Resources of the American Concrete Pipe Association

Resources of the American Concrete Pipe Association The American Concrete Pipe Association is a nonprofit organization comprised of manufacturers of concrete pipe and box culverts, as well as manufacturers of equipment and providers of products and services related to the concrete pipe industry. The ACPA was established in 1907 and member companies are located throughout the United States, Canada and in over 30 foreign countries. The ACPA provides members with research, technical, government relations, and marketing support to promote and advance the use of concrete pipe for drainage and pollution control applications. The ACPA Resource Catalog includes an extensive list of publications and technical information, many of which are downloadable at no charge from the ACPA website at www.concrete-pipe.org. To order resources from this catalog, please contact the ACPA Resource Center. If you need additional information about concrete pipe which is not contained in this Resource Catalog, please contact the ACPA. ACPA Resource Center 800-290-2272 (to place an order) NOTE: Prices are subject to change. Telephone: 972-506-7216 Fax: 972-506-7682 info@concrete-pipe.org www.concrete-pipe.org

CLICK HERE RESOURCE CATALOG TABLE OF CONTENTS CLICK ON BOX OR TYPE TO MOVE TO PUBLICATIONS CLICK HERE CLICK HERE CLICK HERE CLICK HERE CLICK HERE CLICK HERE CLICK HERE CLICK HERE Alphabetical Listing of Publications CLICK HERE CLICK HERE CLICK HERE CLICK HERE CLICK HERE CLICK HERE CLICK HERE CLICK HERE CLICK HERE CLICK HERE CLICK HERE CLICK HERE CLICK HERE CLICK HERE Design Information Durability Hydraulics Installation Standards Structural Manuals Marketing Tools CLICK HERE CLICK HERE CLICK HERE CLICK HERE Brochures Buried Facts Concrete Pipe Insights C.P. Info Dispatch You Should Know Bulletins Research Software Technical Series Design Data Hydraulics Installation Loads and Supporting Strength Miscellaneous Video Member Only Publications Antitrust Guidelines Safety

4 American Concrete Pipe Association ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATION NAME ITEM NO. PAGE NO. You Can Move to Publications by Clicking on Listing ACPA S Annual Book of Selected ASTM Standards for Concrete Pipe... No. 09-100... 20 Antitrust Guidelines for Members... 79 ASCE 15-98 Standard Practice for Direct Design of Buried Precast Concrete Pipe Using Standard Installation (SIDD)... No. 21-100... 20 ASCE 27-00 Standard Practice for Direct Design of Precast Concrete Pipe for Jacking in Trenchless Construction... No. 21-200... 21 ASCE 26-97 Standard Practice for Direct Design of Buried Precast Concrete Box Sections... No. 21-300... 22 ASCE 28-00 Standard Practice for Direct Design of Buried Precast Concrete Box Sections For Jacking in Trenchless Construction... No. 21-400... 23 BOXCAR (CD)... No. 15-401... 60 BURIED FACTS Fires in Sewers and Culverts... 43 Culvert Durability Study - Review and Implementation... 43 Hydraulic Design Considerations... 43 Bid Evaluation by Least Cost Analysis... 42 Structural Design Considerations... 42 Extraneous Flow in Sanitary Sewers... 42 Plastic Pipe Claims... 42 Culvert Inspection... 41 Bibliography - Pipe Material Durability... 41 CAPE (CD)... No. 15-905... 61 Cargo Securement Regulations for the Concrete Pipe Industry... No. 10-101... 80 Concrete Pipe and the Soil-Structure System... No. 06-101... 26 Concrete Pipe Design Manual... No. 01-101... 29 Concrete Pipe Design Manual/CD... No. 15-101... 29 Concrete Pipe Handbook... No. 01-102... 30 CONCRETE PIPE INSIGHTS Durability: Too Important to Ignore... No. CPI-01... 44 Hydraulics: Check the Comparisons... No. CPI-02... 44 Handling and Installation Comparisons... No. CPI-03... 44

American Concrete Pipe Association 5 PUBLICATION NAME ITEM NO. PAGE NO. Concrete or HDPE: Strength versus Stiffness... No. CPI-04... 44 Concrete Pipe Joints: Your Best Choice... No. CPI-05... 44 Compaction Equipment and Construction Loads... No. CPI-06... 44 Precast Concrete Culverts Shrug Off the Cold... No. CPI-07... 44 Concrete Pipe Installation Manual... No. 01-103... 30 Concrete Pipe Installation Procedures... No. 07-117... 18 Concrete Pipe Joints: The Best Choice... No. 07-124... 34 Concrete Pipe Technology Handbook... No. 01-104... 31 Condition Investigation of HDPE Pipe In-Service in the United States (Six States) for the American Concrete Pipe Association, Irving, Texas... 58-59 C.P. INFO C.P. INFO - ASTM C76 Reinforcement Design Changes and Related Research... 45 C.P. INFO - Culvert Velocity Reductions by Internal Energy Dissipators... 45 C.P. INFO - Culvert Velocity Reduction with an Outlet Expansion... 46 C.P. INFO - Precast Concrete Box Sections... 46 C.P. INFO - Effects of Cracks in Reinforced Concrete Sanitary Sewer Pipe... 46 C.P. INFO - Effects of Cracks in Reinforced Concrete Culvert Pipe... 46 C.P. INFO - Life Factor Design of RCP Sewers... 47 C.P. INFO - Significance of Cracks in Concrete Pipe... 47 C.P. INFO - Precast Concrete Pipe Durability... 47 C.P. INFO - Lateral Pressure and Bedding Factors... 47 Culvert Restoration Techniques... No. 03-168... 18 DASH (CD)... No. 15-500... 62-63 DESIGN DATA Design Data 1 & DD 1 Metric - Highway Live Loads on Circular Concrete Pipe... 72 Design Data 3 - Railway Loads on Concrete Pipe... 72 Design Data 3 - Hydraulic Performance Curves for Common Types of Culverts with Projection Inlets... 68 Design Data 4 - Hydraulic Capacity of Sewers... 67 Design Data 5 - Equivalent Flow Capacity of Sewers... 67

6 American Concrete Pipe Association PUBLICATION NAME ITEM NO. PAGE NO. Design Data 7 & DD 7 Metric - Transition Width... 72 Design Data 8 - Hydraulics of Culverts: 12-inch Through 21-inch Diameter Pipe... 68 Design Data 9 - Hydraulics of Culverts: 24-inch Through 48-inch Diameter Pipe... 69 Design Data 10 - Hydraulics of Culverts: 54-inch Through 90-inch Diameter Pipe... 69 Design Data 10 - Manning s n Values: History of Research... 67 Design Data 11 - Hydraulics of Culverts: 96-inch Through 144-inch Diameter Pipe... 69 Design Data 12 - Precast Concrete Manholes... 74 Design Data 13 - Jacking Concrete Pipe... 73 Design Data 15 - Aircraft Loads... 73 Design Data 17 - Loads and Supporting Strengths of Elliptical and Arch Pipe... 73 Design Data 18 - Hydraulics of Culverts: Horizontal Elliptical Concrete Pipe vs. Corrugated Metal Pipe Arch... 69 Design Data 19 - Hydraulics of Culverts: Horizontal Elliptical Concrete Pipe vs. Structural Plate Pipe Arch... 70 Design Data 20 - Hydraulics of Culverts: Concrete Arch Pipe vs. Corrugated Metal Pipe Arch... 70 Design Data 21 & DD 21 Metric - Curved Alignment... 71 Design Data 22 & DD 22 Metric - Flotation of Circular Concrete Pipe... 74 Design Data 25 - Three-Edge Bearing Strengths: Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe and Clay Pipe... 74 Design Data 25 & DD 25 Metric - Life Cycle Cost Analysis... 74 Design Data 26 - Hydraulic Capacity of Precast Concrete Boxes... 70 Design Data 27 - Hydraulics of Culverts: Precast Concrete Box Sections 3-foot through 6-foot Spans... 70 Design Data 28 - Hydraulics of Culverts: Precast Concrete Box Sections 7-foot through 10-foot Spans... 71 Design Data 29 - Multiple Pipe Installation - Trench Condition... 73-74 Design Data 33 - Precast Concrete Box Sections Partial Flow Conditions... 71 Design Data 34 - Hydraulics of Culverts: Precast Concrete Box Sections 11-foot and 12-foot Spans... 71 Design Data 35 - Partial Flow Conditions: Circular Concrete Pipe... 67 Design Data 36 - Partial Flow Conditions: Arch Concrete Pipe... 68 Design Data 37 - Partial Flow Conditions: Elliptical Concrete Pipe... 68 Design Data 39 - Low Pressure Air Testing of Sewers... 75 Design Data 40 - Standard Installations and Bedding Factors for the Indirect Design Method... 74 Design Data 41 Manhole Flotation... 75

American Concrete Pipe Association 7 PUBLICATION NAME ITEM NO. PAGE NO. Design Manual for Sulfide and Corrosion Prediction and Control... No. 01-110... 31 Design Manual Order and Corrosion Control in Sanitary Systems and Treatment Plants... No. 05-162... 33 Design Method for Reinforced Concrete Pipe and Box Sections... No. 06-126... 27 Dispatch Abrasion a Concern in Fiber Cement Pipe... Volume 1, Number 5... 48 Dreams Float Away - Drainage Pipe Selection Deprives Residents of Money and More... No. 08-104... 48 A Case in Point for Choosing Concrete Pipe... No. 08-103... 48 HDPE Pipe Material Requirements... Volume 1, Number 2... 48 The Economic Cost of Culvert Failures... No. 03-246... 58 Engineering Manual - Conduits, Culverts and Pipes (EM 1110-2-2902)... No. 03-241... 32 Essentials of Quality: Cements & Aggregates (video)... No. 12-400... 76 Evaluation of Highway Culvert Coating Performance... No. 03-136...11 Field Performance of Protective Linings for Concrete and Corrugated Steel Pipe Culverts... No. 03-182...11 Fill Height Tables... No.16-201... 24 Flotation (Buoyancy) Comparison... No. 07-125... 35 Friction Factor Tests on Concrete Pipe...No. 06-111... 14 Hydraulic Calculator for Sewer Design Based on Manning s n Formula... No. 06-103... 16 Hydraulic Data Comparison of Concrete and Corrugated Metal Culvert Pipes...No. 05-111... 14 Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts... No. 06-109... 16 Hydraulic Efficiency... No. 07-127... 36 Hydraulic Flow Resistance Factors for Corrugated Metal Conduits... No. 03-108... 15 The Infrastructure is Collapsing... No. 07-128... 37

8 American Concrete Pipe Association PUBLICATION NAME ITEM NO. PAGE NO. Material Safety Data Sheet... 80 New Installation Designs for Buried Concrete Pipe... No. 03-231... 24 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe Brochure... No. 07-123... 38 PIPECAR (CD)... No. 15-301... 64 Pipeline Installation... No. 05-126... 19 PipePac (CD)... No. 15-900... 65-66 Portland Cement Association and American Concrete Pipe Association Joint Promotion Materials The Concrete Pipe Advantage: Built for the Future VHS Tape... No. 07-231... 77 CD-ROM... No. 07-230... 77 Brochure... No. 07-232... 77 FAQ Brochure... No. 07-233... 77 The Concrete Pipe Advantage: Long Term Structural Integrity VHS Tape... No. 07-201... 78 CD-ROM... No. 07-200... 78 Brochure... No. 07-202... 78 FAQ Brochure... No. 07-203... 78 The Concrete Pipe Advantage: Installation Success VHS Tape... No. 07-210... 78 CD-ROM... No. 07-211... 78 Brochure... No. 07-212... 78 FAQ Brochure... No. 07-213... 78 The Concrete Pipe Advantage: Quality You Can Count On VHS Tape... No. 07-220... 78 CD-ROM... No. 07-221... 78 Brochure... No. 07-222... 78 FAQ Brochure... No. 07-223... 78 Project Report - Concrete Pipe and Dumped Bedding and Embedment... No. 16-100... 25 Resistance to Flow in Two Types of Concrete Pipe... No. 06-108... 17 Safety Alert Bulletins... 81 Bulletin - Modifications to Occupational Injury and Illness Reporting and Reporting Requirements (OSHA 300)... 81 Bulletin 102 - Working Around Suspended Loads... 81 Bulletin 103 - Proper Lockout/Tagout Procedure... 81 Bulletin 104 - Pedestrians and Powered Industrial trucks... 81

American Concrete Pipe Association 9 PUBLICATION NAME ITEM NO. PAGE NO. Bulletin 105 - Silica Update - Issues & Solutions... 81 Bulletin 106 - Automated External Defibrillators in the Work Place... 81 Bulletin 107 - Confined Space Regulations - Are You in Compliance?... 81 Bulletin 108 - Drug and Alcohol Testing - Do it Legally... 81 Bulletin 109 - Safety for Visitors, Vendors and Contractors... 81 Bulletin 110 - General Duty Clause... 81 Bulletin 111 - Where Did the Tier II Report Requirements Come From?... 81 Bulletin 112 - Proper Machine Safeguarding... 81 Bulletin 113 - OSHA s Silica Standards and How It Affects Your Operation... 81 Bulletin 114 - Pinch Points and Hand Injuries... 81 Safety Tool Kit (CD)... 82 Sewer System Evaluation, Rehabilitation and New Construction... No. 05-109... 32 SPIDA: An Analysis and Design System for Buried Concrete Pipe... No. 03-214... 28 Standard Installations... No. 07-126... 39 Study of Corrosion in Concrete Pipe Reinforcement as a Result of Minor Voids along the Reinforced Steel... No. 06-128... 12 A Study of Manning s Roughness Coefficient for Commercial Concrete and Plastic Pipes... No. 06-112... 13 U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Training Manual No. 7, Pipe Bedding and Backfill... No. 05-123... 25 Underground Storm Water Storage Systems - The Cost Effective, Efficient Way... No. 07-129... 40 You Should Know Bulletins... 49 Bulletin 101 - The Truth Behind Greenbook Acceptance of HDPE Specifications... 50 Bulletin 102 - PIQUA Project Punctures Plastic Pipe Promises... 50 Bulletin 103 - Microtunneling and RCP Keep Ontario Wetlands Intact... 50 Bulletin 104 - Consultants Run for Cover when Fiberglass Sewer Pipe Fails... 50 Bulletin 106 - Uni-Bell Comments on Pennsylvania Corrugated HDPE Pipe Study... 50 Bulletin 107 - Here s an Ad that Makes You Think... 51 Bulletin 109 - Technical Paper on Microtunneling (Reinforced Concrete Pipe for Jacking and Microtunneling)... 51

10 American Concrete Pipe Association Bulletin 111 (Replaces Bulletins 105 and 110) - Metal Pipe Failure in Wisconsin Lessons from the Kankapot Creek Culvert Collapse... 51 Bulletin 112 - Industry Experts Call for Stress Testing for HDPE Materials... 51 Bulletin 114 (Replaces Bulletin 113) - Country Counts on Concrete when Metal Pipes Fail... 52 Bulletin 116 - HDPE Pipe Claims on Internet Not Grounded in Fact... 52 Bulletin 117 - DOT S Take Action Regarding Flexible Pipe... 52 Bulletin 118 - CMP Failure Closes Canada s Busiest Highway: Confirms Need for Life Cycle Analysis... 52 Bulletin 119 - Fire in Storm Sewers is Not Usual - Which Pipe Should You Choose?... 53 Bulletin 120 - HDPE Pipe Showcased on Web Site Fails... 53 Bulletin 121 - Installation Anomalies? You Be the Judge... 53 Bulletin 122 - World Largest Corrugated Steel Arch Collapses on Alaska Highway... 53 Bulletin 123 - Is your Project in Their Sights?... 54 Bulletin 124 - Questionable Recommendations Based on Study Findings... 54 Bulletin 125 - A New Dinnertime Subject: Concrete... 54 Bulletin 126 - Engineers Beware!! Protect Your Rights to Choose... 54 Bulletin 127 - Why Should You Believe? Sworn Testimony vs. Paid Advertisement... 55 Bulletin 128 - A Case in Point... 55 Bulletin 129 - Taking Responsibility... 55 Bulletin 130 - Leaky Pipe Causes State of Emergency... 55 Bulletin 131 - When is the Correct Pipe Material Important?... 56 Bulletin 132 - OSHA to Get Tough on Trenching Regulation Enforcement... 56 Bulletin 133 - Abrasion Affects Durability in Some Drainage Pipe... 56 Bulletin 134 - What Positive Lessons Can Be Learned from an HDPE Fire... 56 Bulletin 135 - Engineering Design and Liability... 56 Bulletin 136 - Trend Toward Deflection Testing Plastic Pipe Installations... 56 Bulletin 137 - OSHA Supports ACPA s Claim Regarding Trench Boxes... 57 Bulletin 138 - Don t Get Caught in Failure! Calculate E... 57 Bulletin 139 - Defending the Right to Choose Concrete Pipe: ADS vs. Portland... 57

DESIGN INFORMATION Durability Evaluation of Highway Culvert Coating Performance Federal Highway Administration, Report No. FHWA/ RD-80-059, June 1980, 157 pp. Evaluates the performance of coatings for highway culverts and recommends methods of improving culvert service life through improved coating systems and other means. Member $11.00 Nonmember $22.00 No. 03-136 American Concrete Pipe Association 11 Field Performance of Protective Linings for Concrete and Corrugated Steel Pipe Culverts Transportation Research Record 1001, John O. Hurd, 1984, 6 pp. Report provides information regarding the durability of protective linings for concrete pipe and galvanized corrugated steel pipe used for culverts in corrosive and/or abrasive sites in the State of Ohio. Observations and conclusions are made regarding the performances of epoxy coated concrete pipe, polymeric coated corrugated steel pipe, and asbestos bonded bituminous coated and paved corrugated steel pipe, which have been monitored for the last 10 years. Member $1.25 Nonmember $2.50 No. 03-182

12 American Concrete Pipe Association Study of Corrosion in Concrete Pipe Reinforcement as a Result of Minor Voids Along the Reinforced Steel American Concrete Pipe Association, 1998, 19 pp. The Voids Report verifies that minor voids that sometimes occur in machine-made pipe do not have a detrimental effect on the durability of the pipe. Cores were obtained by concrete pipe producers throughout North America and inspected by an ASTM Task Group for any sign of corrosion of the reinforcing steel. The majority of cores reviewed were over 20 years old. The cores were obtained from a variety of locations and service environments. Member $15.00 Nonmember $30.00 No. 06-128

American Concrete Pipe Association 13 Hydraulics A Study of Manning s Roughness Coefficient for Commercial Concrete and Plastic Pipes D. K May, A. W. Peterson and N. Rajaratnam, T Blench Hydraulics Laboratory, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, January 26, 1986, 78 pp. This report presents the results of clean water, open channel hydraulic tests done on commercially available concrete and plastic pipes. Manning s coefficients of flow resistance (n) were calculated for range of slopes and discharges and presented in the report. Average values of Manning s n are given, as well as recommendations for applying the results to sewer design. Member $6.00 Nonmember $12.00 No. 06-112

14 American Concrete Pipe Association Friction Factor Tests on Concrete Pipe J. Paul Tullis, Ph.D., Utah State University Foundation, October 1986, 19 pp. Report on testing at Utah State University to verify the exceptional hydraulic flow coefficients of concrete pipe. The test results confirm the n value for precast concrete pipe to be 0.010 under full-flow conditions in the laboratory. Member $2.25 Nonmember $4.50 No. 06-111 Hydraulic Data Comparison of Concrete and Corrugated Metal Culvert Pipes St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Technical Paper No. 3 Series B, July 1950, 28 pp. Evaluation of full-scale tests and determination of pipe friction and entrance loss coefficients for concrete and corrugated metal pipes. Member $3.25 Nonmember $6.50 No. 05-111

American Concrete Pipe Association 15 Hydraulic Flow Resistance Factors for Corrugated Metal Conduits Federal Highway Administration, January 1980, 48 pp. Experimental determinations have shown that the resistance factors for conduits manufactured from corrugated metal vary over a wide range for each of the different corrugation forms now available. Methods are developed, using all available data, whereby such resistance factors can be determined within close tolerances in terms of either Darcy or the Manning n. Variables considered include conduit size and shape, corrugation form, flow rate and flow depth. Design charts and geometric tables are presented for the commonly available conduits of five corrugation forms, and examples illustrating use of the charts and procedures are given. Member $9.50 Nonmember $19.00 No. 03-108

16 American Concrete Pipe Association Hydraulic Calculator for Sewer Design Based on Manning s n Formula American Concrete Pipe Association, 1973. The Hydraulic Calculator based on Manning s formula is an easy to use tool for evaluating the hydraulic capacity of sanitary and storm sewers. The calculator covers circular, horizontal elliptical, vertical elliptical and arch pipes. Instructions and example problems are included to illustrate the proper use of this timesaving tool. Member $6.00 Nonmember $12.00 No. 06-103 Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts Federal Highway Administration, 1985, 253 pages The manual provides engineers with critical information and criteria on culvert design. It provides easily understood explanations of terms commonly used in culvert design, i.e., headwater, tailwater, improved inlets, etc. Design methods are presented for both conventional culverts and culverts with improved inlets. Member $14.00 Nonmember $28.00 No. 06-109

American Concrete Pipe Association 17 Resistance to Flow in Two Types of Concrete Pipe St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory, Technical Paper No. 22, Series B, Dec. 1960, 148 pp. Presents the results of experimental studies of the frictional resistance to flow in 24-inch and 36-inch concrete pipe. Two types of 36-inch diameter pipe were used in the test. One was of the cast and vibrated type and the other was a machine tamped pipe. Evaluation of frictional losses in the pipe consisted of two parts: due to boundary shear of the walls, and the local losses due to irregularities at the joints. The report establishes that increase in frictional resistance due to joint irregularities is negligible and that the Manning s roughness coefficient for concrete pipe is between 0.009 and 0.010. Member $21.00 Nonmember $42.00 No. 06-108

18 American Concrete Pipe Association Installation Concrete Pipe Installation Procedures American Concrete Pipe Association, 1982. This pocket-sized flyer contains a pictorial of the do s and don ts of concrete pipe installation, suitable for distribution to contractors, construction crews, inspectors, etc. An inexpensive, easily understood brochure emphasizing proper installation and jointing techniques. Member $23.00 / package of 25 Nonmember $46.00 / package of 25 No. 07-117 Culvert Restoration Techniques The California Department of Transportation 1994, 118 pp. The California Department of Transportation in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration has published this guide to aid engineers involved in the restoration of highway drainage culverts. This manual provides the engineer with repair techniques and restoration techniques that avoid the costly alternative of replacing the culvert. It provides information on the selection of materials and techniques for restoring culverts constructed from various materials. Member $9.00 Nonmember $18.00 No. 03-168

American Concrete Pipe Association 19 Pipeline Installation Amster Howard, 1996, 240 pp. This book is an expansion of notes prepared by Amster Howard for seminars he presents entitled Installation of Buried Pipes. The book emphasizes the importance of soil-pipe interaction, how the properties of both the soil and the pipe influence the design and the buried behavior of a pipeline, and how construction methods should be consistent with the design assumptions. Member $ 50.00 Nonmember $50.00 No. 05-126

20 American Concrete Pipe Association Standards ACPA S Annual Book of Selected ASTM Standards for Concrete Pipe American Society for Testing and Materials All the latest ASTM Standards for design, manufacture and testing of precast concrete pipe, manholes, and box culverts in one source! Published annually, supplies limited. Call for pricing No. 09-100 Book ASCE 15-98 Standard Practice for Direct Design of Buried Precast Concrete Pipe Using Standard Installations (SIDD) American Society of Civil Engineers, 1997, 45 pp. This standard practice covers the direct design method of reinforced circular pipe installed according to the Standard Installations. The four Standard Installations were developed based on practical construction practices. The installations and design approaches are based on research and testing done over the past 25 years. They contributed to a more rational design procedure for the direct design of buried concrete pipe based on engineering principles followed by the direct design of other reinforced concrete members. Member $39.00 Nonmember $39.00 No. 21-100

American Concrete Pipe Association 21 ASCE 27-00 Standard Practice for Direct Design of Precast Concrete Pipe for Jacking in Trenchless Construction American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000, 51 pp. This Standard covers design and recommended installation procedures for precast concrete pipe for jacking in trenchless construction intended for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, storm water, and drainage and for utilities and access ways. The structural design of concrete pipe is based on a limit state design procedure that accounts for strength and serviceability criteria and is consistent with the procedures in Section 17 of the AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges. The design criteria include: structural aspects, such as circumferential flexure, thrust, shear, and radial tension strengths; crack width control; longitudinal thrust produced by jacking; and requirements for handling and installation. Member $49.00 Nonmember $49.00 No. 21-200

22 American Concrete Pipe Association ASCE 26-97 Standard Practice for Direct Design of Buried Precast Concrete Box Sections American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000, 51 pp. This Standard covers the direct design of buried one-cell precast reinforced concrete box sections for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, storm water, and drainage, and to serve as tunnels. The design and analysis method accounts for the interaction between the box sections and soil envelope in calculating loads, pressure distributions, moment, thrust, and shear in the box section, and includes a procedure for calculating the required reinforcement. Load effects are determined separately for each loading. The structural design of one-cell precast reinforced concrete box sections is based on a limit state design procedure that accounts for strength and serviceability criteria. The design criteria include: structural aspects, such as flexure, thrust, and shear strengths; handling and installation; fatigue limits; and crack width control. The design of a one-cell precast reinforced concrete box section is based on the assumption that specified design bedding and installation requirements will be achieved during construction of the installation. Member $49.00 Nonmember $49.00 No. 21-300

American Concrete Pipe Association 23 ASCE 28-00 Standard Practice for Direct Design of Buried Precast Concrete Box Sections for Jacking in Trenchless Construction American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001, 52 pp. This Standard covers the design and recommended installation procedures for precast concrete box sections for jacking in trenchless construction intended for conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, storm water and drainage and for utilities and access ways. The Direct Design Method accounts for the interaction between the box section and soil or grout envelope in determining loads and distribution of earth pressure on buried box sections in addition to longitudinal loads due to jacking. The structural design of concrete box sections is based on a limit state design procedure that accounts for strength and serviceability criteria and is consistent with the procedures in Section 17 of the AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges. Member $49.00 Nonmember $49.00 No. 21-400

24 American Concrete Pipe Association Structural Fill Height Tables American Concrete Pipe Association The fill height tables were developed for the Standard Installation beddings, using the indirect design method. They list the required D-load for pipe diameters from 12- inch to 96-inch installed in an embankment condition, with design loads based on an HS20 live load and a soil load of 120 lbs./cu. ft. The fill height tables differentiate between the ASTM C76 pipe classes so that the user can easily determine what pipe class would be required for a particular height of fill. Member $37.50 Nonmember $75.00 Package of 25 No.16-201 New Installation Designs for Buried Concrete Pipe Frank J. Heger, American Society of Civil Engineers Pipeline Infrastructure proceedings, June 6-7, 1988, 18 pp. The rational development of new standard installation designs for buried concrete pipe is described. Over 100 analyses were performed using the SPIDA program (Soil Pipe Interaction Design and Analysis) to investigate installation types that provide practical and efficient criteria for designing and constructing buried concrete pipe systems. Member $2.25 Nonmember $4.50 No. 03-231

American Concrete Pipe Association 25 U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Training Manual No. 7, Pipe Bedding and Backfill Bureau of Reclamation, 1982, 54 pp. This manual presents Bureau of Reclamation requirements for construction bedding and backfill for buried pipe 108-inches in diameter or less. Member $8.00 Nonmember $16.00 No. 05-123 Project Report - Concrete Pipe and Dumped Bedding and Embedment John J. Meyer and Steven K. Wagner, 1993, 8 pp. This paper reviews a contract through which a value engineering change proposal for Standard Installations led to a site-specific design for a Bureau of Reclamation project. Member $1.50 Nonmember $3.00 No. 16-100

26 American Concrete Pipe Association Concrete Pipe and the Soil-Structure System American Society for Testing and Materials, STP 630, September 1977, 144 pp. ASTM Committee C-13 sponsored a symposium on Concrete Pipe and the Soil-Structure System at the 1976 ASTM Annual Meeting to present the history and development of present concrete pipe design, theory, and applications. The papers presented at this symposium are incorporated in this publication, which will be useful to researchers, students, and the practicing engineer and designer. Data and results are presented on both laboratory and full-scale testing. The engineer will find the discussion of theories, practices, and problems rather illuminating. Member $10.00 Nonmember $20.00 No. 06-101

American Concrete Pipe Association 27 Design Method for Reinforced Concrete Pipe and Box Sections F.J. Heger and T.J. McGrath; Simpson, Gumpertz, & Heger, December 1982, 135 pp. A design method based on consideration of strength and serviceability performance limits is proposed for pipe and boxes subject to moments, shears, and thrusts. Strength performance includes consideration of flexural strength as governed by reinforcement tension, concrete compression, concrete radial tension, and stirrup radial tension. Also includes consideration of diagonal tension strength in curved members with and without stirrups. Serviceability performance includes consideration of crack control based on evaluation of a 0.01 inch limiting crack width. Member $29.00 Nonmember $58.00 No. 06-126

28 American Concrete Pipe Association SPIDA: An Analysis and Design System for Buried Concrete Pipe Transportation Research Record 1008, F.J. Heger, A. A. Liepins and E. T. Selig, 1985, 12 pp. The paper presents a description of a new computerized direct design method for buried concrete pipe named SPIDA (Soil-Pipe Interaction Design and Analysis). Also, technical basis and some results of SPIDA analyses and designs obtained to date with this method are summarized. The program to develop this new design approach was initiated by the American Concrete Pipe Association who retained Simpson Gumpertz & Heger, Inc. and Professor Ernest Selig as consultants to perform the necessary development effort. Member $2.25 Nonmember $4.50 No. 03-214

MANUALS American Concrete Pipe Association 29 Concrete Pipe Design Manual American Concrete Pipe Association This manual is indispensable to engineers who select the type, size, and strength requirements of pipe. This book contains all the technical data and design aids needed to assist engineers when specifying concrete pipe, and it eliminates the lengthy computations previously required. Featured are more than 330 pages of tables and figures covering hydraulics of sewers and culverts, live loads and earth loads, supporting strengths and supplemental design data. Detailed example problems of specific applications illustrate the proper use of these time saving design aids. BOOK w/cd Member $22.50 Nonmember $45.00 No. 01-101 CD Member $7.50 Nonmember $15.00 No. 15-101

30 American Concrete Pipe Association Concrete Pipe Handbook American Concrete Pipe Association The handbook is a comprehensive collection of theories, formulas, and aids for designing concrete pipe systems. Provides fundamental data on the design and installation of precast concrete pipe, analysis of unusual design situations, original research material and information on concrete pipe standards. Member $18.00 Nonmember $36.00 No. 01-102 Concrete Pipe Installation Manual American Concrete Pipe Association This manual is a guide for the proper installation of concrete pipe and discusses manufacturing methods, materials specifications, and test requirements. Numerous illustrations show all phases of pipe installation so that design criteria regarding specified pipe strength, type of installation, excavation and dimensional limitations and bedding and backfilling requirements are realized in actual construction. Now one manual combines both SI (Metric) and English Measurements. Member $6.25 Nonmember $12.50 No. 01-103

American Concrete Pipe Association 31 Concrete Pipe Technology Handbook American Concrete Pipe Association This handbook presents the new analysis and design procedures for concrete pipe as well as insights into the structural behavior of the product and new concepts for optimizing pipesoil installations. Combined with the PIPECAR computer design software and the new standard installations, this handbook simplifies the design of concrete pipe. Member $21.00 Nonmember $42.00 No. 01-104 Design Manual for Sulfide and Corrosion Prediction and Control American Concrete Pipe Association This manual describes the decisions to be made during sewer design to take advantage of processes that eliminate or reduce harmful levels of hydrogen sulfide and to mitigate those processes that can lead to dangerous conditions or shorten sewer service life. Member $9.00 Nonmember $18.00 No. 01-110

32 American Concrete Pipe Association Engineering Manual - Conduits, Culverts, and Pipes (EM 1110-2-2902) The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers This Manual from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers provides guidance on the construction of conduits, culverts and pipe used in civil works projects. It gives concrete twice the service life of alternative pipe materials with an estimated service life of 70 to 100 years. The manual outlines specific uses for reinforced concrete pipe such as for dams, urban levees and other levees where public safety is at risk or substantial property damage could occur. A separate document, titled Life Cycle Design and Performance, (ER 1110-2-8159), is also included in the Engineering Manual. Member $9.00 Nonmember $18.00 No. 03-241 Sewer System Evaluation, Rehabilitation and New Construction U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 600/2-77-017d A manual of practice for the investigation of sewer systems for inflow and infiltration. It discusses sewer system evaluation and rehabilitation, and design of new sewer systems to minimize inflow and infiltration. Member $17.00 Nonmember $34.00 No. 05-109

American Concrete Pipe Association 33 Design Manual - Odor and Corrosion Control in Sanitary Systems and Treatment Plants U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/625/1-85/018 The manual brings together available information in a form convenient for those designing new systems or applying odor and corrosion control procedures in existing systems. The application of sulfide control can overcome sulfide-producing tendencies in existing systems and help minimize future problems. Member $3.50 Nonmember $7.00 No. 05-162

34 American Concrete Pipe Association MARKETING TOOLS Brochures Concrete Pipe Joints: Your Best Choice American Concrete Pipe Association, August 2001, 8 pp. As infiltration and exfiltration standards have changed considerably over the last century, so has the performance of concrete pipe and concrete pipe joints. Concrete pipe offers the design engineer several different joint types depending on the application. This full color brochure profiles the four concrete pipe joint system options, mortar, preformed flexible joint sealants, rubber gasket joints and external sealing bands. Member $25.00 Nonmember $50.00 Package of 25 No. 07-124

American Concrete Pipe Association 35 Flotation (Buoyancy) Brochure American Concrete Pipe Association, August 2001, 8pp. The power of water is impressive, especially when you consider buoyancy forces that affect a buried pipeline. In most cases, concrete pipe will not float because of its density. Conversely, flexible pipe is extremely susceptible to flotation problems. This full-color brochure explains why flexible pipe floats when precast concrete pipe won t, and contains numerous photographs and descriptions of flexible pipe flotation problems from around the United States. Member $25.00 Nonmember $50.00 Package of 50 No. 07-125

36 American Concrete Pipe Association Hydraulic Efficiency American Concrete Pipe Association, 2004, 8 pp The hydraulic design of a drainage system involves an economic evaluation. Design engineers and owners can select the proper size drainage pipe for a specific culvert or sewer application by applying Manning s n values as design values and not laboratory values. Member: $37.50 Nonmember: $75.00 Package of 25 No. 07-127

American Concrete Pipe Association 37 The Infrastructure is Collapsing American Concrete Pipe Association, 2005, 12 pp Our infrastructure is deteriorating at an alarming rate. The recent rash of drainage system failures is cause for concern for many reasons, the least of which is major interruption to our public and private thoroughfares. Failure also raises issues of public safety and liability. The public is being hit with costs to repair these deteriorating infrastructures in the manner of taxes and fees. This brochure identifies some recent failures and the known costs of some. Member: $37.50 Nonmember: $75.00 Package of 25 No. 07-128

38 American Concrete Pipe Association Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe Brochure American Concrete Pipe Association, 2000, 8 pp Nonreinforced pipe has proved to be durable and strong. This brochure explains the outstanding strength and hydraulic characteristics to be had with nonreinforced pipe. Using the Standard Installations, and the indirect design method most engineers are familiar with, fill height tables are contained in the brochure to make choosing the proper ASTM C 14 pipe a breeze. Member $25.00 Nonmember $50.00 Package of 50 No. 07-123

American Concrete Pipe Association 39 Standard Installations American Concrete Pipe Association, 2003, 8 pp The four zones (middle bedding, outer bedding, haunch, and lower side) are shown along with installation types based on soil characteristics and levels of compaction and the material used in construction of these zones. Member: $37.50 Nonmember: $75.00 Package of 25 No. 07-126

40 American Concrete Pipe Association Underground Storm Water Storage Systems - The Cost Effective, Efficient Way American Concrete Pipe Association, 2006, 4 pp Keep mainline pipe sizes smaller and/or utilize existing drainage when developing new areas by installing an Underground Storm Water Storage System. In areas prone to heavy rain or flash flooding, this system allows for the collection and storage of the water which can later be discharged into the system at a controlled rate. In dry areas, water can be stored for use during droughts or other times of need. Member: $25.00 Nonmember: $50.00 Package of 25 Resource # 07-129

American Concrete Pipe Association 41 Buried Facts Buried Facts: Bibliography - Pipe Material Durability American Concrete Pipe Association, September 1991 Selecting pipe materials best suited for service as a storm sewer, culvert, sanitary sewer, or small bridge replacement is of primary importance to the design engineer. Most engineers are well acquainted with hydraulic and structural design criteria, but the effect of product durability on the total cost may not be clearly understood. This Buried Facts provides the reference material pertaining to pipe material durability. Available for download from the ACPA website at www.concrete-pipe. org Buried Facts: Culvert Inspection American Concrete Pipe Association, November 1987 Why should engineers, consultants, and public agencies be concerned with the inspection of culverts? In the past 20 years, culverts have changed significantly, new materials are being used, larger spans designed, and thinner gauge metals specified. The need and importance of culvert inspection can be summed up in one word: safety. This paper explains the FHWA Culvert Inspection Manual, rating system, and maintenance rating scale for evaluating any type of buried pipe.

42 American Concrete Pipe Association Buried Facts: Plastic Pipe Claims American Concrete Pipe Association, June 1983 This publication presents various claims made by the plastic pipe industry, discusses engineering facts which indicate the claims are not justified, and evaluates critical properties of plastic pipe which affect performance, durability and service life. Buried Facts: Extraneous Flow in Sanitary Sewers American Concrete Pipe Association, March 1983 Control of extraneous flow in sanitary sewers is a major factor in reducing treatment costs and the amount of inadequately treated sewage discharged to receiving waters. The production of a cost-effective and satisfactorily functioning system can be achieved by utilizing adequate design criteria and assuring the best quality workmanship and materials. Buried Facts: Structural Design Considerations American Concrete Pipe Association, January 1983 The proper design of sewers and culverts requires consideration of the different, but interrelated, fields of hydrology, hydraulics, structural behavior, durability, economics and construction procedures. This Buried Facts reviews the structural behavior of flexible steel pipe and the development of design criteria and procedures. Buried Facts: Bid Evaluation by Least Cost Analysis American Concrete Pipe Association, October 1982 Selecting pipe materials best suited for service as a storm sewer, culvert, sanitary sewer, or small bridge replacement is of primary importance to the design engineer. On many projects when alternate materials are bid, selection is too often based on first cost, which may not be the most economical for the design life of the project. The most economical alternative must be determined through a least cost analysis.

American Concrete Pipe Association 43 Buried Facts: Hydraulic Design Considerations - Concrete Pipe and Corrugated Metal Pipe American Concrete Pipe Association, September 1982 When the various design methods and criteria developed for the different materials available for sewers and culverts are considered, policy decision procedures can become complex. Design methods must be based on theories, modified by model and full-scale testing, and most important, experience. This publication compares the hydraulic performance of smoothwall concrete pipe versus rough-wall corrugated metal pipe. Buried Facts: Culvert Durability Study - Review and Implementation American Concrete Pipe Association, June 1982 The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) has published a 173-page report on corrosion and abrasion resistance of various types of pipe and pipe protection used for culverts in the State of Ohio. This article reviews the Ohio report and presents a procedure for evaluating service life and life cycle cost analysis to enable consideration of pipe durability as a design criterion. Buried Facts: Fires in Sewers and Culverts American Concrete Pipe Association, May 1982 The susceptibility of various pipe materials to fires should be considered when planning storm sewer, sanitary sewer or culvert projects. This publication presents laboratory test results performed on various pipe materials in accordance with ANSI/ASTM E84, Test Methods for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials.

44 American Concrete Pipe Association Concrete Pipe Insights American Concrete Pipe Association This series of singlepage bulletins includes information on the advantages of precast concrete pipe products. These easyto-understand bulletins address some of the common misconceptions regarding precast concrete pipe. Available for download from the ACPA website at www.concrete-pipe. org Durability: Too Important to Ignore CPI-01 Hydraulics: Check the Comparisons CPI-02 Handling and Installation Comparisons CPI-03 Concrete or HDPE: Strength versus Stiffness CPI-04 Concrete Pipe Joints: Your Best Choice CPI-05 Compaction Equipment and Construction Loads CPI-06 Precast Concrete Culverts Shrug Off the Cold CPI-07

American Concrete Pipe Association 45 C.P. Info C.P. Info - ASTM C76 Reinforcement Design Changes & Related Research American Concrete Pipe Association, 2001 Steel Reinforcing areas that are found in tables provided in ASTM C 76 have been developed over the years through both design and testing. This paper is a quick overview in how the steel areas for a large diameter reinforced concrete pipe were developed through tests run in Ohio. Available for download from the ACPA website at www.concrete-pipe. org C.P. Info - Culvert Velocity Reduction by Internal Energy Dissipators American Concrete Pipe Association, February 1981 The designer is often concerned with possible scour or erosion at the outlet of a drainage culvert constructed on a steep slope. High velocities associated with steep slopes are the critical parameter in the erosion process. Reducing the velocity of such flows are accomplished by the formation of hydraulic jumps. This article describes dissipators intended to form hydraulic jumps within culverts.

46 American Concrete Pipe Association C.P. Info - Culvert Velocity Reduction with an Outlet Expansion American Concrete Pipe Association, March 1979 This paper describes the concept of using an abrupt expansion at the outlet end of a concrete culvert for the purposes of outlet velocity reduction. This method is intended for culverts operating under conditions of outlet control at maximum discharge. C.P. Info - Precast Concrete Box Sections American Concrete Pipe Association, 1973 Cast-in-place reinforced concrete box culverts have been designed and used for many years because of special waterway requirements, unusual load conditions, or designer preference. The American Concrete Pipe Association s precast concrete box section program was implemented to develop a product for these applications and to provide an opportunity for specifiers to utilize the inherent advantages of a precast product. C.P. Info - Effects of Cracks in Reinforced Concrete Sanitary Sewer Pipe American Concrete Pipe Association, June 1981 This report summarizes the effects of cracking in a reinforced concrete pipe sanitary sewer installed for the Brazos River Authority in Texas. It presents conclusions and recommendations on the effects of cracking as related to crack depth, concrete strain, pipe deflection, and acid environment. C.P. Info - Effects of Cracks in Reinforced Concrete Culvert Pipe American Concrete Pipe Association, July 1977 This report summarizes the effects of cracking and slabbing in the Diamond Bar reinforced concrete pipe culvert installed in Los Angeles County in California. It presents conclusions and recommendations on the degree of cracking that can be tolerated in relation to the integrity and life expectancy of reinforced concrete pipe.

American Concrete Pipe Association 47 C.P. Info - Life Factor Design of RCP Sewers American Concrete Pipe Association, August 1978 Several factors have significantly altered the reinforced concrete pipe sanitary sewer market. These factors brought us from the dark ages, into the present situation where modern technology can be applied in the project design stage to the design of concrete pipe in a particular sulfide environment. C.P. Info - Sigificance of Cracks in Concrete Pipe American Concrete Pipe Association, October 1980 Precast reinforced concrete pipe is manufactured to specified strengths in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. Some project specifications include crack criteria as a performance limit for buried concrete pipe. This CP Info discusses cracks in precast reinforced concrete pipe, the significance of cracks with respect to durability and structural integrity, and the phenomena of autogeneous healing. C.P. Info - Precast Concrete Pipe Durability American Concrete Pipe Association, September 1991 Design methods for buried pipe are fairly well established, but durability, historically, has not been given proper consideration. The definition of a durable pipe contains three variables that must be evaluated; required performance, pipe properties, and service conditions. This CP Info reviews the significance of the various physical and chemical factors, which determine the durability, design, and performance of concrete pipe. C.P. Info - Lateral Pressure & Bedding Factors American Concrete Pipe Association, November 1991 This paper discusses the limitations of early research by Marston and Spangler with respect to bedding factors. This is one element of SIDD (Standard Installations Direct Design), the innovative concrete pipe design method recommended by the American Concrete Pipe Association. This document presents a method for determining bedding factors for the three historical beddings, taking into consideration lateral forces and modern installation methods.

48 American Concrete Pipe Association Dispatch Abrasion a Concern in Fiber Cement Pipe Volume 1, Number 5 Dreams Float Away - Drainage Pipe Selection Deprives Residents of Money and More No. 08-104 A Case in Point for Choosing Concrete Pipe No. 08-103 HDPE Pipe Material Requirements Volume 1, Number 2 Member or Non-member: $37.50 / package of 25 or $2.00 each

American Concrete Pipe Association 49 You Should Know Bulletins American Concrete Pipe Association, Issued Periodically This informative series of bulletins addresses specific competitive issues and challenges to precast concrete pipe products by manufacturers of alternative drainage pipe products. The bulletins provide information on the benefits of precast concrete pipe while debunking inaccurate or incomplete information disseminated by industry competitors. Available for download from the ACPA website at www.concrete-pipe.org

50 American Concrete Pipe Association Bulletin 101 The Truth Behind the Greenbook Acceptance of HDPE Specifications March, 1996 7 pages Last fall the American Public Works Association s Joint Cooperative Committee, which publishes the Greenbook, accepted specifications for HDPE pipe. There has been much discussion about why the Greenbook reached that decision. Meanwhile HDPE manufacturers have used this acceptance in their promotional campaigns. Bulletin 102 Piqua Project Punctures Plastic Pipe Promises June, 1996 1 page Once again, the durability, structural strength and reliable installation properties of concrete pipe have triumphed over promises of cost savings by plastic pipe sales representatives. Bulletin 103 Microtunneling and RCP Keep Ontario Wetlands Intact July, 1996 1 page CAMBRIDGE, Ontario A microtunneling project employing concrete pipe recently demonstrated that even projects burdened with environmental controversies can be overcome using the right methods and materials. Bulletin 104 Consultants Run For Cover when Fiberglass Sewer Pipe Fails August, 1996 1 page BROOKINGS, S.D. Sections of Brighton Road in Brookings, S.D., have caved in twice in 1996 because of a cracked fiberglass sewer line. A 20-yearold woman was injured in April when erosion from the cracked sewer line caused the road to collapse under her 1994 Ford Thunderbird, according to the Argus Leader, a major newspaper in Sioux Falls, S.D. The driver of the car suffered a concussion and multiple contusions. Bulletin 106 Uni-Bell Comments on Pennsylvania Corrugated HDPE Pipe Study September, 1996 1 page The Fall 1996 issue of Uni-Bell PVC Pipe News contains important information and observations concerning cracking and buckling problems involved with a corrugated HDPE installation in Pennsylvania. As a service to its members, the American Concrete Pipe Association is disseminating copies of the Fall 1996 issue of Uni-Bell PVC Pipe News.

American Concrete Pipe Association 51 Bulletin 107 Here s an Ad That Makes You Think October, 1996 2 pages Attached is an advertisement that recently ran in a trade publication. It s a good illustration of how some organizations hope you don t think about their ads too much. Because if you examine their statements and ask a few questions, you ll find serious flaws in their message. Here are some examples. Bulletin 109 Technical Paper on Microtunneling (Reinforced Concrete Pipe for Jacking and Microtunneling) October, 1996 7 pages Microtunneling is fast becoming a common option considered by civil engineers who must maintain maturing infrastructure but limit disruptions caused by sewer line installations and rehabilitations. Congestion in cities and environmental issues in residential and even rural areas have made this pipelaying technique a cost-effective choice for many projects. Bulletin 111 (Replaces Bulletins 105 and 110) Metal Pipe Failure in Wisconsin - Lessons from the Kankapot Creek Culvert Collapse April, 1997 2 pages On June 7, 1996, a 21-year-old metal culvert used to convey Kankapot Creek beneath an Outagamie County road in Wisconsin collapsed, caving in a section of road near the town of Kaukanuna. A truck plunged 20 feet into a pit of broken pavement and mud created by the cave-in, but the driver was not seriously injured. Bulletin 112 Industry Experts Call for Stress Testing for HDPE Pipe Materials December, 1997 32 pages Last fall, as a service to our members, the American Concrete Pipe Association made available copies of the Fall 1996 issue of Uni-Bell PVC Pipe News. This issue contained important information and observations concerning cracking and buckling problems involved with some corrugated HDPE pipes. One of the most publicized installations involved a deep-fill project in Pennsylvania. This bulletin contains additional food for thought as well as numerous examples and attachments.

52 American Concrete Pipe Association Bulletin 114 (Replaces Bulletin 113) County Counts on Concrete When Metal Pipes Fail November, 1997 4 pages DeKalb County Thirty years ago, when DeKalb County, Georgia engineers included metal pipe in their stormwater sewer designs, they probably thought the system would last indefinitely. Unfortunately, the lines running throughout the county have begun to reach the end of their 30-year service lives, causing the current engineers to scramble to repair the crumbling piping. The corrugated metal pipes were used extensively during the region s building boom of the 1960s but now are rusted and collapsing, according to a story published in the Decatur-DeKalb News Era. Bulletin 116 HDPE Pipe Claims on Internet Not Grounded in Fact January 1999, rev. 2 pages The vast amount of material available on the Web, while extremely valuable, can sometimes be misleading. In fact, at times the information can be outright inaccurate. For example, a major HDPE pipe manufacturer s Web site has contained many comparisons between concrete pipe and profile wall polyethylene pipe with an interior liner, which can be disputed. Check out the claims and decide for yourself. Bulletin 117 DOT Takes ACTION Regarding Flexible Pipe December, 1999 2 pages This bulletin provides information on recent actions taken by certain State Departments of Transportation regarding the acceptance, specification and use of flexible pipe products, including HDPE, PVC and CMP. The bulletin contains information on actions by the sates of Texas, Florida and Illinois. Many other State DOT s have also taken action or are currently considering actions. The evidence suggests that State DOT s are becoming more concerned about the continued use of flexible pipe products under roadways and other applications. Bulletin 118 CMP Failure Closes Canada s Busiest Highway; Confirms Need for Life Cycle Analysis June, 2001 2 pages One of North America s busiest roads was closed on August 9, 2000 when a corrugated steel pipe failed under Highway 401 just outside of Toronto, Ontario. The failure resulted in a sinkhole that caused major delays for motorists traveling to Toronto. Similar CSP failures abound throughout North

American Concrete Pipe Association 53 America. This bulletin highlights some of most significant occurrences and discusses service life of CSP versus reinforced concrete pipe, as well as the need to conduct Life Cycle Analysis based on the project design life. Bulletin 119 Fire in Storm Sewers is Not Unusual - Which Pipe Should You Choose? 2001 2 pages When selecting pipe materials, the design engineer and eventual owner of the infrastructure system should consider the durability of the system. Durability can also be determined from the ability of the pipe to resist fire. Flammability of buried pipelines and culverts is a serious issue. In addition to excellent case histories this bulletin discusses the risk and liability that is inherent when one chooses flammable pipe. Bulletin 120 HDPE Pipe Showcased on Web Site Fails October, 2001 2 pages The City of Pueblo in Colorado banned the use of a manufacturer s HDPE pipe and has limited the use of other manufacturer s HDPE due to an alarming discovery while inspecting installed HDPE pipe. An inspection of a section of 4,800 linear foot corrugated polyethylene pipe showed deflections up to 8% and quite a bit of soil infiltration. The failure at North Pueblo Commercial Park demonstrates how a municipality or agency that is cautious in allowing alternate pipe materials can still suffer damages. Bulletin 121 Installation Anomalies? You Be the Judge August, 2002-2 pages HDPE pipe is installation sensitive, and the HDPE pipe industry has not educated engineers and contractors with regards to proper installation of their products. However, improper installation is not the only problem. These case studies have been touted by the HDPE industry as quality installations. We beg to differ. Check it out and you be the judge. You might be surprised with what you find! Bulletin 122 World Largest Corrugated Steel Arch Collapses on Alaska Highway August, 2002-2 pages Largest structure of its kind in the world. The mother of all potholes. How about largest collapse? Luckily this failure occurred during daylight hours

54 American Concrete Pipe Association or the results could have been tragic. The cause of the failure is still being investigated but we know that a tender for a new concrete bridge to replace the failed structure was accepted at $1.88 million. Read about the effects that a catastrophic failure can have on the community, residents and traveling public. Bulletin 123 Is your Project in Their Sights? December, 2002 -- 1 page When a contractor asks an owner or designer to change a job to HDPE pipe, you might question his motives. A major manufacturer of HDPE pipe has taken an unconventional route to gain business. Rather than competing with concrete pipe on the basis of value, the manufacturer has offered a free shotgun in exchange for converting a project to their pipe from concrete pipe. Bulletin 124 Questionable Recommendations Based on Study Findings December, 2002 -- 2 pages In December 2000, a study on the Performance Evaluation of Existing High-Density Polyethylene Pipe (HDPE), sponsored by the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) and the Federal Highway Administration was submitted by the University of South Carolina s (USC) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. After reviewing the authors findings and recommendations, this You Should Know would probably be more correct as Does Anyone Know? Bulletin 125 A New Dinnertime Subject: Concrete January, 2003-2 pages How exciting is it to watch grass grow or concrete dry? Maybe we should rethink what is exciting because it could cost us money if we don t watch what is happening in our neighborhoods. Bulletin 126 Engineers Beware!! Protect Your Rights to Choose May, 2003 -- 1 Page The Missouri State Legislature recently helped preserve free enterprise by removing a last-minute amendment to a pending bill that would require HDPE storm sewer pipe as an alternative on all state stormwater projects. The provision was mysteriously added to a proposed piece of legislation (HB 327) just days before the Missouri legislature intended to vote on the bill. The

American Concrete Pipe Association 55 provision would require polyethylene pipe as one of two piping materials on all state and local stormwater projects. The requirement was not included in the original version of HB 327, but somehow surfaced in the final version of the bill. Bulletin 127 Why Should You Believe? Sworn Testimony vs. Paid Advertisement July, 2003 -- 1 Page Dr. Hazen s testimony clearly points out that high-density polyethylene pipe is not made the same way, all the time. There have been at least four significant changes in the manufacturing specification for N-12 pipe within the past seven years that we know of! Bulletin 128 A Case in Point August, 2003 -- 2 Pages Reinforced concrete pipe has a proven performance history. It has provided, and continues to provide, a reliable structure for the conveyance of effluent in a variety of conditions. HDPE pipe has a proven performance history as well. It has proven to be insufficient to handle the design and installation requirements that most owners, engineers, and contractors have come to expect from concrete pipe. Time and again individuals who have specified and installed HDPE pipe have come back and inspected the pipe later only to find the installation not meeting expectations. What happens then? Bulletin 129 Taking Responsibility August, 2003 -- 1 Page The case of Ridge Line, Inc. vs. Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc. (ADS) in the U.S. District Court of West Virginia is a good example of what the limitations are for HDPE drainage pipe, and how problems resulting from these limitations are addressed when brought to the attention of the HDPE pipe manufacturer. Bulletin 130 Leaky Pipe Causes State of Emergency October, 2003 -- 2 Pages A recent pipe failure has resulted in major property damage and the declaration of a state of emergency for a community in Wisconsin.

56 American Concrete Pipe Association Bulletin 131 When is the Correct Pipe Material Important? April, 2004 -- 2 Pages A recent HDPE pipe collapse resulted in a dog becoming stuck in the pipe and having to be rescued by firemen. Bulletin 132 OSHA to Get Tough on Trenching Regulation Enforcement November, 2004 -- 2 Pages OSHA is expected to place additional emphasis on enforcing its current regulations as a result of increased trenching-related fatalities. Bulletin 133 Abrasion Affects Durability in Some Drainage Pipe June, 2005 -- 2 Pages Durability is the capability of pipe to continue to perform satisfactorily for an economically acceptable period of time. Precast concrete pipe has a long history of excellent durability as a storm drainage pipe. Bulletin 134 What Positive Lessons Can Be Learned from an HDPE Fire June, 2005 -- 2 Pages A fire in a 42 HDPE storm drain turned out to be both frightening and costly to Herriman City, a growing community in Utah. Bulletin 135 Engineering Design and Liability February, 2006 -- 29 Pages This bulletin is in a PowerPoint format. It illustrates the differences in performance between reinforced concrete pipe and high density polyethylene pipe (HDPE) and emphasizes the potential liability the consulting engineer assumes when selecting pipe materials for storm drainage applications. This presentation looks at the Toledo Zoo expansion project as an example. Bulletin 136 Trend Toward Deflection Testing Plastic Pipe Installations October, 2005 -- 2 Pages For years, HDPE pipe manufacturers have been telling the engineering community that generally, no post construction inspection is necessary or mandrels should be considered a last resort to evaluating the installation.

American Concrete Pipe Association 57 Bulletin 137 OSHA Supports ACPA s Claim Regarding Trench Boxes December, 2005 -- 1 Page OSHA supports ACPA s claims that there is a conflict between the OSHA regulations and ASTM D 2321 Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications regarding the use of trench boxes. Following safety regulations is most important, since trenching is generally recognized as one of the most hazardous operations in the construction industry. Bulletin 138 Don t Get Caught in Failure! Calculate E April, 2006 -- 2 Pages For years the engineering community has used oversimplified fill height tables when designing drainage pipe. Taking E values from the design guides or simple consensus standards of the pipe vendor should be avoided. If you have never worked with E values before, consult an expert! Bulletin 139 Defending the Right to Choose Concrete Pipe: ADS vs. Portland February, 2006 -- 2 Pages Every public works engineer knows the pressure vendors can exert on a city to approve its products for public works. For more than 15 years, Advanced Drainage Systems ( ADS ), a manufacturer of corrugated high density polyethylene pipe ( HDPE ), pressured the City of Portland, Oregon to approve its pipe for city projects. Throughout that time, the city repeatedly defended its choice of reinforced concrete pipe, citing concerns about the structural integrity and lifespan of HDPE as compared to concrete. In 2004, ADS took an unprecedented step, and sued the city in order to force the approval of HDPE. The City fought back, and won, successfully defending its engineers right to choose and that its choice is reinforced concrete pipe.

58 American Concrete Pipe Association RESEARCH The Economic Costs of Culvert Failures Joseph Perrin, Jr. and Chintan S. Jhaveri Prepared for the Transportation Research Board - January 2004 Submitted: November 15, 2003 This report is an independent study sponsored by the American Concrete Pipe Association. It was conducted by Joseph Perrin, Jr. and Chintan S. Jhaveri and was prepared for the Transportation Research Board. As America s infrastructure ages, the risk of failures increase. Consequent failures incur great costs to government agencies, private owners, and the public. Costs include not only replacement costs but safety and liability issues arising from delays. Actual replacement costs and user delays are often not considered in Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA). This report surveyed all states in the United States and Canada regarding their culvert practices. The surveys were used to develop an understanding of the procedures and criteria employed by agencies in selecting the best suitable pipe material for culverts and to document practices for tracking the failures. Failure case studies were examined to access the true costs of installation. From the documented failures and statistical sample, a risk factor was assigned to each pipe material. This study does not preclude the use of one pipe or another but helps in assessing trade-offs between initial installation cost and future reliability and risk. A national tracking of culvert failures would help agencies better understand the risks associated with failures. The risk factor could be incorporated in future LCCA calculations. Condition Investigation of HDPE Pipe In- Service in the United States (Six States) for the American Concrete Pipe Association, Irving, Texas WJE No. 991592, January 24, 2002 This report is an independent study sponsored by the American Concrete Pipe Association. Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. is a nationally recognized design and forensic company that had total professional responsibility to conduct the study and fully and accurately report its findings. WJE conducted a field of 39 culvert and storm drain installations in six states. The six states included in the study were: Ohio (13 installations), Colorado (7 installations),

American Concrete Pipe Association 59 Minnesota (4 installations), North Carolina (6 installations), Kentucky (4 installations), and Utah (5 installations.) All sites except one are DOT project sites. Most installations were conducted under close scrutiny by DOT inspection personnel. Of the 39 locations studied, 27 (69%) had ring deflections greater than 5%. Five percent deflection is considered in many quarters to indicate the onset of failure. Ten locations (26%) had deflections greater than 10%. Twenty-four locations (62%) exhibited buckling, cracking or bulging, all indications of overstressed conditions. Twenty-nine locations (74%) exhibited joint separation greater than 1 inch. This degree of separation will likely permit infiltration, soil transport and eventual loss of side support. Sixteen locations (41%) exhibited misalignment. Misalignment will reduce the hydraulic capacity of the line. This study clearly demonstrates the difficulty in achieving a problem free installation of HDPE pipe. Since the study sites extensive problems on DOT projects in only six states, it warrants cause for more investigations on public and private projects. Member or Nonmember $10.00 No. 03-246

60 American Concrete Pipe Association SOFTWARE BOXCAR The use of cast-in-place design methods for precast concrete box sections can result in costly overdesigns. BOXCAR Software (Box Culvert Analysis and Reinforcing Design) from the American Concrete Pipe Association can help you significantly reduce design time and project cost by calculating reinforcing steel areas for user-specified box geometry, material properties and loading data. BOXCAR Version 2.03 is an updated version of the original software program developed by the Federal Highway Administration, in cooperation with the American Concrete Pipe Association. The interactive program incorporates the direct method of design for the structural analysis and design of precast reinforced concrete box culvert sections by using the following steps: C o m p u t e a n d a p p l y loads to the structure Complete a structural analysis Design reinforcing to carry the resulting moments, thrusts and shears. BOXCAR Version 2.03 provides complete structural analysis for loads due to box weight, soil weight, internal fluid weight, live loads and user-specified surcharge loads. Using a Microsoft Windows-based operating program, the user-friendly input routines incorporated in BOXCAR Version 2.03 require only minimal computer experience. The user controls most parameters; however, knowledge of structural design codes is essential. BOXCAR Version 2.03 is intended to be a design tool for the practicing engineer. User instructions include descriptions of all input variables and help screens. Structural design methods conform to standards set by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and include ultimate flexure, shear and service load crack control. Member $110.00 Nonmember $220.00 No. 15-401 (CD)

American Concrete Pipe Association 61 CAPE (Stand Alone Version) Cost Analysis Pipe Envelope 2000 (CAPE 2000) is the perfect tool for design engineers, estimators and contractors to use in determining the real cost of installation. The program takes into account the many factors that affect the cost of installation for both rigid and flexible pipe: type of standard installation, in-situ materials, haulage costs, inspection costs and trench parameters. Included as part of the popular PipePac 2000 Software Program developed in cooperation with the Ontario Concrete Pipe Association, Canadian Concrete Pipe Association, Tubecon and Giffels Associates Limited, this Stand Alone version of CAPE 2000 provides just those tools needed to evaluate pipe installation costs. Using a Microsoft Windows-based operating program, the user-friendly input routines incorporated in CAPE 2000 require only minimal computer experience. The user controls most parameters of the program. Member $4.00 Nonmember $8.00 No. 15-905

62 American Concrete Pipe Association DASH Detention and Sewer Hydraulics Software Program DASH Detention and Sewer Hydraulics TM Software Program from the American Concrete Pipe Association provides design engineers and other users with a complete set of design tools to prepare, calculate and evaluate comprehensive storm water detention systems using concrete pipe. The software program consists of four modules: Storm Water Detention Volume Calculation This module allows the user to select one of four methods to calculate the volume of detention storage for the project, including TR-55, TR-20, HEC-1 and the Modified Rational Method. The program database contains information on how to obtain rainfall data for each method. All the inputs are done in a Windows environment. Storm Water Detention System Design This interactive design module allows the user to lay out pipes of any shape and size to scale and alerts the user when the volume required for the project has been reached. The program will determine the required class of concrete pipe for the given loading condition, calculate the cost of pipe, fittings and backfill material (if unit costs are known) and print a cost report. If unit costs are not known, the program will print a quotation request form. The final layout diagram can also be printed. Storm Sewer Design Calculation This module consists of a powerful design tool to assist in storm sewer design. The program will calculate flows for each pipe in the system using the rational method and then calculate

American Concrete Pipe Association 63 the required pipe size and slope, and invert elevations of the pipe at all downstream manholes. The user may adjust the size and slope of the pipes and provide additional drops at manholes to modify the design as desired. The program will then recalculate all other design parameters. Once the design is complete, the program will display a checklist comparing capacity of each pipe to the design flow; and flow velocity to the design velocity. Sanitary Sewer Design Calculation This module provides a useful design tool to assist in sanitary sewer design. The program will calculate flows for each pipe in the system using population densities, average per capita flow rates and peaking factors. It then calculates the required pipe size and slope, and invert elevations of the pipe at all downstream manholes. The user may adjust the size and slope of the pipes and provide additional drops at manholes to modify the design as desired. The program will then recalculate all other design parameters. Once the design is complete, the program will display a checklist comparing capacity of each pipe to the design flow and flow velocity to the design velocity. Member $10.00 Nonmember $45.00 No. 15-500

64 American Concrete Pipe Association PIPECAR The latest version of PIPECAR allows you to design concrete pipe in accordance with ASCE, SIDD (Standard Installations Direct Design) and AASHTO design standards for the buried condition, using the Direct Design method. PIPECAR (Pipe Culvert Analysis and Reinforcing Design) is a FHWA program developed in conjunction with ACPA as a direct method of structural analysis and design of concrete pipe sections with circular and elliptical reinforcement. The program is written with user friendly input routines requiring only minimal computer experience. The user controls most parameters, and a knowledge of structural design codes is essential. User instructions include descriptions of all input variables and design examples. Structural design includes ultimate flexure, shear and radial tension, and service load crack control. This latest version of PIPECAR incorporates the Heger earth pressure distributions in addition to Paris, Olander, or user defined load systems. The program determines moment, thrust, and shear stresses due to pipe weight, soil weight, fluid weight, live loads, and internal pressure up to 50 feet of head. Member $50.00 Nonmember $100.00 No. 15-301 (CD)

American Concrete Pipe Association 65 PipePac This useful software helps you with the task of selecting the right material for buried infrastructure systems. PipePac lets you determine the real cost of the materials you specify over the design life of a project. Integrated analysis is offered through three independent programs. Requires CD-ROM drive, Windows 95 or higher, Pentium Processor or higher and 32 MB of RAM to run program. Member $5.00 Nonmember $10.00 No. 15-900 (CD) 1. LCA What is the real cost over the project design life for the materials you are specifying? With LCA, you will know. LCA is the Least Cost (Life Cycle) Analysis program from the American Concrete Pipe Association for evaluating the costs associated with each alternate pipe material based on design components and project requirements. The program permits the designer to perform multiple economic analyses to compare different pipe materials based on total costs over the life of the project. It incorporates project design life, material service life, economic factors, traffic costs and other project related items. Total costs are calculated using present worth, annualized costs or future value methods. LCA s versatility and ease of use decreases the time and costs for conducting economic analyses and promotes more cost effective project designs.

66 American Concrete Pipe Association 2. CAPE Cost Analysis Pipe Envelope (CAPE) is the perfect tool for the pipe producer, the designer and the contractor to use in determining the real cost of installation. The program takes into account the many factors that affect the cost of installation for both rigid and flexible pipe: type of standard installation, in-site material, haul costs, inspection costs, and trench parameters. 3. 3EB The program 3EB (three-edge bearing) computes earth loads on concrete pipe in accordance with the methods presented in the ACPA publications Design Data 40 (Standard Installations and Bedding Factors for the Indirect Design Method), the Concrete Pipe Design Manual, and the Concrete Pipe Handbook. 3EB analyzes underground pipelines for standard installation conditions, trenches, embankments, and jacked and tunneled pipe. Loads are derived using the indirect design method, which relates the supporting strength of buried pipe to the strength obtained in a three-edge bearing test through the use of bedding factors. The program analyzes all standard live loads, such as aircraft and railroad loadings and AASHTO and Canadian truckloads. 3EB utilizes standard ASTM C76 safety factors for dead and live loads, which may be overridden by the user. The program allows the user to perform calculations in either English or SI (metric) units.

American Concrete Pipe Association 67 TECHNICAL SERIES Design Data Hydraulics Design Data 4 - Hydraulic Capacity of Sewers American Concrete Pipe Association, June 1976, 6 pp. Consists of tables for the direct selection of required pipe size for given design discharge and slope. Based on the Manning formula, the tables include circular corrugated metal pipe and concrete or other smooth wall pipe, elliptical concrete pipe, concrete arch pipe and corrugated metal pipe arch. Design Data 5 - Equivalent Flow Capacity of Sewers American Concrete Pipe Association, July 1969, 4 pp. Charts and tables are presented for the direct comparison of concrete and corrugated metal pipe to assure that the hydraulic capacity of the corrugated metal pipe will be at least equivalent to concrete pipe. Design Data 10 - Mannings n Values: History of Research American Concrete Pipe Association Presents results of the research programs that evaluated the coefficient of roughness of pipe materials. Also includes the design values of Manning s n as adopted and recommended by most governmental agencies. Design Data 35 - Partial Flow Conditions: Circular Concrete Pipe American Concrete Pipe Association Presents a method for determining the values of partial flow depth and velocity in circular concrete pipe through the use of a series of partial flow curves.

68 American Concrete Pipe Association Design Data 36 - Partial Flow Conditions: Arch Concrete Pipe American Concrete Pipe Association Presents a method for determining the values of partial flow depth and velocity in arch shaped concrete pipe through the use of a series of partial flow curves. Design Data 37 - Partial Flow Conditions: Elliptical Concrete Pipe American Concrete Pipe Association Presents a method for determining the values of partial flow depth and velocity in elliptical concrete pipe through the use of a series of partial flow curves. Design Data 3 - Hydraulic Performance Curves for Common Types of Culverts with Projection Inlets American Concrete Pipe Association Performance curves are presented which permit the direct selection of culvert size for any given design discharge and allowable headwater when the culvert is operating under inlet control. This material is based on the inlet control nomographs included in Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 5 developed by the Federal Highway Administration. Design Data 8 - Hydraulics of Culverts: 12-Inch through 21-Inch Diameter Pipe American Concrete Pipe Association Discusses major factors influencing culvert operation and presents hydraulic performance curves for 12-inch through 21-inch concrete and corrugated metal pipe. The performance curves are based on inlet and outlet control nomographs of Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 5 of the Federal Highway Administration.

American Concrete Pipe Association 69 Design Data 9 - Hydraulics of Culverts: 24-Inch through 48-Inch Diameter Pipe American Concrete Pipe Association Discusses major factors influencing culvert operation and presents hydraulic performance curves for 24-inch through 48-inch concrete and corrugated metal pipe. The performance curves are based on inlet and outlet control nomographs of Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 5 of the Federal Highway Administration. Design Data 10 - Hydraulics of Culverts: 54-Inch through 90-Inch Diameter Pipe American Concrete Pipe Association Discusses major factors influencing culvert operation and presents hydraulic performance curves for 54-inch through 90-inch concrete and corrugated metal pipe. The performance curves are based on inlet and outlet control nomographs of Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 5 of the Federal Highway Administration. Design Data 11 - Hydraulics of Culverts: 96-Inch through 144-Inch Diameter Pipe American Concrete Pipe Association Discusses major factors influencing culvert operation and presents hydraulic performance curves for 96-inch through 144-inch concrete and corrugated metal pipe. The performance curves are based on inlet and outlet control nomographs of Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 5 of the Federal Highway Administration. Design Data 18 - Hydraulics of Culverts: Horizontal Elliptical Concrete Pipe vs. Corrugated Metal Pipe Arch American Concrete Pipe Association Includes a discussion of the hydraulics of culverts along with hydraulic performance curves for horizontal elliptical concrete pipe and corrugated metal pipe arch for equivalent circular sizes of 18-inch through 72-inch diameter.

70 American Concrete Pipe Association Design Data 19 - Hydraulics of Culverts: Horizontal Elliptical Concrete Pipe vs. Structral Plate Pipe Arch American Concrete Pipe Association Includes a discussion of the hydraulics of culverts along with hydraulic performance curves for horizontal elliptical concrete pipe and corrugated metal pipe arch for equivalent circular sizes of 72-inch through 144-inch diameter. Design Data 20 - Hydraulics of Culverts: Horizontal Elliptical Concrete Pipe vs. Corrugated Metal Pipe Arch American Concrete Pipe Association Includes headwater discharge performance curves for all arch pipe sizes covered by ASTM Standard C506. The performance curves enable the direct selection of required culvert pipe size and illustrate the significant hydraulic efficiency of concrete arch pipe over corrugated metal pipe arch. Design Data 26 - Hydraulic Capacity of Precast Concrete Boxes American Concrete Pipe Association Presents a brief review of the hydraulics of sewers and culverts and their application to precast box culverts. Illustrates the use of design aids consisting of nomographs, tables and charts to solve example problems for typical installations of each type utilizing precast boxes. Briefly discusses the standard box sections specified in ASTM C789 and their availability through American Concrete Pipe Association member companies. Design Data 27 - Hydraulics of Culverts: Precast Concrete Box Sections 3-Foot through 6-Foot Spans American Concrete Pipe Association Presents culvert capacity hydraulic performance curves for box sections of 3-foot to 6-foot spans and a brief explanation of inlet and outlet control conditions on which curves are predicated. The performance curves are based on inlet and outlet control nomographs of the Federal Highway Administration.

American Concrete Pipe Association 71 Design Data 28 - Hydraulics of Culverts: Precast Concrete Box Sections 7-Foot through 10-Foot Spans American Concrete Pipe Association Presents culvert capacity hydraulic performance curves for box spans 7-foot through 10-foot and a brief explanation of inlet and outlet control conditions on which curves are predicated. The performance curves are based on inlet and outlet control nomographs of the Federal Highway Administration. Design Data 33 - Precast Concrete Box Sections: Partial Flow Conditions American Concrete Pipe Association Presents a method for determining the values of partial flow depth and velocity in concrete box sections through the use of a series of partial flow curves, which eliminate tedious trial and error computations. Design Data 34 - Hydraulics of Culverts: Precast Concrete Box Sections 11-Foot and 12-Foot Spans American Concrete Pipe Association Presents culvert capacity hydraulic performance curves for box spans 11-foot and 12-foot and a brief explanation of inlet and outlet control conditions on which curves are predicated. The performance curves are based on inlet and outlet control nomographs of the Federal Highway Administration. Installation Design Data 21 & DD 21 Metric - Curved Alignment American Concrete Pipe Association Presents a discussion and design procedure for the installation of concrete pipe on curved alignment through the use of deflected straight pipe and radius pipe. Radius of curvature for deflected straight pipe is presented in tabular form based on joint openings from 1/8 inch through 1-1/2 inches, pipe sizes from 12-inches through 144-inches in commonly manufactured pipe lengths.

72 American Concrete Pipe Association Radius of curvature for radius pipe is presented in graphical form based on drops from 1-inch through 15-inches. Loads and Supporting Strengths Design Data 1 & DD 1 Metric - Highway Live Loads on Circular Concrete Pipe American Concrete Pipe Association An aid to designers on evaluating the magnitude of live loads transmitted through unsurfaced roadways to circular, elliptical and arch concrete pipe in accordance with the criteria of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. Design Data 3 - Railway Loads on Concrete Pipe American Concrete Pipe Association Design Data 3 provides a simple means of analyzing railway live and dead loads on concrete pipe. The loading information is applicable to circular, arch, and elliptical pipe shapes. AREMA, Part 10, specifies the indirect design method in which the installation is dependent on a combination of specific pipe strengths and details of the soil envelope supporting the pipe. More recently, the direct design method has been developed to provide a more rational means of analyzing pipe strength and specifying installation details. The method analyzes the composite strength of the soil-pipe structure used in the installation. Research by the American Concrete Pipe Association (ACPA) has provided a series of improved Standard Installation details that can be used with either the direct or the indirect design method (9). Design Data 7 & DD 7 Metric - Transition Width American Concrete Pipe Association This Design Data explains, through the use of illustrations, the transition from a trench loading condition to an embankment loading condition. To aid the design engineer in evaluating transition widths for circular pipe and the resultant maximum backfill loads; figures are included for various heights of cover in the full range of pipe sizes.

American Concrete Pipe Association 73 Design Data 13 - Jacking Concrete Pipe American Concrete Pipe Association Presents a discussion on jacking procedures and loads. Design curves are included to determine the earth load on pipe installed by the jacking method of installation. Design Data 15 - Aircraft Loads American Concrete Pipe Association Considers loading on circular, horizontal elliptical and arch pipe. Tables giving loads in pounds per linear foot are presented for heavy commercial aircraft on both rigid and flexible pavements. The loads for the heavier aircraft are based on a Concorde landing gear assembly with a gross aircraft weight assumed to be 367,000 pounds. Design Data 17 - Loads and Supporting Strengths Of Elliptical and Arch Pipe American Concrete Pipe Association Presents a procedure for the selection of required pipe strength of horizontal elliptical, arch and vertical elliptical pipe. Theory with necessary graphs is included for both trench and positive projecting embankment installation. Design Data 25 - Three-Edge Bearing Strengths: Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe and Clay Pipe American Concrete Pipe Association Presents a strength comparison between nonreinforced concrete pipe and clay pipe. This Design Data illustrates that because of the difference in strength classifications of these two pipe materials, a higher strength clay pipe is usually required when compared to nonreinforced concrete pipe. Information is also included on the testing procedures used for both pipes. Design Data 29 - Multiple PIpe Installation - Trench Condition American Concrete Pipe Association Presents a design method for calculating the loads on multiple pipe in two of the most frequently encountered types of multiple installations. It briefly analyzes the factors that affect the loads on pipe in these conditions and

74 American Concrete Pipe Association illustrates a logical procedure through the use of example problems. Design Data 40 - Standard Installations and Bedding Factors for the Indirect Design Method American Concrete Pipe Association This publication enables pipe specifiers to take advantage of a new, stateof-the-art method for determining bedding factors. The four new Standard Installations replace the historical B, C, and D beddings. These new installations are part of SIDD (Standard Installation Direct Design), the American Concrete Pipe Association s recommended design method. Available individually. Miscellaneous Design Data 12 - Precast Concrete Manholes American Concrete Pipe Association Presents a discussion on precast concrete manhole assemblies, external loads and theoretical development of allowable manhole depth. Design Data 22 & DD 22 Metric - Flotation of Circular Concrete Pipe American Concrete Pipe Association Discusses the factors related to buoyancy of circular concrete pipe during and after installation. Presents a design method for calculating and analyzing the loads created by these factors. Presents several possible measures to prevent flotation and includes several illustrative example problems. Design Data 25 & DD 25 Metric - Life Cycle Cost Analysis American Concrete Pipe Association Discusses life cycle cost analysis factors in selecting the pipe materials best suited for its service life.

American Concrete Pipe Association 75 Design Data 39 - Low Pressure Air Testing of Sewers American Concrete Pipe Association Presents the application and limitations of low pressure air testing of installed concrete pipe sewers. Detailed information and guidelines are provided for proper application of the tests and interpretation of the results. Design Data 41 Manhole Flotation American Concrete Pipe Association This publication assists engineers in the proper design of manholes to prevent flotation. Design methods, using basic soil mechanics to determine if a manhole is susceptible to flotation, are presented for the engineer. The effects of the manhole configuration and surrounding soil conditions are taken into consideration with the analysis. Available individually.

76 American Concrete Pipe Association VIDEOS Essentials of Quality: Cements & Aggregates American Concrete Pipe Association 1994, 13 minutes. This video demonstrates proper techniques for the preparation of concrete for use in precast concrete pipe. Concrete pipe begins with a combination of Portland cement, aggregates and water. The ingredients are a vital part of a good concrete mix; they help determine the quality of the finished product. Essentials of Quality: Cements and Aggregates provides the viewer with the correct method for choosing the right suppliers and ingredients. Member $17.50 Nonmember $35.00 No. 12-400

American Concrete Pipe Association 77 Portland Cement Association and American Concrete Pipe Association Joint Promotion Materials This is the first in a series of specialized support programs being produced by ACPA in conjunction with the Portland Cement Association. Included is a 15-minute video, full-color brochure and document providing detailed information about the video (FAQ brochure.) These materials are suitable for use in individual and group presentations, including brown bag seminars and meetings. The Concrete Pipe Advantage: Built for the Future No. 07-231 (VHS Tape) Member: $10.00 ea. Nonmember: $20.00 ea. No. 07-230 (CD ROM) Member: $5.00 ea. Nonmember: $10.00 ea. No. 07-232, Built for the Future Brochure Member/Nonmember: $12.50 (package of 25) No. 07-233, Built for the Future FAQ Members only: no charge

78 American Concrete Pipe Association The Concrete Pipe Advantage: Long Term Structural Integrity No. 07-201 (VHS Tape) Member: $10.00 ea. Nonmember: $20.00 ea. No. 07-200 (CD ROM) Member: $5.00 ea. Nonmember: $10.00 ea. No. 07-202, Structural Integrity Brochure Member/Nonmember: $12.50 (package of 25) No. 07-203, Structural Integrity FAQ Members only: no charge The Concrete Pipe Advantage: Installation Success No. 07-210 (VHS Tape) Member: $10.00 ea. Nonmember: $20.00 ea. No. 07-211 (CD ROM) Member: $5.00 ea. Nonmember: $10.00 ea. No. 07-212 Installation brochure Member/Nonmember: $12.50 (package of 25) No. 07-213, Installation FAQ Members only: no charge The Concrete Pipe Advantage: Quality You Can Count On No. 07-220 (VHS Tape) Member: $10.00 ea. Nonmember: $20.00 ea. No. 07-221 (CD ROM) Member: $5.00 ea. Nonmember: $10.00 ea. No. 07-222 Quality Advantage Brochure Member/Nonmember: $12.50 (package of 25) No. 07-223, Quality FAQ Members only: no charge

American Concrete Pipe Association 79 MEMBER-ONLY PUBLICATIONS Antitrust Guidelines for Members American Concrete Pipe Association Ensure against any antitrust problems and the severe penalties that accompany them. This pamphlet discusses how laws such as the Sherman Act, Clayton Act, Robinson-Patman and others may affect members. Available for download from the ACPA MEMBERS ONLY website.

80 American Concrete Pipe Association Safety Cargo Securement Regulations for the Concrete Pipe Industy American Concrete Pipe Association, 12 PP This small field book presents a synthesis of the Regulatory Guidance for the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulation s Part 393 Parts and Accessories necessary for safe operations and Subpart I Protection Against Shifting or Falling Cargo. This handy field book comes in a size suitable for fitting into a driver s glove compartment and is intended to assist the loaders of pipe in securing safe cargo that complies with the regulations from the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. Member: $10.00 No. 10-101 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

American Concrete Pipe Association 81 Safety Alert Bulletins Bulletin - Modifications to Occupational Injury and Illness Reporting and Reporting Requirements (OSHA 300) Bulletin 102 - Working around Suspended Loads Bulletin 103 - Proper Lockout/Tagout Procedure Bulletin 104 - Pedestrians and Powered Industrial Trucks Bulletin 105 - Silica Update - Issues & Solutions Bulletin 106 - Automated External Defibrillators in the Work Place Bulletin 107 - Confined Space Regulations - Are You in Compliance? Bulletin 108 - Drug and Alcohol Testing - Do It Legally Bulletin 109 - Safety for Visitors, Vendors and Contractors Bulletin 110 - General Duty Clause Bulletin 111 - Where Did the Tier II Report Requirements Come From? Bulletin 112 - Proper Machine Safeguarding Bulletin 113 - OSHA s Silica Standards and How It Affects Your Operation Bulletin 114 - Pinch Points and Hand Injuries

82 American Concrete Pipe Association Safety Tool Kit This CD contains Safety information for plant employees in both English and Spanish. It also includes the ACPA Safety Manual, all Safety Alerts, the Material Safety Data Sheet and recent Chairman s Safety Awards. Member: $10.00 No. 15-200