Florida Population Atlas 1 Table of Contents About the Florida Population Atlas... 2 Explanation of Florida Population Characteristics and Trends..2-5 Figures & Maps... 6-30 Florida Population Characteristics and Trends.. 6-17 Figure 1: *new* Florida s Racial Distribution, 2010.......6 Figure 2: *new* Florida s Ethnic Distribution, 2010......6 Figure 3: *new* Percent of Population by Race, US and Florida, 2010 (Doughnut).....7 Figure 4: *new* Percent of Population by Ethnicity, US and Florida, 2010 (Doughnut).....8 Figure 5: Percent of Population by Age Group, US and Florida, 2009......9 Figure 6: Percent of Population by Age Group, Selected Races, and Ethnicity, Florida, 2010.......10 Figure 7: Percent of Population by Age Group and Sex, Florida, 2010.....11 Figure 8: *new* Percent of Population by Age Group and Sex, US 2009 and Florida 2010........12 Figure 9: *new* Percent of Population by Age Group, Sex, Selected Races, and Ethnicity, Florida 2010.......13 Historical Population Trends...14-30 Figure 10: *new* Annual Percent Population Change, Florida, 1970-2010.........14 Figure 11 :*new* Percent Population Change by County Maps, 1970-1980, 1980-1990, 1990-2000, 2000-2010.......... 15 Figure 12: *new* Percent Population Change by County Map, 1970-2010......16 Figure 13: Florida Population by County, 1970 & 2010 (table).........17 Figure 14: Florida Population Estimates by Race, 1970-2010.......18 Figure 15: Florida Population Estimates by County, Large Counties, 1970 and 2010, Populations more than 500,000 People.......19 Figure 16: Florida Population Estimates by County, Medium Counties, 1970 and 2010, Populations between 100,000 and 500,000 People................20 Figure 17: Florida Population Estimates by County, Small Counties, 1970 and 2010, Populations less than 100,000 People............21 Figure 18: Years of Life Expectancy at Birth by Race and Sex, US Total and Florida, 1970-2007... 22 Figure 19: *new* 3-Year Life Expectancy by County Maps, Florida, 1978-1980, 1988-1990, 1998-2000, 2008-2010 (4-panel view).......23 Figure 20: Percent of Total Florida Population by Age Group, 1970 & 2010........24 Figure 21: *new* Percent of Population by Age Group and Sex, Florida, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 (4-panel view.....................25 Figure 22: Components of Population Change by County, Natural Increase and Net Migration, Large Counties, 1970-2010, Population more than 500,000 People.............26 Figure 23: Components of Population Change by County, Natural Increase and Net Migration, Medium Counties, 1970-2010, Population between 100,000 and 500,000 People.........27 Figure 24: Components of Population Change by County, Natural Increase and Net Migration, Small Counties, 1970-2010, Population less than 100,000 People..........28 Figure 25: *new* Population Change by Primary Reason Maps, 1970-1979, 1980-1989, 1990-1999, 2000-2009 (4-panel view)........29 Figure 26: Population Change by Primary Reason Map, 1970-2010...... 30 Definition of Terms in the Population Atlas....31-32
2 Florida Population Atlas Florida Population Atlas About the Population Atlas This section of the Florida Population Atlas provides an analysis of the population trends in Florida over the past 40 years. Maps, graphs, and charts are used to depict Florida s population growth from 1970 to 2010 by age, race, ethnicity, and sex. All files are provided in.pdf format for convenient printing. Categorizations of demographic characteristics have changed over time to reflect the unique racial and ethnic makeup of Florida s populations. Before 1980, only two racial categories were used in public documents: white and nonwhite. New racial categories include white, black and other. The ethnicity categories of Hispanic and non- Hispanic, used in birth and death data, were introduced in 1989. This Atlas uses the newest racial and ethnic categories. Because this Atlas was created in early 2012, the 2010 US Census files for some demographic characteristics were not available for comparison. When available, 2010 US counts were used; others use 2009 US population counts. These are noted on the maps, graphs, and charts. Population data is based upon the Florida Legislature, Office of Economic and Demographic Research 2010 release. Third quarter numbers are used in this Atlas to approximate the mid-year population in 2010. Florida Population Characteristics and Trends Florida in 2010 was 80.6% white, 16.5% black, and 2.9% other (Figure 1). Other, in this Atlas, encompasses all other races besides white and black. Florida s ethnic makeup is 22.1% Hispanic and 77.9% non-hispanic (Figure 2). In this Atlas, Hispanic follows the same definition as the US Census Bureau, which counts persons of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race 1. Florida has a small portion of other population compared to the United States and a larger portion of Hispanics (Figure 3 & 4). Florida s age distribution differs from that of other states and the United States overall. The largest 5-year age cohort for both sexes is 45-49 year olds (Figure 7), and Florida has a relatively older population compared to the United States (Figure 8). A common population trend also seen in Florida is that women are the dominant group in Florida after age 50, and men are dominant among the younger population. The age structures in Florida vary by race and ethnicity. The white population has a larger elderly cohort (65+) and a much smaller young population than any other group. Black males and females have the largest population of young people; their largest cohort is the 15-24 1 Census definition available here: http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-04.pdf
Florida Population Atlas 3 age group. Hispanic males and females, regardless of race, have the largest group of people between the ages 30-44 (Figure 9). Historical Population Trends Year Population Percent Change During the Previous Ten Years Percent Change Due to Natural Increase Percent Change Due to Net Migration 1970 8,851,176 36.7% 26.2% 73.8% 1980 9,840,317 43.6% 7.8% 92.2% 1990 13,029,114 32.4% 13.0% 87.0% 2000 16,074,896 23.4% 15.1% 85.0% 2010 18,788,795 16.9% 16.5% 83.5% Source: FloridaCHARTS; Florida Legislature, Office of Economic & Demographic Research; Florida Bureau of Vital Statistics Florida is a large and diverse state with over 18.7 million residents. The state experienced tremendous population growth until the late 2000s, with the population increasing by 195.7% from 1970 to 2010. The percentage of population growth has decreased continuously since the 1970s, with a small increase of 16.9% from 2000 to 2010. The 1990s was the third consecutive decade in which Florida s population grew by approximately 3 million residents. The period between 2000 and 2010 was unique for the United States because of the economic recession. Florida experienced a steep decline in the percent change of population growth after 2006-2007 (Figure 10). Miami-Dade County has continuously had the largest population since 1970. Liberty County is the least populous of all counties in Florida, with a population of just 8,221 in 2010 (Figure 13). Thirty-three of the 67 counties in Florida had fewer than 100,000 people in 2010. The racial makeup of Florida has had little change over the last 40 years. In 1970, the white population represented 84.3% of the population in Florida, compared to 80.6% in 2010. The black population in 1970 represented 15.3% of the population, whereas in 2010 that percentage increased just slightly to 16.5%. The other population was hardly noted in 1970, with less than 1% represented (0.4%). In 2010, their presence is recorded at 2.9%, a large jump from 1970 (Figure 14). Life expectancy is a measure often used to gauge the overall health of a population. As a summary measure of mortality, life expectancy represents the average number of years of life at birth that could be expected if current death rates were to remain constant. Shifts in life expectancy are often used to describe trends in mortality. Life expectancy at birth is strongly influenced by infant and child mortality. Improvements in nutrition, housing, hygiene, medical care, and prevention and control of infectious diseases contribute to decreases in death rates throughout the lifespan and the consequent increases in average life expectancy. Life expectancy in Florida surpassed that of the US in 2000 and continues to do so with a life expectancy in 2007 of 79.2 years of age. For thirty years before 2000, US and Florida life expectancy followed a similar positive trend. Florida white women have had a constant pattern of higher life expectancy than any other group in Florida, with a 2007 expectancy of 82.8 years. No other racial group has a life expectancy greater than 80 years. Black women and women of other races have recently approached the 80-year life expectancy threshold with a 2007 life expectancy of 78.9 years. White men have gained about 10 years in life expectancy since 1970,
4 Florida Population Atlas with a 2007 life expectancy of 76.8 years. Black men have had the largest improvement, with a 14-year life expectancy gain from 58.4 years in 1970 to 72.5 years in 2007 (Figure 18). With life expectancy growing, elderly cohorts will also grow. Florida s age distribution has changed dramatically in the last few decades. In 1970, the largest age populations were young, with 15-19-year-olds being the large age group and 5-9-year-olds with the next largest. This cohort of 5-9-year-olds in 1970 follows through the years as being the largest cohort in Florida (15-24 in 1980, 25-34 in 1990, 35-44 in 2000, 45-54 in 2010). In 1990, the youngest age group, 0-5 year olds, was the largest it had been since 1970. Overall, in 1970, those aged 0-19 years made up 34.1% of the total Florida population; in 2010, that age group represents 24.5% of Floridians. The 65+ elderly age group represented 14.7% of the population in 1970, and now represents 17.7% in 2010. Florida is the state with the largest proportion of elderly residents, compared to a US percentage of 13.8% in 2009 (Figure 21). Net Migration is a key component of population growth in Florida. It is defined as either in-migration or out-migration. In this Atlas, in-migrants are defined as anyone moving into a county; out-migrants are anyone moving out of a county. Most of Florida s counties rely heavily on migration for population change. Data on births and deaths are considered to be more reliable (and more likely to be available) than data on in-migration and out-migration; thus, one can only estimate the effects of the two migration processes on the growth of a population. In this Atlas, net migration is estimated using population estimates for two different years and births and deaths data for the period between those two years, as detailed in the following formula: Population Change - Natural Increase = Net Migration (2010 population 1970 population) (Births Deaths) (In-migrants Out-migrants) While this formula provides an estimate of net migration in Florida, it does mask trends in inmigration and out-migration. Between 1970 and 2006, migration in Florida accounted for over 80% of population growth. Starting in 2007, net migration for Florida as a whole fell sharply. Most counties in Florida have positive net migration, or more in-migrants than out-migrants. Only one county, Gadsden, had negative net migration, or more out-migrants than in-migrants. Natural increase, or the difference between the number of births and deaths, was Gadsden s source of population growth. The formula for natural increase is: Births - Deaths = Natural Increase If this number is negative it indicates a decrease in natural increase, or fewer births than deaths. The number of births and deaths, along with fertility and mortality rates, vary from place to place. In some areas of Florida, deaths actually outnumber births, mainly due to the high numbers of elderly people settling, and subsequently dying, in those areas. The Bureau of Vital Statistics maintains reliable data on births and deaths in Florida. Five counties in Florida attribute over 50% of their population growth from 1970 to 2010 to natural increase: Escambia, Gadsden, Hardee, Monroe, and Okaloosa. Escambia County is the only county that consistently accounted for a majority of its population change due to natural increase for each 10-year interval over the 40-year period (Figure 26). Before the 2000s, most of the counties with more natural increase were in the northern part of the state. During the 2000s, an equal number of both northern and southern counties experienced natural increase (Figure 25).
Florida Population Atlas 5 Population increased in all counties in Florida over the past 40 years, but the primary reason for the increase--whether it is natural increase or net migration--varied from county to county. In Florida overall, natural increase has always been a small component of population growth, staying below 20% since 1970. However, it has become a more important component since migration has slowed in the last 10 years. Note on how to read a Population Pyramid: Population Pyramids are used to show the distribution of males and females across age groups. To read a pyramid, first look at the legend to see what is being measured. Next, look at the x-axis to identify the units of measurement, and then up the pyramid and across to the y-axis to identify the age group. It also should be looked at as a pyramid, as the shape indicates the type of population growth that is occurring. This can be indicative of future trends in different parts of the life course for a certain geography. The purpose of an age pyramid is to show what age groups by sex account for what portion of a population. In Florida, this is of particular importance because the age structure is unique to the rest of the United States.
Florida's Racial Distribution 2010 Other 2.9% Florida's Ethnic Distribution 2010 Black 16.5% Hispanic 22.1% White 80.6% Non- Hispanic 77.9% Florida Population Atlas, Figure 1 & 2 6
Percent of Population by Race US and Florida, 2010 US Other 15.0% FL Black 16.5% FL Other 2.9% US Black 12.6% FL White 80.6% US White 72.4% Florida Population Atlas, Figure 3 7
Percent of Population by Ethnicity US and Florida, 2010 US Hispanic 16.3% FL Hispanic 22.1% FL Non-Hispanic 77.9% US Non-Hispanic 83.7% Florida Population Atlas, Figure 4 8
Percent of Population by Age Group US and Florida, 2009 8% 7% Florida US 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% <5 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+ Percent of Population 9 Age Group U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 2009 Florida Population Atlas, Figure 5
Percent of Population by Age Group, Selected Races and Ethnicity Florida, 2010 90% 80% 70% Percent of Population 60% 50% 40% 30% FL Non-Hispanic White FL Hispanic 20% FL Non-Hispanic Black 10% 0% <5 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+ Age Group Florida Population Atlas, Figure 6 10
Percent of Population by Age Group and Sex Florida 2010 85+ 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 Male Female Age Group 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 <5 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% Note: See page 5 on how to read population pyramids 11 Percent of Male Population Percent of Female Population Florida Population Atlas, Figure 7
Percent of Population by Age Group and Sex US 2009 and Florida 2010 Male Female Age Group 85+ 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 <5 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% % FL Males % US Males % FL Females % US Females Percent of Male Population Percent of Female Population Note: See page 5 on how to read population pyramids U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 2009 Florida Population Atlas, Figure 8 12
Percent of Population by Age Group, Sex, Selected Races, and Ethnicity Florida 2010 85+ 80-84 75-79 Male Female Age Group 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 <5 % White Male % Hispanic Males % Black Males % White Females % Hispanic Females % Black Females 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% Note: See page 5 on how to read population pyramids 13 Percent of Male Population Percent of Female Population Florida Population Atlas, Figure 9
1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Percent Change 9.0% Annual Percent Population Change Florida, 1970-2010 8.0% 7.0% 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% Year Source: Florida Bureau of Vital Statistics Florida Legislature, Office of Economic and Demographic Research Florida Population Atlas, Figure 10 14
Source: Florida Legislature, Office of Economic and Demographic Research Source: Florida Legislature, Office of Economic and Demographic Research Source: Florida Legislature, Office of Economic and Demographic Research Source: Florida Legislature, Office of Economic and Demographic Research Florida Population Atlas, Figure 11 15
16 Florida Population Atlas, Figure 12
Florida Population by County, 1970 & 2010 County 1970 Population 2010 Population Population Change County 1970 Population 2010 Population Population Change Alachua 105,492 257,762 144.34% Nassau 20,807 73,241 252.00% Baker 9,303 25,936 178.79% Okaloosa 88,971 197,043 121.47% Bay 75,848 170,367 124.62% Okeechobee 11,506 39,757 245.53% Bradford 14,734 29,365 99.30% Orange 347,692 1,112,526 219.97% Brevard 232,160 554,908 139.02% Osceola 25,795 273,931 961.95% Broward 628,980 1,742,843 177.09% Palm Beach 353,158 1,287,224 264.49% Calhoun 7,610 14,546 91.14% Pasco 77,858 440,616 465.92% Charlotte 28,006 166,023 492.81% Pinellas 527,754 926,217 75.50% Citrus 19,670 142,905 626.51% Polk 228,736 584,058 155.34% Clay 32,610 185,700 469.46% Putnam 36,636 74,133 102.35% Collier 38,841 333,853 759.54% St. Johns 30,963 186,841 503.43% Columbia 25,437 67,273 164.47% St. Lucie 51,402 275,298 435.58% Miami-Dade 1,276,053 2,477,658 94.17% Santa Rosa 38,064 145,550 282.38% DeSoto 13,177 34,526 162.02% Sarasota 122,584 389,770 217.96% Dixie 5,492 16,205 195.07% Seminole 84,606 423,952 401.09% Duval 529,513 899,820 69.93% Sumter 14,927 100,392 572.55% Escambia 206,351 312,409 51.40% Suwannee 15,628 43,908 180.96% Flagler 4,451 96,099 2059.04% Taylor 13,615 23,132 69.90% Franklin 7,048 12,361 75.38% Union 8,246 15,705 90.46% Gadsden 39,370 49,810 26.52% Volusia 170,724 506,719 196.81% Gilchrist 3,582 17,618 391.85% Wakulla 6,372 31,742 398.15% Glades 3,712 11,338 205.44% Walton 16,257 57,982 256.66% Gulf 10,152 16,744 64.93% Washington 11,514 25,109 118.07% Hamilton 7,824 14,744 88.45% Hardee 14,988 28,282 88.70% Hendry 11,945 40,980 243.07% Hernando 17,383 165,758 853.56% Highlands 29,883 99,825 234.05% Hillsborough 493,750 1,200,754 143.19% Holmes 10,794 19,904 84.40% Indian River 36,224 142,108 292.30% Jackson 34,546 52,853 52.99% Jefferson 8,772 14,800 68.72% Lafayette 2,883 10,175 252.93% Lake 69,915 293,883 320.34% Lee 107,332 618,188 475.96% Leon 104,335 274,966 163.54% Levy 12,829 40,715 217.37% Liberty 3,425 8,221 140.03% Madison 13,544 20,285 49.77% Manatee 97,942 318,700 225.40% Marion 70,085 330,877 372.11% Martin 28,460 143,859 405.48% Monroe 52,910 78,003 47.43% 17 Florida Population Atlas, Figure 13
20,000,000 18,000,000 16,000,000 14,000,000 12,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 0 Number of Persons 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 18 Florida Population Estimates by Race 1970-2010 Total White Black Other Year Source: Florida Legislature, Office of Economic and Demographic Research Florida Population Atlas, Figure 14
Miami-Dade 1,276.1 2,477.7 Broward 629.0 1,742.8 Palm Beach Hillsborough Orange Pinellas Duval Lee Polk Brevard Volusia 353.2 347.7 107.3 228.7 232.2 170.7 493.8 527.8 529.5 618.2 584.1 554.9 506.7 926.2 899.8 1,287.2 1,200.8 1,112.5 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 19 Florida Population Estimates by County Large Counties, 1970 and 2010 Populations more than 500,000 people 1970 2010 County Florida Population Atlas, Figure 15 Population (in Thousands)
Pasco Seminole 77.9 84.6 424.0 440.6 Sarasota 122.6 389.8 Collier 38.8 333.9 Marion Manatee Escambia Lake St. Lucie Leon Osceola Alachua Okaloosa St. Johns Clay Bay Charlotte Hernando Santa Rosa Martin Citrus Indian River 51.4 25.8 31.0 32.6 28.0 17.4 38.1 28.5 19.7 36.2 70.1 97.9 69.9 104.3 105.5 89.0 75.8 206.4 197.0 186.8 185.7 170.4 166.0 165.8 145.6 143.9 142.9 142.1 330.9 318.7 312.4 293.9 275.3 275.0 273.9 257.8 Sumter 14.9 100.4 20 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Florida Population Estimates by County Medium Counties, 1970 and 2010 Population between 100,000 and 500,000 people 1970 2010 County Florida Population Atlas, Figure 16 Population (in Thousands)
Highlands 29.9 99.8 Flagler 4.5 96.1 Monroe 52.9 78.0 Putnam 36.6 74.1 Nassau 20.8 73.2 Columbia 25.4 67.3 Lafayette Walton Jackson Gadsden Suwannee Hendry Levy Okeechobee DeSoto Wakulla Bradford Hardee Baker Washington Taylor Madison Holmes Gilchrist Gulf Dixie Union Jefferson Hamilton Calhoun Franklin Glades 16.3 34.5 15.6 11.9 12.8 11.5 13.2 6.4 14.7 15.0 9.3 11.5 13.6 13.5 10.8 2.9 3.6 10.2 5.5 8.2 8.8 7.8 7.6 7.0 3.7 12.4 11.3 17.6 16.7 16.2 15.7 14.8 14.7 14.5 34.5 31.7 29.4 28.3 25.9 25.1 23.1 20.3 19.9 10.2 39.4 43.9 41.0 40.7 39.8 49.8 52.9 58.0 Liberty 3.4 8.2 21 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Florida Population Estimates by County Small Counties, 1970 and 2010 Population less than 100,000 people 1970 2010 County Florida Population Atlas, Figure 17 Population (in Thousands)
1970 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1971 90 80 70 60 50 22 Years of Life Expectancy at Birth by Race and Sex US Total and Florida, 1970-2007 US Total Florida Total FL White Males FL White Females FL Black Males FL Black Females Year Data Sources: Florida Bureau of Vital Statistics US Census Bureau; NCHS; Florida Legislature, Office of Economic and Demographic Research Florida Population Atlas, Figure 18 Age (in Years)
County with the highest life expectancy: Glades = 82.4 years County with the lowest life expectancy: Duval = 70.4 years County with the highest life expectancy: Lafayette = 82.3 years County with the lowest life expectancy: Hendry = 71.5 years County with the highest life expectancy: Glades = 81.4 years County with the lowest life expectancy: Union 1 = 66.8 years County with the highest life expectancy: Franklin = 85.5 years County with the lowest life expectancy: Union 1 = 68.9 years *Please note that Life Expectancy is dependent on deaths and population. These calculations are based on an averaging of the three years population and deaths. For this reason, there may be some noise with smaller populations. 1 Union county has an acute hospital for inmates; these inmates are counted as Union County residents. 23 Source: Florida Bureau of Vital Statistics Florida Legislature, Office of Economic and Demographic Research Florida Population Atlas, Figure 19
10.0% 9.0% Percent of Total Florida Population by Age Group 1970 and 2010 1970 2010 8.0% 7.0% Percent of Population 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% <5 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+ Age Group Florida Population Atlas, Figure 20 24
Note: See page 5 on how to read population pyramids Florida Population Atlas, Figure 21 25
Miami-Dade 421.7 886.9 Broward 135.4 1,079.5 Palm Beach Hillsborough Orange Pinellas Duval Lee Polk Brevard Volusia 39.3-140.3 14.3 73.4 33.0-28.0 225.2 241.5 597.5 235.4 516.4 267.7 287.5 366.3 936.0 503.5 543.6 612.7 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0-100 -200 26 Components of Population Change by County Natural Increase and Net Migration Large Counties, 1970-2010 Populations more than 500,000 people Net Migration Natural Increase County Florida Population Atlas, Figure 22 Population ( In Thousands)
Pasco -42.4 429.0 Seminole 68.5 281.1 Sarasota -60.8 341.6 Collier Marion Manatee Escambia Lake St. Lucie Leon Osceola Alachua Okaloosa St. Johns Clay Bay Charlotte Hernando Santa Rosa Martin Citrus Indian River 28.1 2.9-5.1-6.3 17.7 8.9 29.1 34.3-29.1-18.8 26.1-7.0-26.0 2.9 272.7 262.5 238.9 74.0 40.4 233.7 207.0 59.9 121.0 35.8 215.6 50.9 107.9 55.3 51.7 144.8 129.7 66.1 173.7 171.1 83.7 126.6 155.2 104.4 Sumter -3.1 89.7 500 400 300 200 100 0-100 27 Components of Population Change by County Natural Increase and Net Migration Medium Counties, 1970-2010 Population between 100,000 and 500,000 people Net Migration Natural Increase County Florida Population Atlas, Figure 23 Population ( In Thousands)
Highlands -8.5 82.3 Flagler -2.4 93.4 Monroe 9.2 6.3 Putnam 6.1 33.7 Nassau 10.8 42.4 Columbia Walton Jackson Gadsden Suwannee Hendry Levy Okeechobee DeSoto Wakulla Bradford Hardee Baker Washington Taylor Madison Holmes Gilchrist Gulf Dixie Union Jefferson Hamilton Calhoun Franklin Glades 0.9 2.3 4.3-9.7 2.0 12.9 0.9 4.8 3.1 3.7 0.9 3.0 2.6 0.3 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.6 2.0 2.4 1.0 0.5 0.0 6.4 9.4 32.5 39.2 12.0 14.5 24.66 15.7 26.6 7.5 22.3 16.1 22.9 12.6 9.3 4.0 6.3 11.3 12.6 6.8 2.88 8.1 13.1 6.3 9.9 8.6 3.39 4.2 5.7 4.54 7.6 1.0 4.27 100 80 60 40 20 Population ( In Thousands) Lafayette Liberty 0-20 28 Components of Population Change by County Natural Increase and Net Migration Small Counties, 1970-2010 Population less than 100,000 people Net Migration Natural Increase County Florida Population Atlas, Figure 24
29 Source: Florida Bureau of Vital Statistics Florida Legislature, Office of Economic and Demographic Research Florida Population Atlas, Figure 25
30 Source: Florida Bureau of Vital Statistics Florida Legislature, Office of Economic and Demographic Research Florida Population Atlas, Figure 26
Florida Population Atlas 31 Definition of Terms in the Population Atlas: Race: Race in the Population Atlas refers to white, black and other. The other category encompasses all other races besides white and black. In some visuals, white and black have only been used because of data fluctuations due to a small number of events in the other category. These have been labeled as selected races. These categories encompass all ethnic categories if not stated otherwise. Ethnicity: This is the distinction between non-hispanic and Hispanic. Hispanic in Florida CHARTS follows the same definition as the U.S. Census Bureau, which counts persons of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race 1. This is a newer category in the Population Atlas, and has only been integrated into Florida vital statistics documents since 1980. Trends in this Atlas that have ethnic breakdowns, therefore, will only be from 1980 onward. Women of Childbearing Age: Women aged 15-44 Large Counties: Counties with a population over 500,000 people Medium Counties: Counties with a population between 100,000 and 500,000 people Small Counties: Counties with a population under 100,000 people Natural Increase: Increase or decrease in the population based on births (fertility) and deaths (mortality). The formula is: Births - Deaths = Natural Increase If this number is negative it indicates a decrease in natural increase, or fewer births than deaths. The number of births and deaths, along with fertility and mortality rates, vary from place to place. In some areas of Florida, deaths actually outnumber births, mainly due to the high numbers of elderly people settling, and subsequently dying, in those areas. The Bureau of Vital Statistics maintains reliable data on births and deaths in Florida. Net Migration: In-migration or out-migration. In this Atlas, in-migrants are defined as anyone moving into a county; out-migrants are anyone moving out of a county. Most of Florida s counties rely heavily on migration for population change. Since data on births and deaths are many times more reliable (and are more likely to be available) than data on in-migration and out-migration, the effects of the two migration processes on the growth of a population are often estimated. In this Atlas, net migration is estimated using population estimates for two different years and births and deaths data for the period between those two years, as detailed in the following formula: Population Change - Natural Increase = Net Migration (2010 population 1970 population) (Births Deaths) (In-migrants Out-migrants) This formula provides an estimate of net migration in Florida, though it does mask trends in in-migration and out-migration. Life Expectancy: Life expectancy is a measure often used to gauge the overall health of a population. As a summary measure of mortality, life expectancy represents the average number of years of life at birth that could be expected if current death rates were to remain constant. Shifts in life expectancy are often used to describe trends in mortality. Life expectancy at birth is strongly influenced by infant and child mortality. Improvements in nutrition, housing, hygiene, medical care, and prevention and control of infectious diseases contribute to decreases in death rates throughout the lifespan and the consequent increases in average life expectancy. 1 Census definition available here: http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-04.pdf
Florida Population Atlas 32 Some definitions have changed over time in the Bureau of Vital Statistics. In the past, race categories were split only between White and Nonwhite in public documents. It has since been understood that the racial makeup within Florida is more unique, and must be expressed in more categories. In 1980, the switch was made from nonwhite to two categories: black and other. Ethnicity, as mentioned previously, is a newer variable used in birth and death data, introduced in 1989. This Atlas uses the newest variable definitions. Because this Atlas was created in mid-2011, the 2010 US Census files for some variables were not available for comparison. When available, 2010 US counts were used; others use 2009 US population counts. These are noted on the visuals. Population data is based upon the Florida Legislature, Office of Economic and Demographic Research 2010 release. Third quarter numbers are used in this Atlas to approximate the mid-year population in 2010. Note on how to read a Population Pyramid: Population Pyramids are used to show the distribution of males and females across age groups. To read a pyramid, first look at the legend to see what is being measured. Next, look at the x-axis to identify the units of measurement, and then up the pyramid and across to the y-axis to identify the age group. It also should be looked at as a pyramid, as the shape indicates the type of population growth that is occurring. This can be indicative of future trends in different parts of the life course for a certain geography. The purpose of an age pyramid is to show what age groups by sex account for what portion of a population. In Florida, this is of particular importance because the age structure is unique to the rest of the United States.