. 4. THIS was the turning point in Western Europe. 7. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, The U.S. declared war on THIS country and Germany. 9. Japan's attack HERE caused the U.S. to get directly involved in WWII. 11. THIS country was victorious in the Battle of Midway. 12. Germany invaded THIS country setting off war in Europe. 14. THIS battle was a turning point of the war in the Pacific. 15. WHERE Allied troops landed to being the liberation of Western Europe. 16

. USII.8a-d The student will demonstrate knowledge of the economic, social, and political transformation of the United States and the world between the end of World War II and the present. April 2016 USII.8a Describe the rebuilding of Europe and Japan after World War II, the emergence of the United States as a superpower, and the establishment of the United Nations. How did the United States help rebuild postwar Europe and Japan? Learning from the mistakes of the past, the United States accepted its role as a world superpower, helping to rebuild Europe and Japan and taking the leading role in establishing the United Nations. Much of Europe was in ruins following World War II. Soviet forces occupied most of Eastern and Central Europe and the eastern portion of Germany. The United States felt it was in its best interest to rebuild Europe and prevent political and economic instability. Describe the rebuilding of Europe and Japan after World War II, the emergence of the United States as a superpower, and the establishment of the United Nations. Rebuilding Efforts and Establishment of the United Nations The United States instituted George C. Marshall s plan to rebuild Europe (the Marshall Plan), which provided massive financial aid to rebuild European economies and prevent the spread of communism. Following its defeat, Japan was occupied by American forces. It soon adopted a democratic form of government, resumed selfgovernment, and became a strong ally of the United States. Germany was partitioned into East and West Germany. West Germany became democratic and resumed self-government after a few years of American, British, and French occupation. East Germany remained under the domination of the Soviet Union and did not adopt democratic institutions. The United Nations was formed near the end of World War II to create a body for the nations of the world to try to prevent future global wars. 17

USII.8b Describe the conversion from wartime to peacetime economy. What contributed to the prosperity of Americans following World War II? Following World War II, Americans prospered due to an expanding economy stimulated by America s involvement in the war. Reasons for Rapid Growth of the American Economy Following World War II With rationing of consumer goods over, businesses converted from production of war materials to consumer goods. Americans purchased goods on credit. The work force shifted back to men, and most women retuned to family responsibilities. Labor unions merged and became more powerful; workers gained new benefits and higher salaries. As economic prosperity continued and technology boomed, the next generation of women re-entered the labor force in large numbers. Directions: Use standard USII.8b to fill in the blanks. THE UNITED STATES AFTER WORLD WAR II Following (1), the US prospered due to an expanding (2). U.S. businesses converted from producing war materials to producing (3). An example of this would be combat boots to (4). Also during this time, Americans were purchasing goods on (5). Women returned to household responsibilities as the workforce shifted back to (6). In order to protect worker s rights, (7) merged and became powerful. These unions fought for new benefits and (8) salaries. Finally, as the economy continued to grow and (9) boomed, the next generation of women (10) the labor force in large numbers. WORD BANK: men credit World War II higher tennis shoes labor unions technology economy consumer goods entered 18

USII.8c Identify the role of America s military and veterans in defending freedom during the Cold War, including the wars in Korea and Vietnam, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the collapse of communism in Europe, and the rise of new challenges. How and why did the Cold War begin? The United States and Soviet Union emerged from World War II as world powers, triggering a rivalry over ideology and national security. Cold War: State of tension without actual fighting between the United States and the Soviet Union, which divided the world into two camps. Origins of the Cold War Differences in goals and ideologies between the United States and the Soviet Union (the two superpowers) - The United States was democratic and capitalist; the Soviet Union was dictatorial and communist. The Soviet Union s domination over Eastern European countries American policy of containment (to stop the spread of communism) North Atlantic Treaty Organizations (NATO) versus Warsaw Pact What have been the major conflicts and confrontations involving America in the post- World War II era? Since World War II, the United States has been directly involved in various conflicts that reflected the divisions created by Cold War tensions and hostilities. How did Cold War tensions caused divisiveness at home? The tension between the free world and the communist world caused divisiveness at home and abroad. Major conflicts in the post-world War II era: South Korea and the United States resisted Chinese and North Korean aggression. The conflict ended in a stalemate. The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred when the Soviet Union placed missiles in Cuba. The Soviets removed the missiles in response to a U.S. blockade. The United States intervened to stop the spread of communism into South Vietnam (Domino Theory). Americans were divided over whether the United States should be involved militarily in Vietnam. The conflict ended in a cease-fire agreement in which U. S. troops withdrew. 19

USII.8c (continued) Identify the role of America s militatry and veterans in defending freedom during the Cold War, including the wars in Korea and Vienam, the Cuban Miissle Crisis, the collapse of communism in Europe, and the rise of new challenges. How did communisms collapse in Europe? Collapse of Communism in Europe Break-up of the Soviet Union into independent countries. Destruction of Berlin Wall How were the challenges after the Cold War different from earlier challenges? The Cold War was the central organizing principle in foreign affairs for 40 years. New Challenges Role of U. S. Military intervention Environmental challenges Global issues, including trade, jobs, diseases, energy 20

Directions: Use standard USII.8ac to complete the puzzle. April 2016 USII 8ac: Post War and Cold War Across 6. An axis country located in the Pacific that became democratic after WWII 9. Remained under the domination of the Soviet Union 11. Plan to rebuild Europe which provided massive financial aid 12. Its destruction marked the end of the Cold war and collapse of communism 13. American policy to stop the spread of communism 14. The state of tension without actual fighting between the US and Soviet Union 15. Communist and dictatorial 16. The side of Germany that became democratic after the war. Down 1. If one country in Southeast Asia fell to communism, then all would fall. 2. Counterpart to NATO 3. Democratic and capitalist 4. Formed to prevent future wars 5. Ended in a stalemate 7. Formed to stop the spread of communism in Europe 8. Soviet Union placed missiles in Cuba 10. A crisis that divided the country and ended in a ceasefire 21

USII.8d Describe the changing patterns of society, including expanded educational and economic opportunities for military veterans, women, and minorities. April 2016 What factors led to changing patterns of society in the post-world War II era? Changing patterns in American society at the end of World War II changed the way most Americans lived and worked. Strong Economy (healthy job market, increased productivity, increased demand for American products) Evolving role of women (expected to play supporting role in the family, but increasingly working outside the home) Greater investment in education The Baby Boom, which led to changing demographics Factors Leading to Changing Patterns in U. S. Society Role of Eleanor Roosevelt in expanding women s rights Interstate Highway System African American s aspirations for equal opportunities 22

USII.8d (continued) Describe the changing patterns of society, including expanded educational and economic opportunities for military veterans, women, and minorities. April 2016 What policies and programs expanded educational and employment opportunities for the military, women, and minorities? Policies and programs expanding educational and employment opportunities: G. I. Bill of Rights gave educational, housing, and employment benefits to World War II Veterans. Truman desegregated the armed forces. Civil Rights legislation led to increased educational, economic, and political opportunities for women and minorities. 23

Directions: Using your knowledge from past SOL s and USII.8d, describe the changes of the U.S. Society following World War II. BEFORE WWII AFTER WWII Great Depression Eleanor Roosevelt fought to expand women s rights. Transcontinental Railroad Because of the Great Depression and WWII, people put off having children. Military Units were segregated. Look closely. Write a caption explaining the significance of the picture. 24

A teacher-made US History II 4 th Nine Weeks Midpoint Test MAY be administered approximately four to five weeks into the nine weeks marking period. Tested US History II SOLs include: USII.2c, USII.6d, USII.7a-c, and USII.8bd. Previously tested SOLs will be included from the 1 st /3 rd content. Previously tested US History II SOLs include: USII.2c, USII.3abc, USII.4a-e, USII.5a-c, and USII.6a-c. 25

USII.9a-d The student will demonstrate knowledge of the key domestic and international issues during the second half of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. USII.9a Examine the Civil Rights Movement and the changing role of women. What were some effects of segregation on American society? Separate educational facilities and resources for white and African American students. Separate public facilities (e.g. restrooms, drinking fountains, restaurants) Social isolation of races How did the African American struggle for equality become a mass movement? The Civil Rights Movement resulted in legislation that ensured constitutional rights to all citizens regardless of race. Martin Luther King, Jr. Passive resistance against segregated facilities; I have a dream speech. Rosa Parks- Montgomery Bus Boycott Organized protests, Freedom Riders, sitins, marches Expansion of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. 26

USII.9a (continued) Examine the Civil Rights Movement and the changing role of women. April 2016 How did the law support the struggle for equality for African Americans? Opposition to Plessy v. Ferguson- Separate but equal Brown v. Board of Education, desegregation of schools Civil Rights Act of 1964 Voting Rights Act of 1965 How were women disadvantaged in the workplace? What actions were taken to improve conditions for women? Women activists were inspired by the achievements of the Civil Rights Movement and took action to gain equality for women, particularly in the workplace. Changing Role of Women Workplace Disadvantages Discrimination in hiring practices against women Lower wages for women than for men doing the same job Improved Conditions National Organization for Women (NOW) Federal legislation to force colleges to give women equal athletic opportunities (e.g. Title Nine) The Equal Rights Amendment, despite its failure, and a focus on equal opportunity employment created a wider range of options and advancement for women in business and public service. 27

5 April 2016 Directions: Use standard USII.9a to help complete the following activity. 1. Federal legislation in 1964 that made it illegal to segregate in public facilities. 1 2. Social Isolation of the races 17 9 3. Made Separate but Equal legal 4. Desegregation of the schools 7 14 10 5. Organization that fought for the rights of African Americans. 13 10 4 16 6. Made Poll tax and literacy test illegal 7. Amendment that failed but led to an increase focus on equal opportunity employment for women. 5 10 10 2 11 10 8. Freedom Rider, sit-ins, marches 9. Montgomery Bus boycott 18 10. Discrimination against hiring/ lower wages for women 8 15 6 11. Organization who fought for the rights of women 10 12. Federal legislation that forced colleges to give equal athletic opportunities 12 10 3 Directions: Use the letters from the questions above to solve the problem below. 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 7 8 5 9 2 1 10 11 12 6 3 11 3 13 1 10 10 10 10 10 8 3 10 10 10 7 1 3 15 5 13 7 3 9 5 10 7 16 1 5 10 1 2 16 1 10 3 13 10 14 8 3 16 10 10 10 10 4 1 5 1 14 1 5 10 10 10 10 10 10 8 14 12 13 10 10 5 9 2 1 10 1 12 16 7 7 4 5 1 5 10 10 10 10 8 3 9 16 8 15 7 3 10 10 12 17 8 16 4 3 10 10 10 10 16 12 13 16 7 15 18 3 12 13 10 10 13 10 28

USII.9b Describe the development of new technologies and their impact on American life. April 2016 What impact did the new technologies have on American life? After the war, Americans turned their energies to the development of peace time technologies. Which industries benefited the most from the new technologies? Industries Benefiting From New Technologies Airline industry-jets Automobile industry and interstate highway system Entertainment and news media industry Exploration of space Computer industry Satellite systemtelecommunications (pagers, cell phones, television) Internet 29

USII.9b Describe the development of new technologies and their impact on American life. April 2016 Which industries benefited the most from the new technologies? Impact of New Technologies on American Life Increased domestic and international travel for business and pleasure Greater access to news and other information Cheaper and more convenient means of communication Greater access to heating and air-conditioning Decreased regional variation resulting from nationwide access to entertainment and information provided by national television and radio programming, Internet services, and computer games 30

WORD BANK April 2016 Directions: Use your knowledge from previous standards and USII.9b to complete the following graphic organizer using the word bank below. 1880 s 1900 s 1950 s Today Impact Railroads Newspaper Telegraph Electricity Exploration Automobile Airplanes Jets Television News and Entertainment Increased travel for business and pleasure. Radio/Movies Greater access to news and other information Easier to live in regions with various types of weather Decreased regional variation, Cheaper and convenient means of communication Space Exploration Air Conditioning and Heating Satellite Internet Computers Understanding of the solar system 31

USII.8a-e The student will demonstrate knowledge of the economic, social, and political transformation of the United States and the world between the end of World War II and the present. USII.8e Describe how international trade and globalization have impacted American life. How has globalization impacted American life? Between the end of World War II and the present, the world has been marked by an increase in globalization and interdependence. Globalization is the linking of nations through trade, information, technologies, and communications Globalization involves increased integration of different societies. Impact of Globalization on American Life Improvement of all commmunications (e.g. travel, telecommunications, Internet) Availability of a wide variety of foreignmade goods and services. Outsourcing of jobs 32

Directions: Use standard USII.8e and the code below to answer the questions. a = b = c = d = e = f = g = h = i = j = k = l = m = n = o = p = q = r = s = t = u = v = w = x = y = z =. =? =, = 0 = 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = 6 = 7 = 8 = 9 = % = 1. 1.The linking of nations through trade, information, technologies and communications 2. 3. - 4. 2. An impact of globalization on American life. 3. Because of globalization, there has become an increase of - goods and services. 4. Globalization has also led to improvement of all. 33

USII.9a-d The student will demonstrate knowledge of the key domestic issues during the second half of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. USII.9c Identify representative citizens from the time period who have influenced America scientifically, culturally, academically, and economically. How have representative citizens influenced America scientifically, culturally, academically, and economically? Representative citizens have influenced America scientifically, culturally, academically, and economically. Science Culture Academics Economics Charles Drew Frank Lloyd Wright Henry Louis Gates Ray Kroc Medicine (Plasma) Architecture History Franchising (McDonald s) J. Robert Oppenheimer Martha Graham Maya Angelou Bill Gates Physics: Manhattan Project team Dance Literature Computer Technology (Microsoft) 34

USII.9d Examine American foreign policy, immigration, the global environment, and other emerging issues. How have American foreign policy, immigration policies, energy policies, and environmental policies affected people both in the United States and in other countries? American foreign policy, immigration policies, energy policies, and environmental policies affect people both in the United States and in other countries. Foreign Policy Increase in terrorist activities Conflicts in the Middle East Changing relationships with nations Immigration Changing immigration patterns (e.g. Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans) More people want to immigrate to the United States than are allowed by law. Global Environment Other Issues Policies to protect the environment Global climate change Conservation of water and other natural resources Energy issues (dependence on foreign oil) World health issues (global pandemics) 35

DIRECTIONS: Who am I? Read the scenario. Use USII.9c to determine the important person whose contribution is described in each scenario. 1. I believed in designing structures which are in harmony with humanity and its environment. I also designed interior spaces, furniture, carpets and stained glass windows. Who am I? 2. I have been hailed as the Dancer of the Century and a National Treasure. I have had the opportunity to create many ballets as well as work with such composers as Aaron Copland. Who am I? 3. I am the Richest man in America. I used to play with computers when I was younger and I created a system that made computers easy for the average person. I sold my system to IBM and I started the company Microsoft. I give much of my money to support health and education in other countries. Who am I? 4. I discovered the McDonald brothers in California and liked the way they were selling burgers, fries, and shakes in an assembly line fashion. Taking their ideas, I built my first McDonald s in Chicago and then went on to sell franchises across the country. Who am I? 5. I am a poet, teacher, bestselling author, actress, civil rights activist, producer and director. I am famous for my poem, I Know Why the Caged Birds Sing. I have had the opportunity to read my poems at the inauguration of our president. Who am I? 6. I am an African American Historian who teaches at Harvard University. I am also a critic, writer, editor, and television host. I wrote the book, In Search of our Roots. Who am I? 7. I am an African American doctor who developed a way to store the plasma portion of blood with the creation of the first blood bank. I founded the American Red Cross Blood Bank and I was the first African American surgeon on the American Board of Surgery. Who am I? 8. I am sometimes called The Father of the Atomic Bomb, which is a title that I did not want. I have struggled with the creation of nuclear weapons and I spent time after World War II trying to stop the nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union. Who am I? 36

Directions: Use USII.9d to answer the following questions. 1. As the world has become closely connected, name 4 issues that affect the people of the United States as well as the people in other countries. 2. In the late 1800 s, most of our immigrants arrived from Europe. In the 21 st century, where do most of our immigrants arrive from? 3. Can anybody immigrate to America? Yes No (Circle your choose) Explain your answer. 4. Before World War II, the United States had a foreign policy of neutrality and isolationism. What issues in the 21 st century prevents the United States from adopting these previous policies? 5. A person with a contagious disease gets on an airplane and travels to another country. This disease is then passed on to the other passengers. This spreading of disease can lead to a public health crisis. What is this called? 6. Name two examples of ways to protect our global environment. 37

District-made tests will NOT be administered at the end of the 2 nd /4 th Nine Weeks. 38

STAR (Students Teaching Activities Resources) resource contains resources and activities that assist students in enhancing their comprehension of the Virginia Standards of Learning. Resources include but are not limited to activities, games, PowerPoint s, web quests, websites that address Standards of Learning objectives in each content area in grades K-12. http://www.spsk12.net/departments/star/socialscience/ss_us6.htm 39

The following pages contain vocabulary sorts that can be used to review relevant US History II terms for this grading period. Cut out the sort and practice matching the vocabulary word with the matching definition. Quizlet is a free online website that provides students extra opportunites to practice and review vocabulary words. Links to US History II Quizlet files are located on the STAR (Students Teaching Activities Resources) webpage. http://www.spsk12.net/departments/star/socialscience/ss_us6.htm 40

USII.1a-h slogan April 2016 a phrase that promotes an idea, person, or organization; a motto USII.1a-h excerpts a part of a larger work of literature, music, or art USII.1a-h physical feature USII.1a-h primary source a characteristic of a place that occurs naturally such as a landform or body of water a document written or created by a person who was a witness USII.1a-h secondary source USII.1a-h sequence a document written or created by a person who used primary sources for research an order of one thing following after another USII.1a-h interpret to offer an explanation of meaning 42

USII.1a-h evaluate to look at something carefully to decide its value or meaning USII.1a-h analyze to study something by looking at the smaller, separate parts USII.1a-h latitude distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees USII.1a-h longitude distance east or west of the Prime Meridian, measured in degrees USII.1a-h hemisphere Either the northern or southern half of the earth as divided by the Equator or the eastern or western half as divided by a meridian USII.2c region an area or group of states 44

USII.2c Northeast region (states) USII.2c Northeast region (cities) USII.2c Southeast region (states) USII.2c Southeast region (cities) USII.2c Midwest region (states) USII.2c Midwest region (cities) USII.2c Southwest region (states) Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania New York, New York Boston, Massachusetts Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Maryland, Delaware, West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas Washington, D.C. Atlanta, Georgia New Orleans, Louisiana Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota Chicago, Illinois St. Louis, Missouri Detroit, Michigan Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona 46

USII.2c Southwest region (cities) USII.2c Western/Rocky Mountains (states) USII.2c Western/Rocky Mountains (cities) San Antonio, Texas Santa Fe, New Mexico Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Montana, Wyoming, Idaho Denver, Colorado Salt Lake City, Utah USII.2c Pacific region (states) Washington, Oregon, California USII.2c Pacific region (cities) San Francisco, California Los Angeles, California Seattle, Washington USII.2c Noncontiguous region (states) USII.2c Noncontiguous region (cities) Alaska, Hawaii Juneau, Alaska Honolulu, Hawaii 48

USII.6d Great Depression A period marked by a severe reduction in business activity, rise in unemployment, and falling wages. USII.6d Federal Reserve System Created to protect the banking system USII.6d tariff Special taxes on imported or exported goods USII.5d stocks Shares of ownership a company sells in their businesses which often carry voting power. USII.6d New Deal Franklin D. Roosevelt s program to find government solutions to the Great Depression. USII.6d over-speculate To make risky deals for profit; people bought more stock than they could afford. 50

USII.6d optimism To believe, expect, or hope that things will turn out well. USII.6d conceal To put or keep something hidden. USII.6d Social Security A monthly pension provided by the government for retired persons previously paid for by taxes. USII.6d federal Of or relating to the government USII.6d USII.6d environmental improvement programs income Part of the New Deal that created state and national parks, the replanting of trees, and creation of the Appalachian trail. Money received over a period of time either as payment for work, goods, or services as a profit. 52

USII.7a Pearl Harbor USII.7a East Asia USII.7a Political Naval base in Hawaii in which the Japanese attacked on Dec. 7, 1941 and began direct involvement of the U.S. in WWII. The countries, territories, and regions of China, Hong Kong, Japan, North and South Korea, Macau, Mongolia, eastern parts of Russia, and Taiwan. Relating to politics and government issues, especially party politics. USII.7a economic Relating to economics, the economy of a country, or money in general. USII.7a fascism USII.7a neutrality A form of government in which total power is given to a dictator and individual freedoms are denied. When a nation does not take either side in a conflict. 54

USII.7a dictator A leader who rules with total control. USII.7a Axis Powers During WWII: Germany (Hitler) Italy (Mussolini) Japan (Tojo) USII.7a USII.7a Allies reparations During WWII: U.S.A. (Roosevelt, later Truman) Great Britain (Churchill) Canada Soviet Union (Stalin) Compensation demanded of a defeated nation by the victor in a war especially that demanded of Germany by the Treaty of Versailles after WWI. USII.7a democratic A government by the people; freedoms. USII.7a isolationism National policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs. 56

USII.7a tension USII.7a debt Uneasy feelings like mistrust, hostility, or fear felt by countries, groups, or individuals in their dealings with one another. An amount of money, a service, or an item of property that is owed to somebody USII.7a instability Likely to fall or collapse USII.7a involvement Participation USII.7a devastation To cause severe or widespread damage to something. USII.7a aggression Hostile action, especially a physical or military attack, directed against another person or country, often without sound reason. 58

USII.7a inflation An increase in the supply of currency or credit relative to the availability of goods and services, resulting in higher prices. USII.7a unemployment The condition of having no job. USII.7a philosophy A system of thought; beliefs. USII.7b Holocaust A systematic attempt to rid Europe of all Jews. USII.7b turning point An important moment of change. USII.7b Normandy, France (D-Day) June 6, 1944 USII.7b liberation A turning point in WWII in which Allied troops landed in Normandy, France to begin the liberation of Western Europe. To be set free. 60

USII.7b Poland A country just east of Germany in which Hitler invaded on September 1, 1939 and was the beginning of WWII. USII.7b anti-semitism Discrimination or hatred of Jews. USII.7b Aryan A Caucasian person of non- Semitic descent regarded as racially superior. USII.7b boycott To refuse to deal with an organization, company, or process as a form of protest. USII.7b tactics The science of organizing and maneuvering forces in battle to achieve a limited or immediate aim. USII.7b concentration camp Death camps or work camps for Jews and others during WWII. 62

USII.7b invade To enter a country by military force. USII.7b USII.7b Bermuda Caribbean USII.7b Lend Lease Act USII.7b Hiroshima & Nagasaki A small island off the southeastern coast of the United States that was part of the Lend- Lease agreement between the U.S. and Great Britain during WWII. Islands off the southeastern coast of Florida that were part of the Lend-Lease agreement between the U.S. and Great Britain during WWII. An agreement between the US and Great Britain. The US gave war supplies to Great Britain in return for military bases in Bermuda and the Caribbean Two cities in Japan in which the U.S. dropped atomic bombs in 1945, forcing Japan to surrender and ending WWII. USII.7b Baltic Nations Nations that border the Baltic Sea that were invaded by the Soviet Union at the beginning of WWII. 64

USII.7b supremacy USII.7c sacrifice USII.7c conserve To hold as supreme over all others To give up something valuable or important for somebody or something else considered to be of more value or importance. To use something sparingly so as not to exhaust supplies. USII.7c rationing Limited of scarce goods during wartime. USII.7c internment camps Detention centers where Japanese Americans were moved and confined during WWII. USII.7c homefront Confined to one s homeland. USII.7c Rosie the Riveter Character developed to encourage women to take factory jobs. 66

USII.8a United Nations USII.8a Marshall Plan USII.8a communism USII.8a democratic An organization of nations that was formed in 1945 to promote peace, security, and international cooperation; formed to prevent future wars. A plan to provide economic aid to Europe after WWII; named after George C. Marshall. A system in which property is owned by society instead of an individual; a dictator is in charge. A government by the people; freedoms. USII.8a Ally A nation that is joined in an association with another or others for mutual help and support or the achievement of a common purpose. USII.8a USII.8a occupy partitioned To invade and take control of a country, area, or building. The division of a country into two or more separate states or countries. 68

USII.8a political & economic instability A situation in which the government and economy of a country may fall or collapse. USII.8a domination Controlling power. USII.8a democratic institutions Governments and/or countries that practice democracy. USII.8a defeat To beat an enemy. USII.8b prosper USII.8b convert To be successful, especially in financial or economic terms, through effort or good fortune. To change the function or use of something. USII.8b credit A pay-later system in which a buyer can take possession of something now and pay for it later or over time. 70

USII.8b consumer Someone who buys goods or services. USII.8b workforce A labor force including personnel, workers, employees, and staff. USII.8b merge To combine or unite with something to form a single unit. USII.8b benefits Programs offered by employers to assist workers financially such as medical insurance, credit unions, sick leave, and vacation leave. USII.8b USII.8c salary rivalry Payment for work. The condition of competing with somebody else; competition. USII.8c Cold War A state of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union without actual fighting that divided the world into two camps. 72

USII.8c capitalist USII.8c dictatorial A believer in capitalism which is an economic system based on private property and free enterprise; the USA has this type of system. Ruled by dictatorship. USII.8c NATO- USII.8c USII.8c USII.8c North Atlantic Treaty Organization Warsaw Pact stalemate blockade An organization that had an agreement that an armed attack against one or more of the member nations shall be considered an attack against all. The counterpart of NATO, and had a military force that the Soviet Union controlled. A situation during a conflict when action stops because both sides are equally powerful and neither side will give in. An organized action to prevent entrance or exit of a place. 74

USII.8c cease-fire April 2016 To come to an end without firing any weapons. USII.8c USII.8c Berlin Wall military intervention USII.8c tension A concrete wall built in West Berlin to keep people in the communist area from escaping. Military action undertaken in order to change what is happening or might happen in another country. Uneasy feeling in a relationship, mistrust, controlled hostility, or fear of hostility felt by countries, groups, or individuals in their dealings with one another. USII.8c ideologies A system of social beliefs. USII.8c containment The policy of preventing the expansion of a hostile power USII.8c Cuban Missile Crisis When the Soviet Union placed missiles in Cuba. The Soviets removed the missiles in response to a U.S. blockade. 76

USII.8c Domino Theory Coined by President Eisenhower, a belief that if one country is taken over by communism, then all surrounding countries will fall to communism. USII.8c withdraw To remove all troops USII.8c collapse To fail abruptly USII.8c global worldwide USII.8c Korea USII.8c Cuba During the Korean War, Korea separated into North and South Korea along the 38 th parallel of latitude, with the Soviets controlling the North and America controlling the South. A large island just south of Florida in which the Cuban Missile Crisis took place. USII.8c Vietnam Vietnam was the country in which more than 58,000 American troops died in the longest conflict in American History for the fight against communism. 78

USII.8d minority a group having little power or representation in relation to another group in society USII.8d productivity the rate at which goods and services are produced USII.8d Baby Boom a sharp rise in births following WWII USII.8d interstate something that connects or goes through two or more states USII.8d G.I. Bill of Rights federal legislation that provided funding for housing, education and job opportunities for veterans USII.8d desegregated open a place to members of all ethnic or racial groups 80

USII.8d policy a plan of action meant to influence all actions or decisions made by a group or government USII.8d veteran a person who served in the armed forces USII.8d investment to give time or money to something USII.8d demographic the makeup of a group of people; statistics USII.8d legislation the making of laws USII.8d highway a road for high speed travel 82

USII.8d evolve to change slowly USII.8d Eleanor Roosevelt wife of F. D. Roosevelt and advocate human (women and minorities) rights USII.8d aspiration the desire to achieve a goal USII.9a equality to be treated exactly the same USII.9a segregation to keep separated by group USII.9a facility a public place with a specific purpose 84

USII.9a passive resistance to struggle without violence USII.9a boycott when a group of people refuse to use a good or service in order to achieve a goal USII.9a opposition to resist something or act as an obstacle in the way of something USII.9a sit-in when African Americans and their supporters sat at lunch counters in restaurants intended for whites in protest of segregation USII.9a Freedom Rider African American and white college students (usually from northern states) rode buses through southern states to challenge segregation USII.9a discrimination to treat a person unfairly based on the group they belong to 86

USII.9a USII.9a USII.9a USII.9a NOW NAACP Equal Rights Amendment Civil Rights Act of 1964 National Organization of Women: fought for equal treatment for women in the workplace, government and public places National Association for the Advancement of Colored People: fought for equal treatment for African Americans in the workplace, government and public places a proposed amendment to the Constitution to give women equal rights to men; was not approved or made into law federal legislation that made it illegal to segregate in public facilities USII.9a Voting Rights Act of 1965 USII.9a Rosa Parks federal legislation that protected the voting rights of African Americans and other minority groups refused to give up her seat to a white man; caused the Montgomery Bus Boycott and set off the Civil Rights Movement 88

USII.9a Martin Luther King, Jr. USII.9a Montgomery Bus Boycott USII.9a Plessy v. Ferguson Southern African American preacher who used passive resistance to challenge segregation and lead the Civil Rights Movement African Americans in Montgomery, Alabama refused to use the public bus service after Rosa Parks was arrested for sitting in a white only section a Supreme Court case that upheld the idea that separate but equal was legal USII.9a Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas USII.9a protest a Supreme Court case that overruled the idea that separate but equal was legal and initiated the desegregation of public schools a organized public display of disagreement USII.9a wage a hourly rate of pay for a job done USII.9b telecommunications the use of electronic systems to communicate over a distance 90

USII.9b domestic having to do with home life USII.9b international involving several countries USII.9b jet a high-speed airplane USII.9b media a means of mass communication USII.9b satellite USII.9b entertainment a piece of machinery that orbits the earth to transmit information something that amuses or gains attention USII.9b exploration to travel with the purpose of gathering information or discovering new things 92

USII.9b Internet a computer network used to access and share information USII.9b convenient easy to reach or close at hand USII.9b access the ability to enter or use USII.9b regional variation differences between regions or areas US II.8e globalization US II.8e outsourcing USII.9d Global pandemics The linking of nations through trade, information, technologies and communication. Subcontracting a process, such as product design or manufacturing, to a third-party company or country. an epidemic of infectious disease that is spreading through human populations across a large region; 94

USII.9c Charles Drew USII.9c J. Robert Oppenheimer USII.9c Frank Lloyd Wright An African American doctor who successful separated blood plasma which later was used in creating blood banks. Lead the Manhattan Project: the World War II effort to develop the first nuclear bomb. He was remembered as the Father of the Atomic Bomb. An American Architect USII.9c Martha Graham USII.9c Henry Louis Gates USII.9c Maya Angelou USII.9c Bill Gates an American dancer and choreographer An African American historian. an American autobiographer and poet Founder of Microsoft Computer software. USII.9c Ray Kroc Founder of McDonald s. 96

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Pg. 6-7 : USII.6d 1. economic, government, economy 2. Chart- Causes of the Great Depression Square #1: overspeculated, money, not, stock, crashed Square #2: Federal Reserve, collapse, banking Square #3: discouraged 3. widespread, severe, American 4. Chart Impact Great Depression Had on Americans banks, businesses 25%, jobs hungry, homeless, low 5. Franklin Roosevelt, Depression 6. Major Features of the New Deal *Social Security Information *Federal Work Programs *Environmental Improvement Programs *Farm Assistance Programs *Increased rights for Labor Examples Every pay check you make has money taken out by the government which goes into a massive reserve/account to hold onto for later. People who retire will get money from the government if they contributed to the funds Welfare, Food Stamps, & Government Created Jobs - trained unskilled workers (construction, electric/phone wiring, sewing factories, etc.) Put unemployed men to work to rebuild forests, beaches, and parks. They were paid $1 a day and given a room and food each day. Would hire farm workers to work Government jobs, the Government also subsidized (gave money) to farmers to grow a certain amount of a particular crop. Sometimes to not grow anything. As people were put to work, the government had a hand in many of the new businesses so they worked to keep everything safe and orderly. It also set a minimum wage the amount of money the government feels you can survive on. 99

Pg. 13: USII.7a EUROPE April 2016 Adolf Hitler Germany Joseph Stalin Soviet Union Winston Churchill Great Britain Benito Mussolini Italy Pg. 14: USII.7a-c 100

Pg. 15: USII.7b 1. Stalin 2. Fascism 3. Lend Lease 4. Neutral 5. Holocaust 6. Rosie 7. Japanese 8. Conserving 9. Truman 10. Great Pg. 16: USII.7b G N I V R E S N O C S A D G R E A T O N L T F H I I T L E E N R A S T O J O M U A H O L O C A U S T M R U S I S O L I R U J A P A N E S E A R E S A E L D N E L T N F A S C I S M I Using the letters not circled, answer the following question: What are the names of the three Axis dictators? ADOLF HITLER TOJO MUSSOLINI April 2016 Across: 1. GERMANY 3 STALINGRAD 5. PARIS 6. LEND LEASE 8. HIROSHIMA 10. BERMUDA CARIBBEAN 13. LONDON Major Events and Turning Points of World War II KEY Down: 2. NAGASAKI 4. D-DAY 7. JAPAN 9. PEARL HARBOR 11. UNITED STATES 12. POLAND 14. BATTLE OF MIDWAY 15. NORMANDY, FRANCE Pg. 18: USII.8b 1. World War II 2. economy 3. Consumer Goods 4. tennis shoes 5. credit 6. men 7. labor unions 8. higher 9. technology 10. entered 101

Pg. 21: USII.8ac Across 6. Japan 9. East Germany 11. Marshall Plan 12. Berlin Wall 13. Containment 14. Cold War 15. Soviet Union 16. West Germany Down 1. Domino Theory 2. Warsaw Pact 3. United States 4. United Nations 5. Korean War 7. NATO 8. Cuban Missiles Crisis 10. Vietnam War April 2016 Pg. 24: USII.8d 102

Pg. 28: USII.9a 1. Civil Rights Act 2. Effect of Segregation 3. Plessy v. Ferguson 4. Brown v. Board of Education 5. NAACP 6. Voting Rights Act 7. Equal Rights Amendment 8. Organized Protests 9. Rosa Parks 10. Workplace Disadvantages 11. NOW 12. Title Nine April 2016 Answer to word scramble: The Civil Rights Movement resulted in legislation that ensured constitutional rights to all citizens regardless of race. Pg. 31: USII.9b 103

Pg. 33: USII.9b 1. Globalization 2. Outsourcing 3. Foreign-made 4. Communication Pg. 36: USII.9c 1. Frank Lloyd Wright 2. Martha Graham 3. Bill Gates 4. Ray Kroc 5. Maya Angelou 6. Henry Louis Gates 7. Charles Drew 8. J. Robert Oppenheimer Pg. 37: USII.9d 1. Foreign, environmental, energy, and immigration 2. Hispanics and Asians 3. No.Answers will vary but it should mention that more people want to immigrate than are allowed by law 4. Terrorist activities, conflict in the Middle East, dependence on foreign oil 5. Pandemics 6. Polices, conservation 104