Breathing New Life into Copper: The Long Awaited Arrival of VDSL2

Agenda Introduction Access Network Evolution VDSL2 Technology History of DSL ADSL2+ and VDSL2 comparison VDSL2 Nuts and Bolts PTM and Profiles VDSL2 Bonding VDSL2 Deployment considerations Technology Configurations What s Next? Vectoring Phantom Mode Conclusions 2

Access Network Origins POTS In the beginning.. Digital Loop Carrier (DLC) based carrier serving areas (CSA) were designed for POTS services Advent of T1 multiplexing delivered significant savings over historical CO based POTS delivery POTS services could be delivered over very long loops the longer the better Primary voice interface: TR57 20+kft POTS 3

Access Network Evolution - Broadband The advent of broadband (1998) Standardization of (ANSI T1.413, G.992.1, G.992.2) Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) heralded the beginning of mass market residential broadband ILEC networks Maximum loop length of initial specification was 18kft Shorter loops delivered higher speeds, and ideal CSA shrank to 12kft T1 transport began to give way to fiber transport TR08 and GR303 bring T1 interfaces to Class 5 voice switches 12kft POTS and ADSL 4

Access Network Evolution Beyond high speed internet (2004) Carriers began to leverage their broadband infrastructure for other services such as IPTV ADSL2+ (ITU-T G.992.5) delivers significant bandwidth and reach enhancements Ideal CSA shrank to 10kft Ubiquitous Ethernet transport VOIP protocols such as H.248, MGCP, and SIP offer an alternative to TDM voice protocols 10kft POTS and ADSL 5

Access Network Evolution Copper access pinnacle (2010) VDSL2 finally breaks through! Latest generation of low cost, low power chipsets spell the end of the ADSL2+ era VDSL2 and VDSL2 bonding enables 100 Mbps up to 2,500 ft 50 Mbps out to 5,000 ft VDSL2 is emerging as a superset of DSL technology Wirespeed ADSL2+ fallback ensures ubiquitous deployment for all services 500 kbps broadband 100 Mbps HDTV <10kft 2.5kft 1.5kft 75Mbps 50Mbps POTS and ADSL 6

A Brief History of DSL Evolution of Digital Subscriber Line technology ADSL: T1.413, G.992.1, G.992.2 up to 8.128 Mbps down Ratified in 1998 VDSL: G.993.1, up to 52 Mbps down Ratified in 2001 ADSL2: G.992.3, up to 12 Mbps down Ratified in 2002 ADSL2+: G.992.5, up to 24 Mbps down Ratified in 2003 VDSL2: G.993.2, up to 100 Mbps down Ratified in 2006 Why such a gap between ratification and mass deployment? 8

VDSL2 Market Growth Although VDSL2 was ratified in 2006, it was slow to achieve mass market acceptance Initial chipsets were large, expensive, and power hungry Difficult for equipment vendors to develop high density solutions Early chipsets did not support wirespeed ADSL2+ fallback Requirement of separate DSLAMs for ADSL2+ and VDSL2 was not acceptable Market finally began to grow in 2008 as chipsets matured. Lower power Wirespeed ADSL2+ fallback Early implementations were pizza box form factor Latest chipsets are optimized for high density, chassis based systems No loss of density, cost optimized for replacement of ADSL2+ Single technology for all flavors of DSL 9

Comparing ADSL2+ and VDSL2 Bandwidth (Mbps) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 ADSL2+ VDSL2 (8b) VDSL2 offers significant rate improvement over ADSL2+ But rapid attenuation Convergence at approximately 6kft Fallback to ADSL2+ to ensure optimal utilization of investment 10-1k 2k 3k 4k 5k 6k 7k 8k 9k 10k 11k 12k 13k 14k 15k 16k 17k 18k Loop Length 10

VDSL2 Nuts and Bolts VDSL2 differs significantly from previous ADSL technology family VDSL2 is optimized for Ethernet Packet Transfer Mode (PTM) eliminates ATM overhead Think of PTM as Ethernet over DSL Historically DSL has been Ethernet over ATM over DSL Frequency spectrum use is more sophisticated Much wider frequency range is utilized up to 30 Mhz An end to one size fits all approach of ADSL VDSL2 specifies multiple operating modes to fit various applications 11

VDSL2 Throughput Is Optimized by PTM 100 PTM minimizes overhead bandwidth loss of VDSL2 Bandwidth (Mbps) 80 60 40 Train Rate ATM Mode TP PTM Mode TP ATM mode is supported if required May facilitate integration with back office provisioning systems 20 - Loop Length 12

PTM over ADSL2+ Bandwidth (Mbps) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Combo2-24V with Zyxel P660HN-51 1Mbps improvement at 10kft Downstream ATM Mode TP PTM Mode TP 1k 2k 3k 4k 5k 6k 7k 8k 9k 10k 11k 12k 13k 14k 15k PTM over ADSL2 delivers enhanced throughput Lab tests show up to 12.8% improvement throughput 1Mbps improvement at 10kft PTM capable modem is required Deploy as needed for existing customers Standardize for new growth Loop Length 13

VDSL2 Spectrum Utilization VDSL2 spectrum use ADSL divided spectrum into upstream and downstream Upstream is common across all ADSL flavors (26khz to 138khz) ADSL downstream was initially 138 khz to 1.1 Mhz ADSL2+ downstream is 138 khz to 2.2 Mhz VDSL2 divides spectrum into multiple bands Six total bands are specified by 993.2 Spectrum bands are incorporated into profiles Profile 8 includes two downstream bands and one upstream band Profile 12 includes two downstream bands and two upstream bands Profile 17 includes three downstream bands and two upstream bands Profile 30 includes three downstream bands and three upstream bands 14

VDSL2 Bands and Profiles Profile 30 Profile 17 Profile 12 Profile 8 8Mhz 12Mhz 17Mhz 30Mhz Higher frequencies attenuate rapidly as reach increases 15

VDSL2 Profiles / Application VDSL2 differs dramatically from ADSL2+ with the use of profiles Profile number corresponds to max frequency of transmission range Profile 8 = 8 Mhz, 12 = 12 Mhz, etc Rate is highly sensitive to reach Max. DS Power Max. Freq. Bandwidth (Max Downstream) Bandwidth (Max Upstream) Typical Application Profile 8b 20.5 dbm 8.5 MHz 90 Mbps 20 Mbps CO Profile 8a 17.5 dbm 8.5 MHz 90 Mbps 20 Mbps CO Profile 8d 14.5 dbm 8.5 MHz 90 Mbps 20 Mbps RT Profile 8c Profile 12a Profile 12b Profile 17a Profile 30a 11.5 dbm 8.5 MHz 90 Mbps 20 Mbps 14.5 dbm 12 MHz 90 Mbps 60 Mbps 14.5 dbm 12 MHz 90 Mbps 60 Mbps 14.5 dbm 17.7 MHz 100 Mbps 60 Mbps Not used in North America 14.5 dbm 30 MHz 100 Mbps 100 Mbps RT Node Node MDU MDU 16

VDSL2 Rate/Reach Comparison: 8b, 12a, 17a Downstream 100 80 Profile 8b Profile 8 supports up to 90 Mbps downstream High launch power is designed for long loops in remote terminals Bandwidth (Mbps) 60 40 20 Upstream bandwidth of up to 20 Mbps 4:1 asymmetry is designed for residential broadband applications - Loop Length (26 AWG, White noise) 17

VDSL2 Rate/Reach Comparison: 8b, 12a, 17a Downstream Bandwidth (Mbps) 100 80 60 40 20 - Profile 8b Profile 12a Profile 12 has identical downstream capability as profile 8 (up to 90 Mbps) High launch power is designed for long loops in remote terminals Upstream bandwidth of up to 60 Mbps Additional frequency spectrum assigned to profile 12 is used for upstream Loop Length (26 AWG, White noise) 18

VDSL2 Rate/Reach Comparison: 8b, 12a, 17a Downstream 100 80 Profile 8b Profile 12a Profile 17a Profile 17 adds additional downstream on very short loops Higher frequencies attenuate rapidly Bandwidth (Mbps) 60 40 20 Convergence of all profiles between 1500 and 2000 feet Convergence at ~1500 feet Useful for MDU applications - Loop Length (26 AWG, White noise) 19

VDSL2 Rate/Reach Comparison: 8b vs. 12a, Upstream Bandwidth (Mbps) 70 Profile 8b 60 50 40 30 20 10 - Profile 12a Upstream convergence at 4500 feet Profile 12 supports higher upstream rates over shorter loops Significant difference on loops below 2500 feet Modest improvement in upstream between 2500 and 4500 feet (200-400 kbps) Convergence at ~4500 ft No difference on loops longer than 4500 feet Loop Length (26 AWG, White noise) 20

VDSL2 Bonding Like ADSL2+ bonding, VDSL2 bonding bonds two pairs together to yield a single circuit PTM mode results in less overhead loss PTM option also available in some vendors ADSL2 equipment Reach of VDSL2 is extended Performance expectations Bonded VDSL2 extends reach of 100 Mbps service Up to 2,000 or even 2,500 feet At least for now, VDSL2 bonded modems will deliver a maximum of 100 Mbps Bonding capable modems are only now starting to be delivered by CPE vendors Early models will probably bond on profile 8 only 21

The promise of Bonding Bandwidth (Mbps) 100 80 60 40 20 - Theoretical limits of bonding. Actual rate and reach will vary. Single Pair VDSL2 Bonded VDSL2 VDSL2 bonding holds significant potential 100 Mbps up to 2000 ft 50 Mbps up to 4500 ft Larger CSA drives significant cost savings Fewer network elements Shorter spans for network power CPE only just now becoming available Loop Length (ft) 22

VDSL2 Deployment Optimal solution meets service requirements at lowest cost Bandwidth requirements: 50 Mbps downstream Max loop length: 5,000 ft Technology considerations: VDSL2 bonding Integrated VOIP for OPEX minimization 5kft CSA 50Mbps New cross connect points 24

VDSL2 Deployment Wall Mount IP- DLC If cross connect cabinets are already in place, consider sealed unit deployments Up to four units per cross connect box Easy access to OSP pairs Line powering option Local power option Integrated VOIP 5kft CSA 50Mbps Another option is to deploy small FTTN cabinets Pole or wall mount Integrated cross connect options Line or local power 25

VDSL2 Deployment GR487 FTTN Cabinetized VDSL2 solutions Scalability Up to 480 lines or more of VDSL2 and VOIP Integrated cross connect option 2:1 cross connect Service diversity T1, HDSL2, HDSL4, Specials 10GE transport Pole mount or pad mount Pole mount for ROW deployments 5kft CSA 50Mbps ODC-100 with integrated cross connect ODC-1000 with integrated cross connect 26

Long Term Fiber Access Migration Convert customers to fiber access over time VDSL2 migration takes fiber forward last mile is no longer an economic barrier Demand based migration Upsell to ultra-premium IPTV and HSI Demand based installation ensure cooperative customers FTTN Cabinet with GPON or AE upgrade option 27

Small CSA: Wall Mount Sealed IPDLC Wall mount sealed IPDLCs cost effectively deliver VDSL2 services to low line size CSAs Look for GE transport and daisy-chain capability for fiber efficiency Integrated VOIP support to minimize maintenance of POTS lines ADSL2+ fallback for long loops Remote powering option eliminates the need for AC power meters VDSL2 w/adsl2+ Fallback Integrated PhyR, SELT/DELT ADSL2+ VDSL2\ADSL2+ Combo Combo 12 Subscriber Ports E3-12C 28

Medium CSA: Pizza Box IPDLC New CSA without preexisting cross connect opens up additional deployment option Deploy pizza box IP DLCs in GR487 enclosure Ease of maintenance Integrated cross connect simplifies deployment Line power option Or -48VDC local power Combo option with VOIP Network VOIP 29

Large CSAs: Chassis Based IP DLCs Larger CSAs (>200 lines) are best served by highly scalable chassis based IP DLCs Higher line sizes areas are more likely to include special circuit requirements T1, HDSL, etc. Consolidate services onto multiservice access platform for operational efficiency 30

Calix VDSL2 Solutions Summary Calix VDSL2 solutions cover the full range of loop lengths and applications MDU and FTTC (short loops) Rural BBDLC (long loop, low density BBDLC (long loops) Application E3 E5 C7 MDU FTTC BBDLC Rural BBDLC 9kft 2.5kft 1.5kft 75Mbps 50Mbps 13Mbps Cost optimized for all- ComboV deployment model All Calix VDSL2 platforms support combo (VOIP) 31

Vectoring Vectoring is the common term for DSM Level 3, and is intended to eliminate cross talk in a VDSL2 binder group Elimination of cross talk leads to higher throughput With vectoring, VDSL2 throughput approaches that of lab simulations with white noise (no cross talk) Vectored VDSL2 yields the greatest results in shorter loops Following example shows lab rate reach curves of a white noise test and a test with disturbers This example shows the expected benefit of vectoring as cross talk due to disturbers is vectored out of the binder group 33

Benefit of VDSL2 Vectoring Bandwidth (Mbps) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Maximum benefit with short loops Rate and reach with vectoring begins to approach white noise performance of copper loop Non-Vectored Vectored Benefit of vectoring declines with loop length 10 - - 0.5k 1.0k 1.5k 2.0k 2.5k 3.0k 3.5k 4.0k 4.5k 5.0k 5.5k 6.0k 6.5k 7.0k 7.5k 8.0k Loop Length 34

Vectoring Challenges Vectoring is an all or nothing technology All the pairs in a binder group must be vectored If just one pair in the binder group is not vectored, then the benefits of vectoring are eliminated Vectoring calculations are enormously complex Real-time loop state data flow for a 25 pair binder group can be up to 5 gigabits per second Binder groups that span line cards or platforms require sharing of loop state data between line cards or platforms Cross-platform vectoring challenge how to share 5 Gbps of information between line cards or between platforms 35

Cross Platform Vectoring Common binder group Common binder group, common system Vectoring calculations are performed locally Crosstalk Cross binder group Cross binder group, multiple systems Vectoring calculations are distributed; inter-platform vectoring coordination data rate can exceed 5 Gbps per 24 port system or line card Crosstalk 36

Phantom Mode Bonding Phantom mode bonding is not related to vectoring But will probably require vectoring for best results Think of it as virtual 3-pair bonding Requires two physical pairs DSLAM and CPE must support phantom mode Each pair trains up and passes data. The pair of pairs constitutes the third pair This third pair can pass traffic independent of two physical pairs See diagram next slide 37

Phantom Mode virtual 3-pair bonding Bonding VDSL2 Modem Pair 1 Pair 2 P. Bonding VDSL2 Modem Pair 1 Pair 2 Pair 3 DSLAM and CPE must both support phantom mode bonding Intellectual property issues exist and need to be resolved before chipset vendors embrace this technology 38

Conclusions After much anticipation, VDSL2 is finally ready for mass market Chipset vendors are not investing in any new versions of DSL Investment is focused on tweaks such as vectoring Leverage VDSL2 to bring fiber forward to prepare for eventual migration to FTTP VDSL2 as a bridge technology to GPON or AE Plan for deployment of practical technology options Bonding: Soon to be a valuable option for VDSL2 reach extension Vectoring: Promising, but complexity poses a challenge Phantom Mode: A science project so far; chipset vendors will need to address intellectual property issues before productizing a solution 40

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