RAVEN BLACKS SPECIALTY APPLICATIONS REQUIRE POWERFUL SOLUTIONS

RAVEN BLACKS SPECIALTY APPLICATIONS REQUIRE POWERFUL SOLUTIONS RAVEN BLACKS

RAVEN BLACKS A carbon black's application performance is determined by its nature and the level of dispersion achieved. The most important physical and chemical properties include particle size, surface area, porosity, structure, surface chemistry, and physical form. The level of dispersion in any given formulation is strongly influenced by the mixing equipment and procedures used. PARTICLE SIZE exerts a primary Carbon black particle showing Paracrystalline microstructure Carbon black aggregate - the true primary unit of carbon black influence on color properties. Finer particle size leads to j e t t e r (darker) color and higher viscosity, but requires increased dispersion energy. Particle size is measured by electron microscopy. SURFACE AREA is used for quality control purposes and is a function of the carbon black s particle size and porosity. Smaller particle diameter gives rise to higher surface area. High surface area is usually associated with greater blackness and higher viscosity. POROSITY is indicated by comparing a carbon black s external surface area predicted by EMSA and STSA, to the total surface area value obtained with the BET NSA method. High color and conductive carbon blacks tend to have a high degree of porosity. STRUCTURE is a measure of the three-dimensional fusion of carbon black particles to form aggregates. Highly structured carbon blacks provide higher viscosity, greater electrical conductivity and easier dispersion. Measures of aggregate structure may be obtained from shape distributions from EM analysis, or oil absorption (OAN). SURFACE CHEMISTRY of Specialty Carbon Blacks generally refers to the oxygen-containing groups present on a carbon black's surface. Oxidized surfaces improve wettability, rheology and dispersion in selected vehicle systems. In other cases, oxidation increases electrical resistivity and makes carbon blacks more hydrophilic.the extent of surface oxidation is measured by determining the quantity of the volatile component on the carbon black. High volatile levels are associated with low ph. A number of Raven carbon blacks are post-treated to provide enhanced surface functionality. PHYSICAL FORM is important in matching a carbon black to the equipment by which it is to be dispersed. Powdered carbon blacks are recommended in low-shear dispersers and on three-roll mills. Beaded carbon blacks are recommended for shot mills, ball mills and other high energy equipment. Beading provides lower dusting, bulk handling capabilities, higher bulk densities and improved economics, while powdered carbon blacks offer improved dispersibility. FUNDAMENTAL CARBON BLACK PROPERTIES Fineness - Particle Size Distribution Structure - Aggregate Size/Shape Distribution INFLUENCE OF CARBON PROPERTIES ON APPLICATIONS PERFORMANCE Smaller Particle Size (Higher Surface Area) Blackness Tint UV Protection Electrical Conductivity Vehicle Demand and Viscosity Reduces Dispersibility Higher Structure (Increasing Oil Absorption) Reduces Improves Blackness and Tint Dispersibility Vehicle Demand and Viscosity Electrical Conductivity Porosity - Pore Size Distribution Higher Porosity (Higher ratio of NSA/STSA) Enables Vehicle Demand and Viscosity Electrical Conductivity Reduced Loadings in Conductive Applications Surface Chemistry - Surface Functionality Distribution Higher Surface Functionality (Higher Volatile) H H H Improves Reduces Lowers Vehicle Wetting Viscosity of Liquid Systems Electrical Conductivity Additional Properties Other Constituents - Sulfur, Ash, Residue, Etc. Physical Form - Beads or Powder FOR CARBON BLACK RECOMMENDATIONS BEST SUITED FOR YOUR APPLICATIONS, CONTACT YOUR BIRLA CARBON TECHNICAL REPRESENTATIVE

Typical Properties of Specialty Carbon Blacks D6556 D2414 D3265 2A-700 NSA STSA OAN Surface Surface Oil Absorption Area Area cm 3 /100g Tint % m2/g m2/g Beads Powder Strength Volatile Region Applications Comments PERFORMANCE FURNACE CARBON BLACKS Raven 7000 1 575 300 95 95 145 8.5 NA High color coatings, plastics & toner. Raven 5000 Ultra II 1 583 350 95 95 135 10.5 NA Raven 5000 Ultra III 1 583 350 95 95 135 10.5 NA Raven 3500 1 375 212 105 105 145 5.0 NA Raven 2500 Ultra 270 206 65 67 147 - NA Raven 2300 Ultra 190 170 50 52 130 - Asia Raven 2000 194 168 65 70 144 - NA Automotive topcoat & engineering plastics applications. Raven 5000 Ultra III provides added benefit of very high purity. Coatings and engineering plastics applications. Raven 1255 1 122 119 66 66 135 2.7 NA Premium offset inks & specialty coatings. Raven 1250 113 102 55 60 128 - NA Coatings & plastics applications. Raven 1220 Ultra 124 112 77-131 - NA Fiber applications. Raven 1200 106 104 55 60 128 - NA Coatings & plastics applications. Raven 1190 Ultra 113 100 57-125 - NA Fiber applications. Raven 1180 1 110 97-60 128 2.7 NA Premium offset inks & specialty coatings. Raven 1170 107 101 55 60 124 - NA Inks, coatings & plastics applications. Raven 1100 Ultra 1 101 95 72 72 120 2.4 NA High quality sheetfed publication ink applications. Raven 1080 Ultra 1 79 77 60 60 109 1.6 NA Raven 1060 Ultra 1 66 65 50 50 102 1.6 NA High quality inks including heatset, sheet fed, & other inks; coating applications. Raven 1040 1 90 86 100 100 115 2.6 NA Raven 1035 1 91 91 65 65 125 2.4 NA Raven 1030 95 94 60-118 - NA Raven 1020 95 90 58 60 121 - NA Inks, coatings and plastics applications. Raven 1000 92 91-63 126 - NA Raven 900 82 81-108 102 - NA/Asia Raven 890 69 68-102 97 - NA Coatings applications. Raven 880 Ultra 78 76 102-102 - NA Raven 880 78 76 102-102 - Asia Plastics, geomembrane and other film applications. Raven 860 Ultra 48 48 48 50 91 - NA Offset inks - strong blue tone, high loading, ink concentrates. Raven 850 63 63 70 75 101 - NA Coatings, ink & plastisol applications.

Raven 820 73 71 120-100 - NA Flexographic ink applications. Raven 790 Ultra 64 64-105 95 - NA Sealant applications. Raven 780 Ultra 89 77 58 60 109 - NA Electrostatic dry toners. Raven 760 Ultra 64 64 48 50 102 - NA High quality inks including heatset, sheet fed, other inks & coating applications. Raven 520 / Raven 520 Ultra 40 39 121 128 58 - NA Raven 510 Ultra 38 38 90-57 - NA Plastic color concentrates for film, pipe & injection molding applications. Raven 500 44 44 75 80 69 - NA Coatings - tint applications. Raven 450 35 34 63 65 61 - NA Raven 430 Ultra 31 31 75 78 58 - NA Raven 425 29 29 72 75 54 - Asia Raven 420 28 28 72 75 50 - NA Raven 410 / Raven 410 Ultra 26 26 65 68 47 - NA Plastic color concentrates for film & injection molding applications, plastic compounds, carbon paper and powder coating applications. Blue undertone tints typical of lampblacks. Raven 415 / Raven 415 Ultra 32 32 65-61 - NA/Europe News ink applications & plastic concentrates. Raven 22 28 27-113 44 - NA Raven 16 30 29-105 46 - NA Blue undertone tints, carbon brush applications - lampblack replacements. Raven 14 1 44 44-111 66 1.7 NA Coating color concentrates - lampblack replacements. Raven H2O 1,2 45 45-111 66 2.2 NA Paper, building products - low dispersion energy requirements. Raven UV Ultra 124 112 114-118 - Asia UV protection, cable jackets and fiber applications. Raven P 155 109 113-107 - Europe Raven PFEB 107 91 98-105 - Europe Pipe applications. Raven P5 / Raven P5 Ultra 109 100 112 117 115 - NA / Asia Sealant, pipe, film & fiber applications. Raven L / Raven L Ultra 85 85 72 78 110 - NA / Asia Inks, coatings and plastics applications. Conductex SC Ultra 205 124 115 115 123 - NA Conductex K Ultra 185 125 141-115 - Asia Wire & Cable, ESD & other conductive applications. Conductex 7067 Ultra 63 54 140-65 - Asia Insulation shield, conductor shield & ESD applications. Conductex 7060 Ultra 63 56 156-70 - NA Conductex 7055 Ultra 55 50 170-61 - NA Conductex 7051 Ultra 43 42 121-55 - NA Conductex 7054 Ultra 43 42 122-60 - Asia Conductex 7091 39 39 121-58 Europe Wire & Cable, ESD & other conductive applications. Wire & Cable - insulation shield. Copeblack 890 139 119 113-123 - SA UV protection, plastic color concentrates for film and injection molding; ink applications. Copeblack 711 89 87 120-110 - SA Medium color plastic color concentrates & compounds. Copeblack 690 111 105 114-115 - SA UV protection, plastic color concentrates for film and injection molding; ink applications. Copeblack 450 76 76 72-111 - SA Medium color plastic color concentrates (high loading) & low rub-off news ink applications. Copeblack 282 78 78 102-103 - SA Medium color plastic color concentrates & geo membrane. Copeblack 193 40 39 54-69 - SA Medium color plastic color concentrates offering very high loading. Copeblack 49 39 38 121-57 - SA Plastic color concentrates for film and injection molding applications. Copeblack 35 34 33 90-56 - SA Plastic color concentrates for film & injection molding applications, plastic compounds, carbon paper, and Copeblack 25 31 30 65-55 - SA powder coatings applications. Blue undertone tints typical of lampblack. 1 - Surface oxidized, "Treated" grade Furnace Carbon Blacks FAQs treated grades typically range in ph from 3-3.5 Nominal specific gravity of 1.80 non-treated grades typically range in ph from 6.5-8.0 Color Index No.77266 Pigment Black 7 Note: OAN and tint strength are measured prior to treatment CAS No 1333-86 Rev 09/2012 2 - Industry specific treatment for enhanced dispersion and handling properties Ultra indicates carbon black having high purity with exceptionally low levels of ash and residue. Raven, Statex, Ultra, and Conductex are registered trademarks of Columbian Chemicals Co. Copeblack is a registered trademark of Columbian Chemicals Brasil. The information presented within this publication is based on the Company's research and the research of others but neither its accuracy nor completeness is guaranteed. THE COMPANY DISCLAIMS ALL REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES REGARDING ACCURACY, STABILITY, RELIABILITY, OR USE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING IMPLIED WARRANTIES AND OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. The user is responsible for determining the suitability of any product for a specific purpose. No suggestion for use is intended as or should be construed as a recommendation to infringe any existing patent or to violate any federal, state, or local law or regulation. Before handling, using, or processing any material, always read the Material Safety Data Sheet.

COA TING S PL ASTIC S INK TONERS Specialty Carbon Blacks are used in a wide variety of applications including printing inks, toners, coatings, plastics, paper and building products. The selection of a specific carbon black for an application depends on the end product requirements as well as processing conditions. SPECIALTY CARBON BLACK APPLICATIONS ULTRA SPECIALTY CARBON BLACKS Birla Carbon furnace carbon blacks are high performance pigments targeted for use in demanding applications. Carbon black purity and consistency of performance, always important, are now recognized as being critical to continuing quality improvement. Birla Carbon, committed to improving its quality and meeting the needs of the customers it serves, has developed furnace carbons that are of the highest purity available. These are referred to as Ultra carbons. Ultra carbon blacks benefit various application systems by providing greater uniformity, increased compatibility, improved dispersion, better processing, longer screen life, jetter color development, and reduced scrap. Birla Carbon s Ultra performance carbons are designed for use in critical quality products with cost effective benefits. COATINGS may be formulated with an extremely wide range of Birla Carbon carbon blacks, ranging from Raven 410 for low-cost utility finishes to Raven 5000 Ultra II & Raven 5000 Ultra III for high quality, extremely jet, blue undertone automotive applications. Carbon blacks primarily used for tinting are coarse and have broad particle size distributions. Grades with these properties provide good economics coupled with a desired blue tone and best resistance to flooding and flocculation. For use in machine colorant concentrates, coarse carbon blacks, especially the lampblack replacements, are usually specified. Raven 14, a post-treated lampblack replacement, can provide sufficient mass color, strong tint strength, high loading capability and good dispersibility. PLASTICS carbon black requirements are also diverse. Carbon black may be incorporated into thermosets or thermoplastics for color, tint or functional reasons. The entire spectrum of carbon blacks is employed in mass color plastic applications and use will depend upon loading, dispersion and cost. Again as in coatings, the coarser carbon blacks are excellent choices in applications where blue tone, tint strength, ease of dispersion and high gloss are preferred. Carbon blacks, marketed under the Conductex trade name, provide different degrees of electrical conductivity for a wide range of plastics requirements. Conductex 7055 Ultra offers optimum conductivity with minimal contribution to viscosity in applications such as wire & cable, ESD, as well as conductive coatings. By contrast, oxidized carbon blacks such as Raven 1255 tend to be less conductive and may be used where controlled electrical insulating properties are required. Fiber applications benefit from the excellent filterability of Raven 1190 Ultra and Raven 1220 Ultra. For applications requiring very high jetness such as engineering plastics parts, Raven 2000, Raven 2300 Ultra and Raven 2500 Ultra are recommended. INK grade carbon blacks are generally medium to coarse in particle size and are used for their masstones rather than tint properties. In fluid ink applications such as publication and packaging gravure, Raven 450 and 460 are widely used because of their rheology, ease of dispersion and blue tone. Raven LU is used when the masstone requirements are higher. High quality paste (oil) inks may be formulated with Raven 760 Ultra, 860 Ultra, 1100 Ultra, 1000, or 1255 depending on specific requirements. SPECIFIC carbon black grades have been engineered by Birla Carbon for specialized industries. Raven H2O is a surfactant-treated product, which is hydrophilic and useful in the building product industries for applications such as roofing granules, concrete mortar, and the paper industry where low shear dispersibility is needed. Raven UV Ultra is an industry standard for ultra violet protection. Raven 1190 Ultra and Raven 1220 have been developed for the fiber industry.

BIRLA CARBON SALES CONTACTS NORTH AMERICA Columbian Chemicals Co. 1800 West Oak Commons Court Marietta, Georgia 30062-2253 Tel: 1.800.438.6968 / 1.770.792.9335 Fax: 1.770.792.9417 EUROPE Columbian Chemicals Europa GmbH Podbielskistr. 160 D 30177 Hannover, Germany Tel: 49.511.630.890 Fax: 49.511.630.8912 SOUTH AMERICA Columbian Chemicals Brazil, Ltda Rua do Café, 277 4 andar (Cj 402) torre B Centro Empresarial do Aço Jabaquara São Paulo SP Brazil CEP: 04311-900 Phone (55.11) 3598-3800 Fax (55.11) 3598-3844 NORTH ASIA Columbian Chemicals Korea Co., Ltd. 7th FL., Tae-Woo Building 1357-10 Seocho-Dong Seocho-Gu Seoul, 137-070 South Korea Tel: 82.2.2186.1674 Fax: 82.2.2186.1640 SOUTH ASIA Hi- Tech Carbon 96B, Ahura Centre, 2nd Floor, MIDC Andheri (East), Mumbai 400 093 India Tel: 91.22.66928509 Fax: 91.22.66928501 SOUTHEAST ASIA Thai Carbon Black Public Co., Ltd. 888/122, Mahatun Plaza, Ploenchit Road, Pathumwan, Lumpini, Bangkok 10330 Thailand Tel: 66.22.551740 Fax: 66.22.532812 TECHNICAL INQUIRY TEAM email: CCC.Specialty@AdityaBirla.com GLOBAL HEADQUARTERS BIRLA CARBON Headquarters and Technology Center 1800 West Oak Commons Court Marietta, Georgia 30062-2253 Tel: 1.770.792.9400 Tel: 1.800.235.4003 Fax 1.770.792.9417 Rev. 10/2012 www.birlacarbon.com The information presented within this publication is based on the Company's research and the research of others but neither its accuracy nor completeness is guaranteed. THE COMPANY DISCLAIMS ALL REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES REGARDING ACCURACY, PERFORMANCE, STABILITY, RELIABILITY, OR USE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.The user is responsible for determining the suitability of any product for a specific purpose. No suggestion for use is intended as or should be construed as a recommendation to infringe any existing patent or to violate any federal, state, or local law or regulation. Before handling, using, or processing any material, always read its Material Safety Data Sheet.