Cancer of the Colon and Rectum



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Cancer of the Colon and Rectum The colon is also called the large bowel or large intestine. It is the lower 5 to 6 feet of the digestive system. The last 8 to 10 inches of the colon is the rectum. Colon cancer, sometimes called colorectal cancer, is cancer that starts in the large intestine or rectum. Cancer cells are abnormal cells. Cancer cells grow and divide more quickly than healthy cells. Some cancer cells may form growths called tumors. All tumors increase in size, but some tumors grow quickly, others slowly. Some cancer cells spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. Signs Cancer of the colon and rectum often has no signs. See your doctor if you have any of these signs: Dark or bright red blood in or on the stool Diarrhea or constipation that does not go away or other change in bowel habits Pain in the lower abdomen Loss of weight for no reason Feel tired or lack energy Stools are more narrow than usual for more than a few days. This may be from a tumor in the rectum. 1

Cancer ng Colon at Rectum Ang colon ay tinatawag din na malaking bituka. Ito ay mas maikli sa 5 o 6 na piye ng digestive system. Ang huling 8 hanggang 10 pulgada ng colon ay ang rectum. Ang colon cancer, ay paminsan-minsang tinatawag na colorectal cancer, ay cancer na nagsisimula sa malaking bituka o rectum. Ang mga cancer cell ay mga abnormal na cell. Mas mabilis na tumutubo at nahahati ang mga cancer cell kaysa sa malulusog na cell. Ang ilang cancer cell ay maaaring tumubo na tinatawag na mga tumor. Ang lahat ng tumor ay lumalaki, ngunit ang ilang tumor ay mabilis na tumutubo, ang iba ay mabagal. Ang ilang cancer cell ay kumakalat sa ibang bahagi ng katawan sa pamamagitan ng dugo at lymph system. Butas sa puwit Tumbong Malaking bituka Mga senyales Kadalasang walang mga senyales ang cancer sa colon at rectum. Magpatingin sa iyong doktor kung mayroon ka ng anuman sa mga senyales na ito: Maitim o matingkad na pulang dugo sa dumi Pagtatae o pagtitibi na hindi naaalis o ibang pagbabago sa kinagawiang pagdumi Pananakit sa may puson Pagbabawas ng timbang na walang dahilan Napapagod o kinukulangan ng lakas Mas kakaunti ang dumi kaysa sa dati nang higit sa ilang araw. Maaaring ito ay mula sa isang tumor sa rectum. Cancer of the Colon and Rectum. Tagalog. 1

Types of Tumors Tumors found in the colon or rectum can be benign or malignant. Benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body. They can be removed by surgery. Cysts are benign tumors that contain fluid. Malignant tumors may grow into the nearby tissues, organs or blood. Your Care Tests If your doctor thinks you may be at risk for cancer, you may have some of these tests: Physical exam with a rectal exam where the doctor inserts a lubricated gloved finger into the rectum to feel for lumps. Sigmoidoscopy where a thin, flexible tube is put into the rectum to let the doctor see inside the lower part of the colon. Colonoscopy where a thin, flexible tube is put into the rectum to let the doctor see the entire length of the colon. Samples of tissue are removed for testing, called a biopsy. Barium enema where liquid barium and air is put into the rectum to see the colon on x-ray. Blood tests to check blood loss and how well the liver is working. If tumors are found, your doctor may order x-rays, CT scans and other types of blood tests to see if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. 2

Mga uri ng Tumor Ang mga tumor na matatagpuan sa colon o rectum ay maaaring hindi malala o napakalala. Mga hindi malalang tumor hindi kumakalat sa ibang bahagi ng katawan. Maaaring alisin ang mga iyon sa pamamagitan ng operasyon. Ang mga cyst ay mga tumor na hindi malala na naglalaman ng likido. Mga napakalalang tumor ay maaaring tumubo sa mga kalapit na tissue, mga bahagi ng katawan o dugo. Ang iyong Pangangalaga Mga pagsusuri Kung sa palagay ng iyong doktor na may panganib ka ng kanser, maaari mong isagawa ang ilan sa mga pagsusuring ito: Pisikal na pagsusuri na may kasamang rectal na pagsusuri kung saan ang doktor ay nagpapasok ng daliring naka-guwantes na nilangisan papasok sa rectum para salatin ang mga bukol. Sigmoidoscopy kung saan ang isang manipis, nababaluktot na tubo ay ipinapasok sa rectum para makita ng doktor ang loob ng mas mababang bahagi ng colon. Colonoscopy kung saan ang isang manipis, nababaluktot na tubo ay ipinapasok sa rectum para makita ng doktor ang kabuuang haba ng colon. Ang mga sample ng tissue ay tinatanggal para sa pagsusuri, ay tinatawag na biopsy. Barium enema kung saan ang likidong barium at hangin ay ipinapasok sa rectum para makita ang colon sa x-ray. Mga pagsusuri ng dugo para suriin ang kabawasan ng dugo at kung gaanong kabuti gumagana ang atay. Kung matagpuan ang mga tumor, maaaring mag-utos ang iyong doktor ng mga x- ray, CT scan at ibang uri ng mga pagsusuri ng dugo para makita kung kumalat ang cancer sa ibang bahagi ng katawan. Cancer of the Colon and Rectum. Tagalog. 2

Treatment After all of your tests are done, your doctor will talk to you about treatments that are best for you. Treatment may include: Surgery to remove the tumor. The kind of surgery will depend on the location and size of the tumor. Often, the part of the colon with cancer is removed. Radiation therapy to stop or slow the growth of cancer. It is often used after surgery to destroy any cancer cells that may remain. Chemotherapy medicines to kill cancer cells. These medicines are given by mouth, by injection into a muscle or vein, or directly into the affected organ to treat cancer. These medicines help kill cancer cells. Immunotherapy may also be called biotherapy. This treatment uses natural substances made by the body s immune system. This kills cancer cells, slows their growth or helps the immune system fight the cancer in a better way. You may have one or more cancer treatments. Some patients have surgery followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Follow-up Care Regular visits to your doctor are important. Your care at these visits may include blood tests, CT scans, chest x-rays or other tests. Report any problems to your doctor between visits. Talk to your doctor or nurse if you have any questions or concerns. 2008 1/2012 Health Information Translations Unless otherwise stated, user may print or download information from www.healthinfotranslations.org for personal, non-commercial use only. The medical information found on this website should not be used in place of a consultation with your doctor or other health care provider. You should always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health care provider before you start or stop any treatment or with any questions you may have about a medical condition. Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Mount Carmel Health System, OhioHealth and Nationwide Children s Hospital are not responsible for injuries or damages you may incur as a result of your stopping medical treatment or your failure to obtain medical treatment. 3

Paggagamot Pagkatapos isagawa ang lahat ng iyong pagsusuri, kakausapin ka ng iyong doktor tungkol sa mga paggagamot na mabuti para sa iyo. Maaaring kasama sa paggagamot ang: Operasyon para alisin ang tumor. Ang uri ng operasyon ay dedepende sa lokasyon at laki ng tumor. Kadalasan, ang bahagi ng colon na may cancer ay tinatanggal. Radiation therapy para pahintuin o pabagalin ang paglaki ng cancer. Kadalasang ginagamit ito pagkatapos ng operasyon para puksain ang anumang cancer cell na maaaring matira. Chemotherapy mga gamot para patayin ang mga cancer cell. Ang mga gamot na ito ay ipinapainom, sa pamamagitan ng pag-iniksyon sa kalamnan o ugat, o nang direkta sa apektadong bahagi ng katawan para gamutin ang cancer. Ang mga gamot na ito ay tumutulong sa pagpatay sa mga cancer cell. Immunotherapy ay maaari rin tawagin na biotherapy. Ang paggagamot na ito ay gumagamit ng mga natural na sustansyang nalilikha ng immune system ng katawan. Pinapatay nito ang mga cancer cell, pinababagal ang kanilang pagtubo o tinutulungan ang immune system na labanan ang cancer sa mas mainam na paraan. Maaaring magkaroon ka ng isa o mas maraming paggagamot sa cancer. Ang ilang pasyente ay nagpapa-opera na sinusundan ng therapy ng radiation o chemotherapy. Follow-up na Pangangalaga Regular na pagpapatingin sa iyong doktor ay mahalaga. Ang iyong pangangalaga sa mga pagpapatingin na ito ay maaaring kasama ang mga pagsusuri sa dugo, CT scan, chest x-ray o ibang pagsusuri. Iulat ang anumang problema sa iyong doktor sa pagitan ng mga pagpapatingin. Makipag-usap sa iyong doktor o nurse kung mayroon kang anumang katanungan o mga alalahanin. 2008 1/2012 Health Information Translations Unless otherwise stated, user may print or download information from www.healthinfotranslations.org for personal, non-commercial use only. The medical information found on this website should not be used in place of a consultation with your doctor or other health care provider. You should always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health care provider before you start or stop any treatment or with any questions you may have about a medical condition. Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Mount Carmel Health System, OhioHealth and Nationwide Children s Hospital are not responsible for injuries or damages you may incur as a result of your stopping medical treatment or your failure to obtain medical treatment. Cancer of the Colon and Rectum. Tagalog. 3