Rolls-Royce Technology for Future Aircraft Engines RAeS Hamburg March 20 2014 Ulrich Wenger, Head of Engineering & Technology Rolls-Royce Deutschland 2014 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG The information in this document is the property of Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG and may not be copied or communicated to a third party, or used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied without the express written consent of Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG. This information is given in good faith based upon the latest information available to Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG, no warranty or representation is given concerning such information, which must not be taken as establishing any contractual or other commitment binding upon Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG or any of its subsidiary or associated companies. Trusted to deliver excellence
o Content 1. Introduction to Rolls-Royce 2 o 2. Engine Technology in the Past o Engines for Commercial Jets o o Turboprops Engines for Business Jets o 3. Sustainable Aviation o ACARE / Flight Path 2050 Targets o Future Engine Concepts o 4. Technology Development at Rolls-Royce
1. Introduction to Rolls-Royce: Power Systems for 4 Markets 3
2013 Financial Highlights 4
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Rolls-Royce Deutschland 2013 at a Glance 6
Sustainable Growth in Germany 7
Rolls-Royce in Germany 8 Rolls-Royce Power Systems Friedrichshafen
2. Engine Technology in the Past 9 First jet propelled flight took place 75 years ago: Heinkel He 178 with HeS3 designed by Pabst von Ohain, 27.08.1939 Rostock Source: Wikipedia First commercial jet airplane 1949/52: DeHavilland Comet DH106 DeHaviland Ghost at first flight. Rolls-Royce Avon engines on production aircrafts. (later also in S.A. Caravelle)
Supersonic 10 Concorde, RR/Snecma Olympus, Turbojet Engine First flight: 21.01.1976 No of Aircraft built: 16(+4) Cruise Speed: Ma 2,2
RR Olympus, developed by Bristol Aero Engines for Vulcan Bomber 11 Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Engine Design RR Olympus 12 Turbojet engine, no bypass flow Medium pressure ratio Variable geometry at inlet and exhaust (afterburner) Minimum frontal area Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Turboprops 13 Turboprop Engine RR Dart 2 axial-centrifugal compressors Tubular combustor First run 1946 Commercial airplanes: Fokker F27 Friendship Vickers Viscount Douglas DC-3 re-engineing Gulfstream GI Convair 600/640 YS-11 Source: Wikipedia Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Turboprops 14 Turboprop Engine RR Tyne Applications in military aircraft: Breguet Atlantique, maritime patrol Transall C-160 First flight Atlantique: 21.10.1961 Medium air speed, conventional propeller delivers good efficiency Low fuel burn requires moderate pressure ratio of about 13,5. Two shaft core engine allows very effective components Source: Wikipedia
Turboprops 15 Airbus A400M EPI TP400 D6 Air speed nearly at jet level (Ma 0,72) => modern propeller with complex control required (one power lever to control per engine) Low fuel burn on long missions => Turboprop with high pressure ratio(ca. 26); optimum component efficiencies; 2 shaft core, free power turbine First flight of the engine on C-130 testbed: 17.12.2008
Bypass Engine RR Conway 16 First bypass engine in commercial service 2 shafts, 2 axial compressors BPR=0,6 Commercial airplanes: Boeing 707 Douglas DC-8 Source: Wikipedia Rolls-Royce proprietary information
High Bypass Engine RR RB 211 17 3 shafts BPR ca. 5 Wide Chord Fan (Honeycomb) on later versions (-535, -524) Commercial airplanes: Boeing 757, 767, 747 Lockheed L 1011 Tristar Source: Wikipedia Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Modern Commercial Jets 18 18 A380, RR Trent 900
Trent XWB - Advanced Technology for A350 19 Hollow lightweight titanium fan system Integrated intelligent engine health monitoring Full 3D aero compressors Low emissions combustor Advanced materials Turbine end wall profiling Soluble core HP turbine blades Bearing load management Blisk technology 2 stage IP turbine Rolls-Royce proprietary information Copyright: Airbus
Milestones Business Jets 20 Gulfstream GI RR Dart Gulfstream GII RR Spey Gulfstream GIII RR Spey Gulfstream GIV RR Tay Gulfstream G350/450 RR Tay 8C Gulfstream GV/G550 BR710 Gulfstream G650 BR725 Rolls-Royce proprietary information
BR725 Engine for Gulfstream G650 Smoke free combustor 21 New 3stage LPT New swept fan, Trent technology, increased diameter, increased bypass ratio 16 lobe mixer for minimal jet noise Improved HPC with 5 stages of blisk
3. Sustainable Aviation Climate Change (CO 2 Emissions) Circa 1900 Today 22 Noise problematic close to Airports 1 DC9-50 0.5 Startbahn 0 737-200 85 db(a) Take-off Noise RJ100 Pasterz Glacier, Austria Pasterz Gletscher, Österreich -0.5 717-200 -1-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rolls-Royce proprietary information
8.5 Man-made Greenhouse greenhouse gas emissions gas emissions (all gasses) (all for gasses) (2005) 4.3 4.0 3.2 2.3 1.6 28.0 Electricity and heat Agriculture, land use change and forestry Manufacturing and construction Transport 23 Other fuel combustion Industrial processes 10.4 Fugitive emissions Waste 11.9 25.9 Marine Aviation ~1050 million tonnes of CO 2 per year ~700 million tonnes of CO 2 per year Source: World Resources Institute 2005 Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Global Aviation CO2 Emissions Scenario 24 Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Flightpath 2050 Goals to take ACARE beyond 2020 25 The Advisory Council for Aviation Research and Innovation in Europe (ACARE) has set new technology goals to achieve by 2050 75% reduction in CO 2 per passenger kilometre 90% reduction in NOx emissions, and 65% reduction in noise Requires Improvement in all areas Strategic Research & Innovation Agenda goals: Meeting Societal and Market Needs Maintaining and Extending Industrial Leadership Protecting the Environment and the Energy Supply Ensuring Safety and Security Airframe Engine ATM & Operations Prioritising Research, Testing Capabilities & Education Rolls-Royce proprietary information
ACARE 2020 and Flight Path 2050 Targets X X 26 Trent 1000 is 12% more fuel efficient than Trent 800 Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Alternative Fuels 27 Rolls-Royce proprietary information
4. Technology Development at Rolls-Royce 28 Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Turbofan Thermodynamic Cycle Efficiencies 29 0.70 0.700 0.725 Specific Fuel Consumption lb / hr / lbf @ 0.8Mn 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 practical limit for low NOx theoretical limit stoichiometric TET, optimum componenten efficiency, 80+ OPR. Current Rolls-Royce HBR engines 0.750 0.775 0.800 0.600 0.625 0.825 0.575 0.850 0.550 propulsive efficiency prop 0.875 30% theoretical improvement at Ma 0.8 0.525 0.900 0.925 0.500 0.950 0.975 1.000 0.475 0.4 theoretical limit 0.425 for Open Rotor propulsive 0.450 efficiency thermal efficiency th x transfer efficiency tran
Fuel Burn Reduction and CO2 Improvements 30 2 nd Generation BPR<5 PW JT8D, RR Conway Commercial Jets +12-15% Reference - 5-8 % - 10% - 15 % 3rd Generation BPR=5-8 RB211, Trent 700, V2500 New Architectures 4th Generation BPR=8-10 Trent 500/900, GP7000 5th Generation BPR>10 Trent 1000, GENX ATF or GTF BPR >11 UHBR, BPR>20, CRTF - 20 % ACARE Vision 2020 Target Open rotor, BPR>35 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 Year 2030 Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Process Temperatures, Trends 31 High OR cycles increase turbine entry temperatures Required HPT technology: Materials & Coatings Cooling design & airsystem design S s S S S S Y y Type Test Turbine Entry Temperatures (TET) Current Development Engines Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Composite Fan Research today 32 Eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee E e Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Rolls-Royce Carbon-Titanium Fan, CTi Fan Composite/Ti fan blade for next generation large engine
Rolls-Royce UltraFan With further increasing bypass ratios, a geared LP-system offers benefits Current nacelle designs with TRU could be replaced by variable pitch composite fan (VP fan) and variable area nozzle (VAN)
Technology Demonstrators 35
Potential Game Changers 36 Open rotor Integrated electrical systems Engine Airframe Optimisation Advanced Cycles ICR Pressure Gain Combustion Adaptive cycles
Turboelectric Hybrid Propulsion (NASA Concept) 37 Seperate power- and thrust generation Blended wing body with maximum L/D ratio Electrcally driven fans with wing boundary layer suction Source: Paper ISABE 2011-1340 Gas turbine in wing tips generates electrical power Rolls-Royce proprietary information
econcept (Airbus/Rolls-Royce) 38 Source: Airbus Blended Wing Body 1 GT-Engine with Generators 6 electrically driven Fans Battery to store electrical energy econcept presented by EADS at Aero Salon Paris 2013 Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Summary 39 Gasturbines still have a lot of potential in aircraft propulsion Rolls-Royce and the aerospace industry carry out a lot of research to fulfil the challenging ACARE targets which will make air travel more sustainable. This overview presented some of the technologies on which RR works currently My personal opinion about future air transport: In 20 years we will still fly, and probably subsonic Gasturbines will largely generate the power for aircraft propulsion We will see more propellers and hybrid systems in use on aircraft Rolls-Royce data