IPD, Lean and BIM: Hype or the Real Deal? Retail Contractors Association 2012 Annual Meeting Michael Stark AGC of America
What Are BIM, Lean and IPD? The Next 45 Minutes How Are They Tied Together? Should You Care About Any of These? How Can You Get Up-To-Speed?
BIM = Building Information Modeling What Is BIM? Software simulation of design, construction, and facility operation Virtual Design & Construction BIM is VDC + Analysis, Operations, etc. BIM is a process not a software! (10% technology / 90% sociology) Data-Rich Computer Model Can truly be a collaborative process, which means interdependencies are created
What Is BIM? Digital Object-Oriented Process Intelligent Collision Detection Integrated Project Data Linked Parametric Information Data-Rich Building Information Modeling (BIM) Coordination There are so many definitions! Collaboration Enhanced Visualization Data Sharing Interoperability Virtual Time Machine
3D (Three Dimensional) Definition: 3D modeling refers to the creation of three-dimensional objects that are defined mathematically and geometrically 3D (L X W X H) Project Geometry. Visualization & Design Assist Collision Detection & Coordination Constructibility Review Digital As-Built Record Documents Size, location and intelligent attributes of objects. Objects may be linked to each other to form a spatial relationship. Paper documents generated from 3D Model Models from different disciplines may be linked together to form a federated model.
4D (Four Dimensional) (3D + Time) Model & Schedule Linked Coordinate complex sequencing & phasing issues Evaluate site logistics needs and work flow Discover hidden logic flaws in the schedule
5D (Five Dimensional) Model with quantity and cost data input and extracted. BIM Terminology 4D + quantity & cost = 5D Composite Model With Roof Hidden With Walls Displayed Windows Isolated Quantity Takeoff (QTO) Options Analysis Material Analysis QTO: Window Panel Schedule
Embedded Knowledge Quantities of all materials linked directly to databases Data-Rich Model enables accurate quantity survey of materials Cost implications of design changes can be understood in real time
Collaborative BIM BIM Terminology Model is developed collaboratively with the owner, design team, construction team, and others all contributing. Non-collaborative BIM Model is not developed collaboratively, and the construction team must develop its own model based on the information provided by the design team in construction documents. Contractor has greater control over information in model.
Think of spatial coordination as a spatial spell check for a building's components: Equipment; Fixtures; Pipes; Ducts; Conduits; Structural Members; Architectural Features Get started early because it can take a lot longer than you anticipate Get input from all trades early Consider running meetings live Spatial Coordination It is going to be a challenge getting a group of 10-15 strangers to interact & collaborate
Benefit: Predict Costs Early 5D BIM provides early reliable and defendable costing, backed up from a commercial database or your company s own historical cost database.
Benefit: Evaluate Alternatives Design alternatives can be completed to provide real-time cost comparisons of building envelopes, MEP systems, structural systems, levels of interior finish out, alternate sites, different parking ratios, and landscaping proportions. Granite and Glass Cladding Glass and Spandrel Glass Cladding 3 12
Benefit: Save Time & Money A way of saving costs associated with producing conceptual budgets Traditional Estimating vs. 240 hours (2 estimators, 120 hrs) Deliverable: Project cost estimate 5D BIM 20 hours Deliverable: Project cost estimate and Project Pro Forma Design Criteria Document 3D Model That's a 92% man-hour reduction! Source: Beck Technology, using DProfiler
Getting Started with BIM Understand the advantages that BIM would have for your firm Understand where BIM is in your market and what your customers are doing Select the right BIM software based on compatibility: Internal needs and preferences Other software used Current and future customers and market Get training for key people Re-engineer internal processes and procedures to take advantage of this new tool
Simplicity What to Look for in a BIM Tool Functionality Interoperability/Collaborativeness Vendor Longevity Support/Training Environment
Technology, Software, Staffing Staffing? Learning curves? Interoperability costs? Barriers/Challenges Paradigm Shift Different way of doing business Traditional contract terms tailored to paper-based practices Earlier collaboration necessary Legal Concerns Who should pay for the model? Who owns the model? Who is responsible for accuracy of the model?
Guidelines to Consider Motivation Drives Use of BIM BIM doesn t change contractual roles Can facilitate more collaboration Supportive environment without it, you won t get far Build critical mass of BIM knowledge Collaborative effort
Why Use BIM? Improve customer experience Enhance productivity Optimize schedule Provide effective collaboration
Origins of Lean Production Manufacturing philosophy which shortens the timeline between customer order and product shipment by eliminating waste Modeled after the Toyota Production System (TPS) Lean Construction is not Lean Production
Origins of Lean Construction Transformation, Flow and Value Theory developed to understand production in construction Workflow Reliability Real-world efforts at productivity improvements and weekly planning failures
Last Planner System LPS is: An outcome product of LEAN Construction Starting with milestones & working backwards Getting team member buy in Optimizing the overall project
Lean Benefits Lower Costs Fewer Delays Better Safety Less Surprises Less Waste Constructor / Designer / Owner Satisfaction
Benefits of Team Buy-in Develop Realistic Schedules Take Ownership Make Better Planners Proactive not Reactive
Planning, Controlling, Correcting SHOULD CAN WILL DID Master Scheduling Phase Scheduling Pull Planning Lookahead Planning 6 Week Look Ahead Weekly Work Planning Learning Why work didn t get done Set milestones Specify handoffs Make Work Ready - Removal of Constraints Coordination & Commitment - Promises Measure PPC & Act on reasons for failure to keep promises
Pull Planning Session Integrating BIM in Pull Planning
What is Pull? This means no one upstream should produce a good or service until the customer downstream asks for it. Products and services are created only on demand in other words, don t make it until the next guy needs it.
Types of Waste (Muda) 1. Transportation (moving products that is not actually required to perform the processing) 2. Inventory (all components, work in process and finished product not being processed) 3. Motion (people or equipment moving or walking more than is required to perform the processing) 4. Waiting (waiting for the next production step)
Types of Waste (Muda) 5. Overproduction (production ahead of demand) 6. Over Processing (resulting from poor tool or product design creating non-value added activity) 7. Defects (the effort involved in inspecting for and fixing defects) 8. Underutilization of Resources (not following up or implementing ideas or suggestions)
Lean Assembly Waste Reduction Deliver material Just-In-Time (JIT) Reduce multiple handling by erecting from the truck
Prefabrication Lean Supply
Lean Design & BIM Work Structuring
Lean Construction Enabling Tools Last Planner System BIM (Lean Design) Offsite fabrication & JIT (Lean Supply) Value Chain Mapping (Lean Assembly) Daily Crew Huddles (Lean Assembly)
A New Way of Planning Traditional Thought Leadership dictates direction Planning is partitioned by trades/disciplines and is linear. It is predictive and generally fixed, setting parameters for management Management controls are inflexible, autocratic - processes are fixed and measures are isolated and generally historical Lean Thought Leadership facilitates collaborative direction Planning is collaborative, project based and seeks to integrate efforts to eliminate negative iterations. It learns as project evolves Management develops a network of commitments to implement plan, evolves intelligence, measures are integrated and proactive
Summary Lean Construction Improves how work is managed in planning, designing, constructing, operating, and using built environments Offers three opportunities for implementation, depending typically on the project procurement system used (DBB, CMAR, DB, IPD, etc.) Is learned by doing Is adopted by eliminating waste, followed by using the LPS
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) Definition: IPD is a project delivery method distinguished by a contractual agreement between a minimum of the owner, design professional, and builder where risk and reward are shared and stakeholder success is dependent on project success. (from AIA-AIA CC IPD Guide)
Building Information Modeling Lean Design and Construction Catalysts for IPD a
Industry Convergence Lean/ Economic Pressures You Are Here Building Information Modeling (BIM) Project Delivery including IPD Sustainability
Three Levels of Collaboration Collaboration Level 3 Contractual IPD Collaboration Level 2 Enhanced CM at-risk or DB Collaboration Level 1 Traditional CM at-risk or DB
Collaboration: IPD
Forces Driving Change Waste / Lack of Productivity Technological Evolution Owner Demand Sustainability Lean Design and Construction
Contractual Principles Key Participants Bound Together as Equals Shared Financial Risk/Reward Based on Project Outcome Liability Waivers between Key Participants Fiscal Transparency between Key Participants Early Involvement of Key Participants Intensified Design Jointly Developed Project Target Criteria Collaborative Decision Making
Behavioral Principles Mutual Respect and Trust Willingness to Collaborate Open Communication
Use on a pilot project Summary / Recommendations When appropriate, increase collaboration Stay connected and learn from others
BIM BIMForum: www.bimforum.org BIM Education Program: www.agc.org/bimep Resources Lean Construction AGC Lean Construction Forum: www.agcleanforum.org Lean Construction Education Program: www.agc.org/lcep Lean Construction Institute: www.leanconstruction.org IPD Project Delivery Page: www.agc.org/projectdelivery
QUESTIONS? Mike Stark AGC of America (703) 837-5365 starkm@agc.org