Australian Activities in Clean Hydrogen from Coal & Natural Gas Dr John K Wright Director CSIRO Energy Transformed Flagship Program
Outline Characteristics of energy in Australia Energy responses Clean Hydrogen from Coal and Natural Gas Close
Australian Energy Plentiful reserves of high quality, available black and brown coal Increasing proven gas reserves natural gas and coal seam methane Declining indigenous oil High solar thermal, wind and hot rock potential No nuclear power Limited hydro power Cost effective energy supply sector High GHG emissions intensity Awareness of the need for a low emissions response
Energy Responses / Initiatives National Research Priority reduce and sequester carbon dioxide emissions from transport and stationary energy The cooperative Research Centre program the CRC for Coal in Sustainable Development the CRC for Clean Power from Lignite the CRC for CO 2 management COAL21 The Queensland Low Emissions Technology Centre CSIRO s Energy Transformed Flagship Program National Hydrogen Study Proposed Hydrogen CRC Range of University R&D programs in production and storage of hydrogen Australian membership of the CSLF and IPHE
Hydrogen from Fossil Fuel Activities (1) Main activity through COAL21 (Commenced March 2003) Partnership between the coal and electricity industries, federal governments and the R&D community Objective to create a national plan to scope, develop, demonstrate and implement near zero emissions coal fired power Provides the umbrella organisation for the advancement of near zero emissions technology in Australia Effectively a long term plan for generation of hydrogen from Australian coal
Hydrogen from Fossil Fuel Activities (2) Organisations working with COAL21 CCSD providing coal gasification technology CO 2 CRC Capture and sequestration technology (from coal gasification and natural gas) Queensland LET Centre coal gas processing (gas cleaning, processing, separation) The CSIRO Energy Transformed Program works through the CRCs and independently on aspects of CO2 capture, CO 2 sequestration, hydrogen production and applications The route to the hydrogen economy in Australia is likely to be dominated by fossil fuels
Hydrogen from Fossil Fuel Activities (3) Hydrogen Economy Progress towards the hydrogen economy Snovit In Salah Commercial Projects GTL FutureGen Gorgon Community acceptance of geosequestration IGCC Effective integration of CO 2 capture & storage CSS retrofit Improved separation H 2 distribution system H 2 car Zero emission electricity Improved fuel cells Research H 2 car Research Projects? Increased hydrogen use Demo gasifier Enhanced CSM Pilot capture projects Source: CO 2 CRC 2003 2010 2020 2030
Hydrogen from Natural Gas Solar Thermal Water CO 2 to disposal / sequestration Fossil Fuel (CH 4 ) Solar Thermal Fuel Reforming CO/H 2 /CO 2 H 2 /CO 2 H 2 -fuel Water Gas Shift Conversion CO 2 Recovery Advanced Power Generation ~ water CO + H 2 O(l ) H 2 + CO 2 + 3 KJ Fuel cells Gas turbines Cogeneration etc CH 4 + H 2 O(l ) + 250 KJ CO + 3H 2 Solar hydrogen production for: Fuel cell electricity generation from hydrogen transport applications (eg hythane ) Hydrogen for refining of heavier crude oils
Hydrogen from Natural Gas (2)
Hydrogen from Natural Gas (3)
Closing The main driver for hydrogen activities in Australia is GHG intensity reduction The hydrogen agenda is likely to be initially controlled by the development of low emission fossil fuel development The prospectivity for hydrogen production using renewable energy is high, but cost is a major barrier International partnerships are being sought for coal to hydrogen and gas to hydrogen technologies
Contact Information COAL21 www.coal21.com.au CRC for Coal in Sustainable Energy www.ccsd.biz CRC for Clean Power from Lignite www.cleanpower.com.au CRC for CO2 Management (CO2 CRC) www.co2crc.com.au The CSIRO Energy Transformed Flagship Program www.energytransformed.csiro.au The Queensland Low Emission Technology Centre cliff.mallett@csiro.au The National Hydrogen Study www.industry.gov.au Australian Institute of Energy http://www.aie.org.au/hydrogen_index.htm
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Energy Tension Economy Energy Tension Environment GDP growth Competitive industry Expanding exports Cost, quantity, quality of supply Generation efficiency Fossil fuel usage Clean air GHG emissions Energy Technology Technology Roadmaps Clean, Internationally Competitive, Reliable and Secure Energy Services
Energy Transformed Roadmap: Taking the emissions out of Stationary Energy and Transport Short Term (1 3 years) Medium Term (4 9 Years) Long Term ( 10+ Years) Theme Goals Theme 1: Energy Futures Development & reporting of a National Energy model Update of model with feedback to R&D strategy and energy policy requirements Optimum routes to the Hydrogen Economy Identification of optimum energy pathways Theme 2: Low Emission Electricity Feasibility of CO 2 storage in coal strata / aquifers New IP in gas processing / CO 2 capture Facilitation / involvement in zero emissions coal to H 2 pilot plant Large scale H 2 from fossil fuels Cost effective electricity meeting Australia s GHG commitments Theme 3: Low Emission Transport Mild hybrid vehicle development Series hybrid development ITS Systems developed Intelligent transport / H2 fuel cell cars implemented Transport innovations meeting cost and emission targets Theme 4: Low Emissions Distributed Energy Innovative waste heat utilisation IP Decentralised power with information feedback Remote controlled, 80% efficiency heat / power / cooling supply systems Supply options based on H 2 Distributed Generation solutions to GHG emissions
Energy Transformed Flagship Sites for CO2 Sequestration Potential Potential sites Unproduced high CO2 gas field Emission Node * 102 sites analysed * 65 proved viable CO2 storage sites * 22 sites not viable; 15 regional basin overviews All Sites Examined by GEODISC Program Source: APCRC, GEODISC, Geoscience Australia
GHG Emissions Sources 2000 52 50 2 5 Other Nat Gas 40 6 Petroleum 38 Coal 30 20 18 14 10 7 0 3 3 2 Stationary Energy (Electricity) Transport Agriculture Land Use, Forestry Waste Other Industrial Percent Source: AGO (2002) National Greenhouse Gas Inventory
Annual Growth in GDP and Primary Energy Consumption 6 4 2 % Economic Growth Energy Consumption -2-4 1977-78 1983-84 1989-90 1995-96 2001-02 2007-08 2013-14 2019-20
20 15 10 5 0 Energy Transformed Flagship Industrial Electricity Cost Comparison 18.6 15.9 14.9 11.5 11.0 10.3 10.3 9.8 9.8 9.7 9.6 9.4 9.4 9.2 9.1 8.9 8.4 8.1 7.8 7.7 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.4 6.2 3.1 Japan Italy Singapore Netherlands Belgium Portugal United Kingdom Ireland Argentian Croatia Spain Czech Republic Taiwan Korea Greece France Germany Poland Hungary Luxembourg Uinted States (NC) Czech Republic Canada AUSTRALIA Finland South Africa
PJ 2000 1500 1000 Growth in energy consumption NSW Vic QLD WA SA Tas NT 500 1998-99 1999-2000 2004-05 2009-10 2014-15 2019-20 Source: ABARE
Energy Transformed Theme 2 Low Emission Electricity Theme 3 Low Emission Transport Theme 4 Low Emission Distributed Energy Stream 1 Electricity from Fossil Fuels Stream 2 Electricity from Renewable Sources Stream 1 Hydrogen ready vehicle technology Stream 2 Intelligent Transport Stream 1 Distributed generation Stream 2 Waste heat utilisation Stream 3 Energy management technologies Theme 1: Energy Futures Stream 1 System constraints Stream 2 Scenarios & Technology Diffusion Stream 3 Social & Environmental Impacts