Social 7 Ch 3 Study Guide /63 Name: Define the following terms. Use the glossary to help you. /13 Mercantilism- Sovereignty- Monopoly- Factories- allowed an imperial country to become rich in gold and silver by selling the resources taken from its colonies. A country that is self- governing and independent of external powers. When only one company or group is allowed to sell or trade a product in a certain area. A fur trading fort for the Hudson Bay Company Mercantile system- The system that allows the home country to gather resources from the colony and sell them for profit. Rupert s Land- The land given to the Hudson Bay Company to run the fur trade for the British Imports- Exports- Any goods being brought into the country Any goods leaving the country Chief Factor- The person in charge of a Hudson Bay Factory Treaty of Utrecht- The treaty that allowed the French to keep control of the Fortress of Louisbourg and gave Acadia to the British. Scurvy- Assimilation- A mariners disease caused by the lack of Vitamin C A process by which a culture or group of cultures merge into a more dominant culture. For example: The English tried to assimilate the First Nations into the English culture.
Soft Gold- A Sea Otter pelt Who were the following people and what did they do in the Thirteen Colonies? /14 James Cook- Henry Kelsey- He was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the Royal Navy. Looked for the Northwest Passage A fur trading explorer. He convinced the First Nations to trade with the British. Samuel Hearne- A British sailor that set out with the Dene Nation to find other resources like Gold and Copper. Pierre Radisson- Part of the fur trading partnership that eventually started the Hudson Bay Company Acadians- French settlers that settled in Acadia (modern day Nova Scotia) Beothuk- An extinct First Nation group from New Found land. They were hunted and starved into extinction. John Cabot- Italian explorer who sailed for Britain. Explored outer reaches of New Found land and found the cod fisheries. George Vancouver- English explorer looking for the Northwest Passage Anthony Henday- British explorer, tried to convince the Siksika to trade with the Hudson Bay Company and not the NWC. Sir Walter Raleigh- British explorer, cast out of Britain because of a disagreement with Queen Elizabeth 1, Founded the 13 colonies on the coast of what is now the USA. Lord Cornwallis- Governor of Halifax that gave the order to annoy, distress take or destroy the Mi kmaq nation.
Shanawdithit- Last surviving member of the Beothuk. Renamed Nancy, surrendered to the British and through a variety of circumstances, solved the massacure on Red Indian Lake and helped to imprison those responsible. She tried to write down as much of her Beothuk culture as possible before she died of Tuberculosis. Matonabbee- Leader of the Dene. Helped Samuel Hearne in his hunt for other resources. Henry Hudson- British explorer looking for the Northwest Passage. Was caught in ice one of his expeditions and his crew mutinied and sailed home leaving Hudson and a few men adrift on the ice. That body of water was later named Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait. List four reasons why Britain built colonies in North America. /4 1,The economy. Britain wanted money from their colony 2,Competition. They wanted to be the most powerful. 3,Quality of Life. Britain was overcrowded and it was a good place to resettle people 4,Religious freedom. Many religious groups fought for control of Britain. The colonies were a place to escape persecution 3 specific details that show how each of the Thirteen Colonies was unique from one another. /3 1, social structure climate 2, religious groups different goals 3, types of government employment opportunities
Compare Britain s Colonies to that of France. CLIMATE: /2 British- Mild especially Southern colonies could farm year round French- Winters were extremely long and cold. This is where the thick furs came in handy. TRADE: /2 British- The 13 colonies were allowed to trade with other countries not just Britain. French- New France was only allowed to trade with France GOALS THEY WANTED TO ACHIEVE IN THEIR COLONY: /2 British- wanted to set up large settlements to gain economic and Military control over the other imperial countries. French- Collect the resources (fur, timber, fish and metal ore) from the land Why is mercantilism important to exploration and settlement? /2 1,They could make money from imports and exports 2,This gave funds to set up settlements and explore elsewhere Competition for land and resources in North America was between two main countries. What two countries? /2 1,France 2,England Where did Sir Walter Raleigh try to explore and colonize? Why was he unsuccessful? /2 He tried to explore North America especially the Eastern Seaboard. He was Not successful because of the hard life in New England. What was the biggest SOCIAL reason that the people of Britain wanted to colonize other parts of the world? /1
They could practice their own religious beliefs freely and the cities were crowded and dirty back in Europe. The Thirteen Colonies all had ONE thing in common they ALL wanted to create an ECONOMY that was dependent on more than one item so they would not end up desperate and in poverty as many had been back in Britain. The OPPORTUNITY to create a better life was available in the Thirteen Colonies. You could be successful or not but everyone had the same amazing chances. Atlantic Canada was developed after the explorer known as John Cabot or Giovanni Caboto came to the region and returned to the King of England with the news of the large amounts of fish. /2 The Beothuk people were victims of violence and disease. (Choose: luck, disease, education, religion, violence) /2 What were the two most important outcomes of the building of the Fort at Halifax (beginning of Ch 3)? *Hint: voting and lending a hand in the community. /2 1,active citizenship 2,free elections What were Pierre Radisson and Sieur des Groseilliers best known for? /1 They were Cour de bois that started the Hudson Bay Company The British set up fur trading forts in the Hudson s Bay region, which led to conflict with the French fur traders. What was lost (if only for a short time)? /1 The Hudson Bay Factories (Rupert House, Moose Factory, Albany Factory and York Factory) What was created? /1 The Treaty of Utrecht which brought peace between England and France (New England and New France)
How did the French fur traders react when the HBC moved into the Hudson Bay region and created the trading posts? /1 It brought more violence and war between England and France. What was the Hudson s Bay Company? What country did it trade for? English fur trading company England. /2 Who did they trade with? /1 First Nations. What was the North West Company? What country did it trade for? French fur trading company France /2 Who did they trade with? First Nations /1