Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

A Survey On Enhance Security and Tracking System for School Bus and Children 1 Vishaka Asundkar and 2 Prof S. P. Godse, 1 ME Student, 2 Professsor, 1,2 Department of Computer Engineering, Sinhgad Academy of Engineering, Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Abstract: This paper presents a system to monitor pickup/drop-off of school children to enhance the safety of children during the daily transportation from and to school. The system consists of three main units, a bus unit, parent unit and a school unit. The bus unit the system is used to detect when a child boards or leaves the bus. This information is communicated to the parent unit as well as school unit that identifies which of the children did and did not board or leave the bus and issues an alert message accordingly. The notification or SMS like the students whose next stop is, that is sent to the parent unit who stays on the next stop. Also the students reached the school or the student is leaving from school notification or SMS is sent to the parent unit. The system has developed an android as well as web-based database application that facilities its management and provides useful information about the children to the parents and authorization. The system also tracks the school bus by the GPS when the school unit wants to and also gets an alert to the school unit if the bus crosses the speed limit while driving the school bus. The results show that the system is used for daily transportation safety mainly for the students. Keywords- RFID Tag, RFID Reader, Microcontroller Arduino, GPS, Android/Web Application. I. INTRODUCTION School bus transfers millions of children daily in various countries around the world. The students begin and end their day with a trip on a school bus. School buses are the safest way to get to and from school. Riding a bus to school is 13 times safer than riding in the family bus and 10 times safer than walking. An increased concern amongst parents today is the safety of their children on the way to school and back home. Children Tracking system is widely used all over the world to assure parents that their wards are safe from suspicious actions and their kid is happy in school atmosphere without crying. While there many issues that might disturb the parents regarding the travel safety of school going children, the paper intends to look into introducing access safety in respect of school buses through bus tracking system that will help the school children s transportation in a secure and safer way. The supervision of the regularity of students during their entry and exit from the bus is difficult to be controlled by drivers, which led to endangering child safety. The phenomenon of forgetting kids in the bus, kids who is sometime late on the stop are some of the problems suffered by the children and parents too, which has increased significantly in recent years. The ability to track, trace and control anything by anyone from anywhere on the planet has been mankind s unfulfilled desire. The usefulness of GPS has made them popular in their own context. Integrating these technologies can prove to be a flamboyant solution for many unsolved problems. Multi tracking system is the combination of these two technologies. The motivation for Multi-Tracking System is the desire for advanced features in an inexpensive receiver. Currently there is no single system that integrates all tracking and tracing of any movable objects, there are applications but all of them are separate so to integrating all of them was the source of motivation. GPS tracking systems are used to track anyone and anything these days. Technology has rapidly advanced in the past few years and it has become very easy for the average person to use a tracking system. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 reviews the most relevant work to this paper. In section 3, includes the literature survey done for this paper. Section 4 includes the detailed description of the proposed system. Finally, section 5 concludes the paper. II. RELATED WORK This section presents the most related work to the problem addressed by this paper. In a system is proposed to track The most related work to the problem addressed by this paper is in, a system proposed to track the children using a child module that transmits the tracking information to a database and a mobile device. The disadvantages of this system are that the module may not be convenient for children and wide-scale deployment is also expensive. The system is divided into two main units: bus unit that is located inside the school bus, and a school unit that is located inside the school. The bus unit is for detecting the child when he boards or leaves the bus and then this information is sent to the school unit. The school unit is the central unit where it collects data from all the buses, adds them to the system database, checks if there are missing children, and it sends a text message notification to their parents. The message is sent using GSM modem which is placed in the bus connected to the microcontroller. It can cost more by using the GSM modem. So the system goes expensive by the microcontroller and the GSM modem for the SMS gateway communication with the parent. The major disadvantage here can be the students given a specified time to be on their stops, if they are late then they can be missed the bus and can be late for school. III. LITERATURE SURVEY In the literature survey we did the survey of certain systems which are common used in school bus tracking systems worldwide that is bus tracking system and the problems parents suffered while their children traveling Available Online@ 272

to and from school, we just studied their working and tried to add unique features and disadvantages about them and tried to learn something new from each system. Following are some literature survey of the Hardware Platform going to use: A. RFID Technology: RFID readers are devices that wirelessly communicate with tags to identify the item connected to each tag and possibly associate the tagged item with related data. In other words, readers send electromagnetic signal to the tag and read its response. They generally transmit their observations to a controller and a computer system running RFID software. The antenna of the RFID reader emits radio signals to activate the tag. When an RFID tag passes through the electromagnetic zone, it detects the reader's activation signal. The reader decodes the data encoded in the tag's integrated circuit (silicon chip) and the data is passed to the host computer for processing. See Figure1. B. Microcontroller Arduino: It's an open-source physical computing platform based on a simple microcontroller board, and a development environment for writing software for the board. Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects, taking inputs from a variety of switches or sensors, and controlling a variety of lights, motors, and other physical outputs. The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It has 54 digital input/output pins (of which 14 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. Specifications and Features of Arduino Mega 2560 Some of the detailed technical specification is mentioned below:- Operating voltage of 5 V. 16 MHz clock speed. The number of digital I/O's pins is 54. The number of analog input pins is 16. 4 hardware serial ports. Flash Memory: 32 KB SRAM: 2 KB EPROM: 1 KB Clock Speed: 16 MHZ Figure 1: RFID operation RFID Reader and Tag Properties The ID-12 comes with internal antennas. RFID-12 has read range of 12 cm. RFID reader needs 5 VDC power. RFID-12 sends 125 KHZ signal to power tags. Each tag sends back a unique 12 digit hex serial number. What set a microcontroller apart from other processors are special circuits to deal with the needs of real time applications. There is an important feature of Arduino which is Software Serial library that allows for serial communication on any of the Mega s digital pins. The Arduino 2560 has a host of such features intended to maximize system reliability, minimize cost through elimination of external components, provide power saving operating modes and offer code protection. These features as illustrated in Figure 4are: Figure 2: RFID Reader Passive RFID tag is cheaper, smaller, and it does not need battery. Passive RFID tags lasts for longer time than active tags. RFID technology does not require a line of sight. RFID tags can stand in a harsh environment Reset button Digital I/O Power pins Analog inputs Voltage regulator In-circuit serial programming FTDI USB chip and USB jack Power jack ICSP header Figure 3: RFID Tag Figure 4: Arduino Mega 2560 Available Online@ 273

The Arduino can be used to develop stand-alone interactive objects or it can be connected to a computer to retrieve or send data to the Arduino and then act on that data. The Arduino is an amazing device. Users can us to make many things from interactive works of art to robots. With a little enthusiasm to learn how to program the Arduino and make it interact with other components a well as a bit of imagination. Users can build many things. C. GPS information). For the Parents to get Notification we will make an Android Application for all the parents too. In the system we are also going to have a GPS Tracking System where the parents and the school unit can track the bus i.e. Live Tracking by their android application as shown in the Figure 5. GPS stands for global system positioning. It was first developed by the United States department of defence for military purposes such as target location, espionage and intelligence collection. It was later sanctioned for use by common civilians for free. The GPS system comprises of a fleet of satellites that orbit the earth in a geo synchronous manner. In order to determine a location on the earth s surface, at least three satellites are required to accurately triangulate the exact position based on the latitudelongitude imaginary lines. In addition to giving the location of a GPS receiver on the earth s surface, GPS gives other parameters such as altitude, speed, course, number of satellites communicating and so on. GPS is a multiple satellite based radio positioning system in which each GPS satellite transmits data that allows user to precisely measure the distance from the selected satellite to his antenna and to compute position, velocity and time parameters to high degree of accuracy. GPS delivers with high sensitivity and accuracy with low power consumption. IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM We are presenting a bus safety management system which is designed to control the entering and exiting of students to and from the bus. This system does several tasks, including identifying personal information (Example: Name, Class, Address and etc) of each student using RFID tag, which will exchange the data with the RFID reader via radio waves. This will let the driver to know the number of students entered the bus and the students who departed from the bus. Moreover, the system has an emergency system that will alert in case if there is a child inside the bus after the bus stops at the destination by sending a Notification to the School Unit as well Bus Unit. In addition, if the bus departs and arrive successful from the source to destination, it will inform the management through a notification about its successful departure and arrival is done. In addition, if the bus crosses the speed limit while traveling the bus, the alert notification message will be send directly to the School Unit. School Unit will have the web application and the android application where it will notify each and every moment of the bus to the admin. There is also one more unit proposed in this system i.e. the Parent Unit, in the Parent Unit when a child successfully arrived and departed from source to the destination the Notification is sent to the Parent Unit (Example: Your child is arrived into the bus with the name and time when he arrived). In addition, when the bus is at one source or the stop then the Notification is send to the Parent Unit staying at the next source i.e. having next stop (Example: The next stop is yours with drivers System Objectives: Figure 5: System Architecture 1. To explore the wireless technologies to connect the buses, bus stops and the students. 2. To monitor the daily transportation of the school bus for pick up/drop off of children. 3. To enhance the daily transportation of the school bus to and from the school. 4. To provide a database to store students, staff, bus drives, peons information. 5. To provide security and safety for the school children traveling into the school bus. 6. Automatically detecting when the child broads or leaves the bus. 7. To develop user friendly interfaces for access real time transit data. A. RFID Tag RFID tag consists of microchip which stores the ID number, name and more detail of the Child. When the RFID tag is powered by the 125 KHz frequency signal, the data which are stored in the microchip will be sent through the magnetic signal to the reader. See Figure 6 Figure 6: RFID tag Circuit RFID tag is a passive tag and not reprogrammable (read only) type. That is because the Data is stored in ROM memory. So, we cannot change, delete, or add to the information stored in the microchip of the RFID tag. Available Online@ 274

B. RFID Reader For suitable use, the breakout board was soldered with the RFID-12 reader using soldering iron in order to be connected to the Arduino in a safe and professional. The ID-12 RFID reader requires +5V (pin 2, 11), ground (pin 1, 7), and serial communication (pin 9) to send The ID to the Arduino. Refer to Figure7 information about students and their relatives, buses and drivers. On the other hand, each parent can view the status of his/her children if they board/leave the bus in the morning and afternoon. The GPS based Bus tracking can be done on both school unit as well as parent unit. But school unit can track all the buses while the parents unit can be able to track the bus in which his/her child is there. The tracking System is done by Live Tracking. E. Web Based Application Figure 7: RFID ID-12 Reader and Arduino After the communication between RFID reader and the Microcontroller, the Microcontroller Arduino will save the data on the Server and also inform the child s moments and bus moments to the particular parent of that child and also the admin. C. GPS Module Arduino GPS shield is a GPS module bread out board designed for Global Positioning System receiver with SD interface. The GPS system comprises of a fleet of satellites that orbit the earth in a geo synchronous manner. In order to determine a location on the earth s surface, at least three satellites are required to accurately triangulate the exact position based on the latitude-longitude imaginary lines. The Arduino GPS shield will track to a satellite to give us the speed of the vehicle and the speed limit of the particular area. The essential part in our system is the databasedriven web-based application to manipulate the system, update, and query the database. Here Web Based Application is only made for the Administrator. Where the administrator can add, modify, delete or view information about students and their relatives, buses and drivers. Here the same Alerts will notify at the admin part as mentioned in the Android Based Application for administrator. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE Problems occurred now days for child s safety have become a major concerning issue for the parents and school too. This paper proposes to develop an RFID-based system that aims at enhancing the safety of children during the daily bus trip to and from the school. RFID-based detection unit located inside the bus detects the RFID tags worn by the children. It then sends the relevant data to the system database server via the Microcontroller Arduino. The system checks and detects which child did not board or leave the bus and issues an alert message to this effect. In addition, the system checks the children attendance and updates the database. The parents can log into the Application and monitor the details of their children. Our Future Scope includes the real time implementation of the proposed system with the additional features like parking management system for the school buses and more in an effective manner. References Features Figure 8: Arduino GPS Receiver 1. Active antenna design with high receives sensitivity, compatible normal antenna. 2. Extremely fast time to first fix at low signal level. 3. UART (universal asynchronous receive transmit) interface. 4. 5V/3.3V compatible operation voltage level. D. Android Based Application There are 2 android application one for admin and the one for the parents with the parent user id and password. The administrator can add, modify, delete or view [1] Proceedings of the 8th IEEE GCC Conference and Exhibition, Muscat, Oman, 1-4 February, 2015 RFID-based System for School Children Transportation Safety Enhancement Anwaar Al-Lawati, Shaikha Al- Jahdhami, Asma Al-Belushi, Dalal Al-Adawi, MedhatAwadalla and Dawood Al-Abri Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, [2] International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information & Communication Technology (ICEEICT) 2014 Improvement of RFID Tag Detection Using Smart Antenna For Tag Based School Monitoring System, SabiraKhanam, MalihaMahbub, AnuradhaMandal, M. Shamim Kaiser and Shamim Al Mamun Institute of Information Technology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh [3] International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.3, No.3, June 2013 Design and Development of GPS-GSM Based Tracking System With GOOGLE MAP Based Monitoring, PankajVerma 1, J.S Bhatia 2Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Mohali, Punjab, India, Available Online@ 275

[4] Saranya J, Selvakumar, J "Implementation of children tracking system on android mobile terminals" Communications and Signal Processing (ICCSP), 2013 International Conference on, vol., no., pp.961,965, 3-5 April 2013. [5] IJERA, Vol. 2, Issue 3, May-Jun 2012, pp.1978-1982 Land Vehicle Tracking Application on Android Platform Ramesh Chandra Gadri, AnkitaChavan, ReemaSonawane, SujataKamble. Guide: BhagyashreeAlhat, Kavitha S Nair. Department of Computer Engineering, MAE Alandi, University of Pune, Maharashtra, India. Available Online@ 276