Qualitative Analysis of Data

University of Huddersfield - School of Human & Health Sciences - Modular Postgraduate Programme HMB1006 - Module Outline 2012 Qualitative Analysis of Data Teaching Staff Graham Gibbs (GRG) (Module Co-ordinator) Room: HHR1/01; Phone: (01484) 47 2275; Email:G.R.Gibbs@hud.ac.uk Tracey Yeadon-Lee (TY-L) Email: T.Yeadon-Lee@hud.ac.uk Teaching Sessions Provisional - All sessions are 2.15 4.15 on Wednesdays in T5/12 and lab session in RB/23. Wk. Session Date Topic 1 1/2/12 Introduction and general theories. Discussion of the key references; need for rigour, philosophical underpinnings; Data preparation. Transcribing; using technology; error checking; formatting documents. Memos, searching. Research diary, field notes and memos. (GRG) 3 8/2/12 Coding and exercise on paper. Types of code; what can be coded; hierarchical coding. (GRG) Labwork Realism vs constructivism Basic coding 4 15/2/12 NVivo hands on session. Starting a project; examining documents and nodes; setting up new nodes, coding text; searching (text and node); reporting. (GRG) RB/23 5 22/2/12 Procedural analysis. Explanation building, case-by-case comparisons, time series, relation to quasi-experimental design. (GRG) 6 29/3/12 Hermeneutic analysis. Grounded theory as a key example. Open and axial coding, saturation. (GRG) 7 7/3/12 Narrative analysis. Structure of narrative, metaphor, biography, life history. (GRG) Procedural analysis Grounded theory coding Narrative analysis 8 14/3/12 Discourse analysis 1 (TY-L) 9 21/3/12 Discourse analysis 2 (TY-L) Easter break (3 weeks) 10 18/4/12 Images, tables etc. Producing tables, flow charts, causal diagrams. (GRG) Chart drawing exercise 11 25/4/12 Issues of validity & reliability. Writing up. Styles of writing up, Ethnographic voice. (GRG) Module Aims a. To give an overview of major approaches to the qualitative analysis of social research data. b. To review the strengths and weaknesses of the range of types of qualitative analysis available to the social researcher. c. To evaluate varieties of qualitative analysis with reference to validity, reliability and interpretation. d. To develop skills in qualitative analysis. References General Qualitative Methods Most of these books have useful chapters on Qualitative Analysis. Page 1 of 8

Atkinson, P., Coffey, A., Delamont, S., Lofland, J., & Lofland, L. (2001) Handbook of Ethnograpy. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: Sage. Bauer, M. W. and Gaskell, G. (Eds) (2000) Qualitative Researching with Text, Image and Sound. London: Sage. Becker, H. S. (1998) Tricks of the Trade: How to think about your Research while You re Doing it. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Berg, Bruce L. (2007) Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences, 6th Edition. Boston: Pearson. Bogdan, R and Biklen, S K (2006) Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theory and methods 5 th Ed. Allyn & Bacon, Boston Brewer, J.D. (2000) Ethnography. Buckingham: Open University Press. Burgess, R. G. (1982). Field Research: A Sourcebook and Field Manual. London: Routledge. Burgess, R. G. (1984). In the Field: An Introduction to Field Research. London: Routledge. Cassell, B. & Symon, G. (Eds.) (1998) Qualitative Methods and Analysis in Organizational Research. London: Sage. [302.35072 QUA] Cassell, B. & Symon, G. (Eds.) (2004) Essential guide to qualitative methods in organizational research. London: Sage. [302.35072 ESS] Crabtree, B. F., & Miller, W. L. (1992). Doing qualitative research: Sage, Newbury Park, CA. and London. [362.1072 DOI] Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Traditions. London, Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publications. [300.72 CRE] Denzin, N K and Lincoln, Y S (Eds.) (1994) Handbook of Qualitative Research. London: Sage. [300.723 HAN] Denzin, N K and Lincoln, Y S (Eds.) (1998) Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry. London: Sage. Part of Handbook of Qualitative Research (1994) in paperback. Denzin, N K and Lincoln, Y S (Eds.) (1998) The Landscape of Qualitative Research: Theory and Issues. London: Sage. Part of Handbook of Qualitative Research (1994) in paperback. Ely, M (1991) Doing qualitative research - circles within circles. London New York: Falmer Press. [305.80072 ELY] Ezzy, Douglas (2002) Qualitative Analysis London: Routledge. Flick, Uwe (2009) An Introduction to Qualitative Research. 4 th Ed. London: Sage [300.723 FLI] Glesne, C and Peshkin, A (1992) Becoming a qualitative researcher: An introduction, New York: Longman. Grbich, C (1999) Qualitative research in health - an introduction. London: Sage. [613.072 GRB] Gubrium, J. F., & Holstein, J. A. (2002) Handbook of Interview Research: Context and Method. Thousand Oaks, Ca: Sage. Hammersley, M (1992) What s wrong with ethnography? London: Routledge. [306.072 HAM] Holloway, I and Wheeler, S (1996) Qualitative research for nurses. Oxford: Blackwell Science. [610.73072 HOL] Holloway, I. (1997). Basic concepts for qualitative research: Blackwell Science, Oxford, Malden MA. Janesick, V. J. (1998). Stretching Exercises for Qualitative Researchers. London: Sage. King, N and Horrocks, C. (2010) Interviews in Qualitative Research. London: SAGE Publications Ltd Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing. London: Sage. Layder, D. (1993). New Strategies in Social Research. Oxford: Polity Press. LeCompte, M D and Preissle, J with Tesch, R (1993) Ethnography and qualitative design in educational research, New York: Academic Press. Lee, R.M. (2000) Unobtrusive Measures in Social Research. Buckingham: Open University Press. Liamputtong, P. and Ezzy, Douglas (2005) Qualitative Research Methods. Victoria, Ausl.: Oxford University Press. Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (1995). Designing Qualitative Research. London: Sage. Mason, J. (2002). Qualitative researching. 2 nd Ed. London: Sage. [300.72 MAS] May, T. (Ed.) (2002) Qualitative Research in Action. London: Sage. [300.72 QUA] Maykut, P. & Morehouse, R. (1994). Beginning Qualitative Research: A philosophical and practical guide: Falmer Press. Maykut, P. and Morehouse, R. (1994) Beginning the Qualitative Research: A philosophic and practical guide. London: RoutledgeFalmer. Mays, N and Pope, C (Eds.) (1996) Qualitative research in health care. London: BMJ. [300.723 QUA] McCracken, G (1988) The Long Interview. London: Sage. Morse, J. M. (1997). Completing a Qualitative Project: Details and Dialogue. London: Sage. Morse, J. M. (Ed.) (1994) Critical Issues in Qualitative Research Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. [610.73072 CRI] Murphy, E, Dingwall, R, Greatbatch, D, Parker, S and Watson, P (1998) Qualitative research methods in health technology assessment: a review of the literature. Health Technology Assessment 1998 2(16) [on order] Neuman (1994). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches: Allyn and Bacon. Patton, M. Q. (1980). Qualitative research methods: Beverly Hills: Sage. Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. Newbury Park, London: Sage. [300.723 PAT] Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. 3 rd Ed Newbury Park, London: Sage. (On order) Page 2 of 8

Ragin, C. C. (1987). The Comparative method: Moving beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies. Berkeley: University of California Press. Richardson, J. T. E. (1996). Handbook of Qualitative Research Methods for Psychology and the Social Sciences. Leicester, UK: BPS Books. Rossman, G. B., & Rallis, S. F. (1998). Learning in the Field: An Introduction to Qualitative Research. London: Sage. Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (1995). Qualitative Interviewing: The Art of Hearing Data. London: Sage. Schwandt, T. A. (1997). Qualitative Inquiry: A Dictionary of Terms. London: Sage. Seale, C. F., Gobo, G., Gubrium, J. F., & Silverman, D. (2003) Qualitative Research Practice. London: Sage. Sherman, R R and Webb, R B (Eds.) (1988) Qualitative research in education - focus and methods. London: Falmer. [370.78 QUA] Silverman, D (2004) Doing Qualitative Research: A Practical Handbook. 2 nd Ed. London: Sage. [300.72 SIL] Silverman, D. (1997). Qualitative research: theory, method and practice. London: Sage Publications. Spradley, J. P. (1979). The Ethnographic Interview. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Taylor, S J and Bogdan R (1998) Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods 3 rd Ed. Chichester: Wiley Willig, C. (2001) Introducing Qualitative Research in Psychology: Adventures in Theory and Method. Buckingham, Open University Press. [150.72 WIL] Qualitative Analysis books Altheide, D L (1996) Qualitative Media Analysis Newbury Park, London: Sage, [302.23072 ALT ] Bernard, H. R. and Ryan, G. W. (2010) Analyzing Qualitative Data: Systematic Approaches. London: SAGE Publications, Inc Boeije, H. R. (2009) Analysis in Qualitative Research. London: SAGE Publications Ltd Boyatzis, R E (1998) Transforming qualitative information - thematic analysis and code development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. [300.72 BOY] Bryman, A and Burgess, R (Eds.) (1994) Analysing Qualitative Data, London: Routledge. [300.72 ANA] Bryman, A. (1988). Quantity and Quality in Social Research. London: Unwin Hyman/Routledge.[ 300.72 BRY] Coffey, A., and Atkinson P. (1996). Making sense of Qualitative Data Analysis: Complementary Research Strategies. London, Thousand Oaks CA: Sage. [300.723 COF] Crabtree, B F and Miller, W L (Eds.) (1992) Doing qualitative research. Newbury Park, London: Sage. [362.1072 DOI ] Denzin, N K and Lincoln, Y S (Eds.) (1998) Collecting and Interpreting Qualitative Materials. London: Sage. Part of Handbook of Qualitative Research (1994) in paperback. [300.72 COL ] Dey, I. (1993). Qualitative data analysis: a user-friendly guide for social scientists. London, New York, NY: Routledge. [300.72 DEY] Ezzy, D. (2002). Qualitative Analysis. Practice and Innovation. London: Routledge. Feldman, M. S. (1994). Strategies for Interpreting Qualitative Data. Newbury Park, London: Sage. [300.72 FEL] Fielding, N. G., & Fielding, J. (1986). Linking Data. London: Sage. [300.72 FIE ] Gibbs, G R (2002) Qualitative Data Analysis: Explorations with NVivo. Buckingham: Open University Press. [300.72 GIB] Gibbs, G R (2007) Analyzing Qualitative Data. London: Sage. 2007. Gibson, W. and Brown, A. (2009) Working with Qualitative Data. London: SAGE Publications Ltd Golden-Biddle, K. (1997). Composing Qualitative Research: Crafting Theoretical Points from Qualitative Research. London: Sage. [808.066 GOL ] Grbich, C (2007) Qualitative Data Analysis - an introduction. London: Sage. Gubrium, J. F., Holstein, J. A., & Harrison, B. (1998). The new language of qualitative method. [300.72 GUB] Hayes, N. (ed.) (1997). Doing Qualitative Analysis in Psychology. Hove: Psychology Press. [150.72 DOI ] King, N. (2004) 'Using Templates in the Thematic Analysis of Text', in C. Cassell and G. Symon (eds), Essential Guide to Qualitative Methods in Organizational Research. London: Sage. pp. 256-270. Langdridge, D. (2004). Research Methods and Data Analysis in Psychology. Harlow: Pearson Education. Lofland, J, Snow, D.A., Anderson, L and Lofland, L H (2006) Analyzing Social Settings: A Guide to Qualitative Observation and Analysis, 4 th Ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. [301.072 LOF] Lyons, Evanthia and Coyle, Adrian (2007) Analysing qualitative data in psychology, London: SAGE. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: a sourcebook of new methods. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. [300.72 MIL] Richards, L. (2009) Handling Qualitative Data: A Practical Guide Second Edition. London: SAGE Publications Ltd Ritchie, J., & Lewis, J. (2003) Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers. London: Sage. Saldana, J. (2009) The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. London: SAGE Publications Ltd Silverman, D. (1993). Interpreting Qualitative Data. Methods for Analysing Talk, Text and Interaction. London: Sage. [301.072 SIL] Page 3 of 8

Smith, J. A. (1995). Semi-structured interview and qualitative analysis. In J. A. Smith, R. Harre & L. Langenhove (Eds.), Rethinking Methods in Psychology (pp. 9-26). London: Sage. [150.72 RET] Smith, J. A. (2003) Qualitative Psychology: A practical guide to research methods. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: Sage. Tesch, R. (1990). Qualitative research - analysis types and software tools. London: Falmer. [300.723 TES] Wolcott, H. F. (1994). Transforming Qualitative Data: Description, Analysis, and Interpretation. London: Sage. Qualitative Analysis - other references Anderson, J F (1998) Transcribing with voice recognition software- A new tool for qualitative researchers Qualitative Health Research, Vol.8, 5, pp. 718-723. Bruner, A (1988) Life as Narrative Social Research, Vol.54, pp. 11-32. King, N (1998) The Qualitative Research Interview in B. Cassell and G. Symon (eds.) (1998) Qualitative Methods and Analysis in Organizational Research, London: Sage. [302.35072 QUA] King, N (1992) A template approach to text analysis: developing and using codebooks, in B. F. Crabtree and W. L. Miller (Eds.) (1992) Doing qualitative research. Newbury Park, London: Sage. On reliability and validity. Altheide, D L and Johnson, J M (1994) Criteria for assessing interpretive validity in qualitative research in N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (eds.) (1994) Handbook of Qualitative Research, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 485-99. Armstrong, D., & al., e. (1997). The place of inter-rater reliability in qualitative research: An empirical study. Sociology, 31 (3), 597-606. Bloor, M. (1978) On the analysis of observational data: a discussion of the worth and uses of inductive techniques and respondent validation. Sociology, 12 (3) 545-57. Bloor, M. (1997) Techniques of validation in qualitative research: A critical commentary, in Miller, G. and Dingwall, R. (Eds.), Context and Method in Qualitative Research. London: Sage. pp. 37-50. Flick, U. (1992). Triangulation revisited: Strategy of or alternative to validation of qualitative data. Journal of Theory of Social Behavior, 22, 175-197. Hammersley, M. (1992) What s wrong with ethnography? London: Routledge. See chapter 5, The Generalisability of Ethnography. Kirk, J and Miller, M (1986) Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research, Newbury Park: Sage. Kvale, S (1989) Issues of Validity in Qualitative Research, Lund: Studentlitteratur. Morse, J M. (1997) ''Perfectly healthy, but dead''- The myth of inter-rater reliability. Qualitative Health Research, 7(4), pp. 445-447. Morse, J M. (1999) Qualitative generalizability. Qualitative Health Research, 9(1), pp. 5-6. Peck, E and Seeker, E. (1999) Quality criteria for qualitative research- Does context make a difference?. Qualitative Health Research, 9(4), pp. 552-558. Seale, C. (1999). The Quality of Qualitative Research. London: Sage. Software for QDA Barry, C. A. (1998). Choosing Qualitative Data Analysis Software: Atlas/ti and Nudist Compared. Sociological Research Online, 3. Bazeley, P & Richards L. (2000) The NVivo Qualtitative Project Book. London: Sage. [300.72 BAZ ] Bazeley, P (2007) Qualitative Data Analysis with NVivo. 2 nd Ed. London: Sage. Covers NVivo v.7. Burgess, R G (1995) Computing and qualitative research, Greenwich: JAI Press. Fielding, N. (1994). Getting into computer-aided qualitative data analysis. ESRC Data Archive Bulletin, 57. Fielding, N. (1995). Choosing the Right Software Package. ESRC Data Archive Bulletin. Fielding, N., & Lee, R. M. (1991). Using computers in qualitative research. Newbury Park, London: Sage. Fielding, N., & Lee, R. M. (1995). The Hypertext facility in qualitative analysis software. ESRC Data Archive Bulletin. Fielding, N. G., & Lee, R. L. (1998). Computer Analysis and Qualitative Research. London: Sage. Fischer, M. D. (1994). Applications in computing for social anthropologists. London: Routledge. Fisher, M (1997) Qualitative Computing: Using software for Qualitative Data Analysis. Aldershot: Ashgate. Gahan, C and Hannibal, M (1997) Doing Qualitative Research using QSR NUD.IST, London: Sage. [300.2855369 GAH] Greenstein, D (1994) A historian's guide to computing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kelle, U. (1995). Computer-aided qualitative data analysis: theory, methods and practice: Sage Publications, London. Kelle, U. (1997a). Capabilities for Theory Building & Hypothesis Testing in Software for Computer Aided Qualitative Data Analysis. Data Archive Bulletin, 65. Page 4 of 8

Lewins, A. and Silver, C. (2007) Using Software in Qualitative Research: A Step-by-Step Guide, London: Sage. Muhr, T. (1991) Atlas-ti - A protoype for the support of text interpretation. Qualitative Sociology, 14(4), pp. 349-71. Northey Jr, W F. (1997) Using QSR NUD*IST to Demonstrate Confirmability in Qualitative Research. Family Science Review, 10( 2), pp. 170-179. Padilla, R. (1991) Using Computers to Develop Conceptual Models. Qualitative Sociology, 14(3), pp. 263-74. Pfaffenberger, B. (1988). Microcomputer applications in qualitative research: Sage. Reid, A O (1992) Computer Management Strategies for Text Data, in B. F. Crabtree and W. L. Miller (Eds.) (1992) Doing Qualitative Research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, pp. Richards, L (1995) Transition Work! Reflections on a three-year NUD*IST project, in R. G. Burgess (Ed.) (1995) Computing and Qualitative Research. (Vol. 5). Greenwich: Jai Press, Inc, pp. 105-140. Richards, L. (1997) User's mistake as developer's challenge- Designing the new NUD*IST. Qualitative Health Research, 7(3), pp. 425-433. Richards, L. (1998) Closeness to data- The changing goals of qualitative data handling. Qualitative Health Research, 8(3), pp. 319-328. Richards, L (1999) Data alive! The thinking behind NVivo Qualitative Health Research, Vol.9, 3, pp. 412-428. Richards, L and Richards, T (1994) From Filing Cabinet to Computer, in A. Bryman and R. G. Burgess (Eds.) (1994) Analyzing Qualitative Data. London: Routledge, pp. 146-172. Richards, T and Richards, L (1994) Using computers in qualitative analysis, in D. N.K. and L. Y.S. (Eds.) (1994) Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage, pp. 445-462. Richards, T and Richards, L (1995) Using Hierarchical Categories in Qualitative Data Analysis, in U. Kelle (Ed.) (1995) Computer-Aided Qualitative Data Analysis. London: Sage, pp. Seale, C F (1999) Using computers to analyse qualitative data, in D. Silverman (Ed.) (1999) Doing Qualitative Research: A Practical Handbook. London: Sage, pp. Weaver, A., & Atkinson, P. (1994). Microcomputing and qualitative data analysis. Aldershot: Avebury. Weitzman, E., & Miles, M. (1995). Computer Programs for Qualitative Data Analysis: A Software Source Book. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Grounded Theory Bryant, Antony (2003). 'A Constructive/ist Response to Glaser' [25 paragraphs]. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 4(1), Art. 15, http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0301155. [Date of access: Dec 5th 2009] Bryant, Antony. (2002) 'Re-grounding Grounded Theory'. The Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application, 4, 1, 25-42. Charmaz, Kathy. (2000). 'Grounded Theory: Objectivist and Constructivist Methods'. In Norman Denzin & Yvonna S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (2nd. edition, pp.509-535). Thousand Oaks: Sage. Charmaz, K. (2006) Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide Through Qualitative Analysis. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: Sage. A constructivist approach to grounded theory: data are not just found (or 'discovered'), they are constructed. Charmaz, K. and Bryant, A (Eds) (2007) The SAGE Handbook of Grounded Theory. London: Sage. This is now available in a paperback version. Clarke, A.E. (2005) Situational Analysis: Grounded Theory After the Postmodern Turn. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Corbin, J and Strauss, A. (1996). Analytic ordering for theoretical purposes. Qualitative inquiry, 2(2), pp. 139-150. De Vreede, Gert-Jan, Jones, Noel & Mgaya, Rabson J (1998). 'Exploring the Application and Acceptance of Group Support Systems in Africa'. Journal of Management Information Systems, 15, 3, 197-234. Glaser, Barney. (1978). Theoretical Sensitivity: Advances in the Methodology of Grounded Theory. Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press. Glaser, B. G. (1992). Emergence vs. Forcing: Basics of Grounded Theory Analysis. Mill Valley, California: Sociology Press. Glaser, Barney G. (2002). 'Constructivist Grounded Theory?' [47 paragraphs]; <http://www.qualitative - research.net/fqs -texte/3-02/3-02glaser-e.htm> [Date of access: Dec 5th 2009]. September, Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 3, 3. Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago: Aldine. The original text on the grounded theory approach. Goulding, C. (2002) Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide for Management, Business and Market Researchers. London: Sage. Kools, S, McCarthy, M, Durham, R and Robrecht, L. (1996) Dimensional analysis- Broadening the conception of grounded theory. Qualitative Health Research, 6(3), pp. 312-330. Locke, K. (2000) Grounded Theory in Management Research. Sage: London. Page 5 of 8

May, K A. (1996) Diffusion, dilution, or distillation?- The case of grounded theory method. Qualitative Health Research, 6(3), pp. 309-311. Miller, S I and Fredericks, M. (1999) How does grounded theory explain? Qualitative Health Research, 9(4), pp. 538-551. Morse, J.M., Stern, P. N., Corbin, J.M., Charmaz, K.C., Bowers, B.J. and Clarke, A.E. (2009) Developing Grounded Theory: The Second Generation. Walnut Creek, Calif.: Left Coast Press. Chapters are: Schreiber, R. and Stern, P. N. (2001) Using Grounded Theory in Nursing. Springer Strauss, A. L. (1987). Qualitative Analysis for Social Scientists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Strauss, A.L. and Corbin, J. (2008) Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for developing Grounded Theory. (3rd. ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage. Good, clear, step-by-step introduction to the interpretivist version of grounded theory. The Third Edition includes real data to practise with qualitative software, such as MAXQDA as well as student exercises. [300.72 STR] Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. (1997). Grounded Theory in Practice. London: Sage. [306.461 GRO] Turner, Barry. (1983). 'The Use of Grounded Theory for the Qualitative Analysis of Organizational Behaviour'. Journal of Management Studies, 20, 3, 333-348. Stern, P. N. and Porr, C. (2010) Essentials of Accessible Grounded Theory. Left Coast Press Discourse and Conversation Analysis Atkinson, J.M. and Heritage, J. (Eds.) (1984) Structures of Social Action: Studies in Conversation Analysis.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Coyle, A (1995) Discourse Analysis in G. Breakwell, S. Hammond and C. Fife-Shaw (Eds.) (1995) Research Methods in Psychology. London: Sage, pp. 243-258. Potter, J. and Wetherall, M. (1987) Discourse and Social Psychology: Beyond Attitudes and Behaviour. London: Sage. On discourse analysis. Psathas, G (1994) Conversation Analysis : The Study of Talk-in-Interaction Sage, Newbury Park, London Tannen, D (1986) Conversational Analysis. Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Wooffitt, R (1993) Analysing Accounts in N. Gilbert (Ed.) (1993) Researching Social Life. London: Sage, pp. 287-305. Wodak, R & Meyer, M. (2001) Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Sage. Wodak, R (1996) Disorders of discourse. London: Longman [306.44 WOD] Narrative, biography and life story Atkinson, R. (1998). The Life Story Interview. London: Sage. Berteaux, D. (1981). Biography and History: The life story approach in social sciences. Newbury Park: Sage. Bruner, A. (1988). Life as Narrative. Social Research, 54, 11-32. Bruner, A. (1991). The narrative construction of reality. Critical Inquiry, 18, 1-21. Crossley, M (2000) Introducing Narrative Psychology: self, trauma and the construction of meaning. Buckingham, Open University Press. [155.2 CRO ] Czarniawska, B (1998) A Narrative Approach to Organizational Studies. London: Sage. Denzin, N.K. (1989), Interpretive Biography, Newbury Park, London: Sage. Giele, J. Z., & Elder Jr., G. H. (1998). Methods of Life Course Research: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. London: Sage. Lieblich, A., Tuval-Mashiach, R., & Zilber, T. (1998). Narrative Research: Reading, Analysis and Interpretation. London: Sage. Mishler, E. G. (1986). The analysis of interview narratives. In T. R. Sarbin (Ed.), Narrative Psychology (pp. 233-255). New York: Praeger. Plummer, K (1983) Documents of Life, London: George, Allen and Unwin. Plummer, K. (2001) Documents of Life 2: An Invitation to a Critical Humanism. London: Sage. Polkinghorne, D E (1988) Narrative knowing and the human sciences. Albany, NY: State of New York University Press. Potter, J, 'Discourse Analysis as a Way of Analysing Naturally Occurring Talk' in Silverman, D (ed) (1998) Qualitative Research: Theory, Method and Practice, London : Sage Riessman, C. K. (1993) Narrative Analysis, Newbury Park, London: Sage. Roberts, B. (2001) Biographical Research. Buckingham: Open University Press. [808.06692 ROB] Sarbin, T R (Ed.) (1986) Narrative Psychology. New York: Praeger. Torode, B. (1998) Narrative analysis using Code-A-Text. Qualitative Health Research, 8(3), pp. 414-432. Phenomenology Cohen, M., Kahn, D. & Steeves, R (2000) Hermeneutic Phenomenological Research: A practical guide for nurse researchers. London: Sage Page 6 of 8

Kvale, S. (1983) The Qualitative Research Interview: A phenomenological and a hermeneutic mode of understanding. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 14(2), pp. 171-196. Kvale, S. (1996) Interviews - an introduction to qualitative research interviewing. London. Sage [300.723 KVA] Giorgi, A (1985) Phenomenology and psychological research. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquense University Press. Langdridge, D (2007) Phenomenological Psychology: Theory, Research and Method. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education. Moustakas, C (1994) Phenomenological Research Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Polkinhorne, D E (1989) Phenomenological research methods in R. S. Valle and S. Halling (Eds.) (1989) Existential-phenomenological perspectives in psychology. New York: Plenum, pp. 41-60. Smith, J. (1995) Semi-structured interview and qualitative analysis in Smith, J., Harré, R. & Langenhove, L. Van (eds), Rethinking Methods in Psychology. London: Sage. [150.72 RET ] Smith, J. A., Flowers, P. and Larkin, M. (2009) Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Theory, Method and Research. London: SAGE Publications Ltd vanmanen, M. (1997) From meaning to method. Qualitative Health Research, 7(3), pp. 345-369. Case study, Structured approaches Bromley, D B (1986) The case-study method in psychology and related disciplines, Chichester: Wiley. Gomm, R., Hammersley, M. and Foster, P. (eds) (2000) Case Study Method: Key Issues, Key Texts. London: Sage. Gerring, John (2006) Case Study Research: Principles and Practice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hamel, J, Dufour, S and Fortin, D (1993) Case Study Methods. London: Sage. Kidder, L H (1981) Qualitative research and quasi-experimental frameworks in M. B. Brewer and B. E. Collins (eds.) (1981) Scientific Enquiry and the Social Sciences, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, pp. Robson, C. (1993) Real World Research: A Resource for Social Scientists and Practitioner-Researchers, Oxford: Blackwell. See chapter 12. Only in the first edition. Simons, H. (2009) Case Study Research in Practice. London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Stake, R (1994) Case studies in N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (eds.) (1994) Handbook of qualitative research, Thousand Oaks, Ca: Sage, pp. 236-247. Stake, R. (1995) The art of case study research, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Yin, R (1994) Case study research: Design and methods, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. See esp. Ch. 5. Visual Data and Video Ball, M S and Smith, G W H (1992) Analyzing Visual Data, Newbury Park, London: Sage. [300.72 BAL] Heath, C., Hindmarsh, J. and Luff, P. (2010) Video in Qualitative Research. London: SAGE Publications Ltd Online Research Kozinets, R. V. (2009) Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. London: SAGE Publications Ltd Writing up Barrass, R. (1978). Scientists Must Write: A Guide to Better Writing for Scientists and Engineers: Chapman and Hall. Berry, R. (1986). How to Write a Research Paper: Pergamon. Childress, H (1998) Kinder Ethnographic Writing Qualitative Inquiry, Vol.2, pp. 249-264. Collinson, D (Ed.) (1992) Plain English (2 ed.): Open University Press. Intended for students. Covers spelling, punctuation, grammar. Includes lots of questions and exercises. Cuba, L., & Cocking, J. (1997). How to write about the Social Sciences. London: Longman. Day, R. A. (1989). How to write and publish a scientific paper. Phoenix, Arizona: Oryx Press. Ellis, C and Bochner, A P (1996) Composing Ethnography : Alternative Forms of Qualitative Writing, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Golden-Biddle, K (1997) Composing Qualitative Research: Crafting Theoretical Points from Qualitative Research. London: Sage. Higgs, J. (ed.) (1998). Writing qualitative research. Sydney: Hampden Press. See e.g. chapter by McAllister, L. What constitutes good qualitative research writing in theses and papers? Holliday, A. (2001) Doing and Writing Qualitative Research. London: Sage. (On order) Richardson, Laurel. 1990. Writing Strategies : Reaching Diverse Audiences. Newbury Park, London: Sage. Turabian, K. (1987). A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses and Dissertations: University of Chicago Press. van Leunen, M.-C. (1978). A handbook for scholars: Knopf. Wolcott, H. F. (2009). Writing up Qualitative Research. 3 rd Ed. Newbury Park, London: Sage. [808.02 WOL] Woodwark, J. (1992). How to run a paper mill. Writing technical papers and getting them published. Winchester, England: Information Geometers. Page 7 of 8

See also chapters in Coffey, A., and Atkinson P. (1996). Making sense of Qualitative Data Analysis: Complementary Research Strategies. London, Thousand Oaks CA: Sage. [300.723 COF] Seale, C. (1999). The Quality of Qualitative Research. London: Sage. [300.72 SEA ] Articles in Sociological Research Online, FQS and Qualitative Researcher Sociological Research Online is at http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/socresonline/ Relevant articles are: Barry, C. A. (1998). Choosing Qualitative Data Analysis Software: Atlas/ti and Nudist Compared. Sociological Research Online, 3. http://www.socresonline.org.uk/socresonline/3/3/4.html Coffey, A, Holbrook, B and Atkinson, P. (1996) Qualitative data analysis: technologies and representations. Sociological Research Online, 1(1). http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/socresonline/1/1/4.html Kelle, U. (1997) Theory building in Qualitative Research and Computer Programs for the Management of Textual Data. Sociological Research Online, 2(2). http://www.socresonline.org.uk/socresonline/2/2/1.html Lee, R. M., & Fielding, N. (1996). Qualitative Data Analysis: Representations of a Technology: A Comment on Coffey, Holbrook and Atkinson. Sociological Research Online, 1(4). http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/socresonline/1/4/lf.html MacMillan, K and McLachlan, S. (1999) Theory-Building with NUD.IST: Using Computer Assisted Qualitative Analysis in a Media Case Study. Sociological Research Online, 4(2), http://www.socresonline.org.uk/4/2/macmillan_mclachlan.html Forum: Qualitative Sozialforschung/Social Research is at http://qualitative-research.net/fqs/fqs-eng.htm Relevant recent articles are: Crawford, H K, Leybourne, M L and Arnott, A. (2000) How we Ensured Rigour from a Multi-site, Multidiscipline, Multi-researcher Study. Forum: Qualitative Sozialforschung/Social Research, 1(1), http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/1-00/1-00crawfordetal-e.htm Moes, J. (2000) From Text- to Hypertext-analysis: Consequences for Qualitative Research. Forum: Qualitative Sozialforschung/Social Research, 1(1), http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/1-00/1-00moes-e.htm Qualitative Researcher Most articles are relevant http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/socsi/qualiti/qualitative_researcher.html Archiving Corti, L, Foster, J and Thompson, P. (1995) Archiving qualitative research data. Social Research Update (10). URL: http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/sru/sru.html Corti, L, Foster, J and Thompson, P (1996) The need for a qualitative data archival policy (Reprinted from Qualitative Health Research, vol 6, pg 135, 1996) Qualitative Health Research, Vol.6, 1, pp. 135-139. Hill, M R (1993) Archival Strategies and Techniques Sage, Newbury Park, London Hinds, P S, Vogel, R J and Clarke Steffen, L. (1997) The possibilities and pitfalls of doing a secondary analysis of a qualitative data set. Qualitative Health Research, 7(3), pp. 408-424. Jensen, L A and Allen, M N. (1996) Meta-synthesis of qualitative findings. Qualitative Health Research, 6(4), pp. 553-560. Qualidata (n.d.) Notes for Depositors Colchester: University of Essex. Teams Bartunek, J M and Louis, M R (1996) Insider/Outsider Team Research. London: Sage. Burgess, R, Pole, C J, Evans, K and Priestley, C (1994) Four studies from one or one study from four? Multi-site case study research, in A. Bryman and R. Burgess (Eds.) (1994) Analysing Qualitative Data. London: Routledge, pp. 129-145. Erickson, K and Stull, D (1997) Doing Team Ethnography : Warnings and Advice. London: Sage. Olesen, V, Droes, N, Hatton, D, Chico, N and Schatzman, L (1994) Analyzing together: recollections of a team approach, in A. Bryman and R. Burgess (Eds.) (1994) Analysing Qualitative Data. London: Routledge, pp. 111-128. Richards, L (1999) Qualitative teamwork- Making it work Qualitative Health Research, Vol.9, 1, pp. 7-10. Graham R Gibbs Thursday, January 3, 2013 QAD handout 11.doc Page 8 of 8