Security of supply and scarcity of raw materials: a methodological framework for sustainability assessment Lucia Mancini and David Pennington Hotel Conca Azzurra, Ranco 13-14 th November 2012 www.jrc.ec.europa.eu Serving society Stimulating innovation Supporting legislation
Outline - Introduction - CRM and sustainability assessment: - Life cycle thinking and assessment - JRC-IES activities on CRM: - European platform on LCA - Impact assessment methodologies - LC indicators for resources, products and waste - Assessing resource efficiency of products - Introduction to the workshop 2
Introduction Main considerations on Critical Raw Materials: Role of RM in economic systems Price fluctuations in commodity markets Growing demand Development of green technologies Security of supply and resource scarcity debate 27 November 2012 3
CRM and sustainability assessment Integrated evaluation of the environmental, social and economic impacts within the CRM life cycle: Extraction phase Manufacturing phase Waste management Resource efficiency indicators/criteria: Accounting CRM flows in supply chain Minimization and substitution 4
Life cycle thinking For policy makers, business and consumers 27 November 2012 5
Life Cycle Assessment
Life Cycle Assessment 7
JRC-IES activities on CRM (1/6) Life Cycle data and methods: European Platform on LCA CRM life cycle data: use of CRMs in product life cycles as inputs as production residues/emissions 27 November 2012
JRC-IES activities on CRM (2/6) Impact assessment methodologies Exergy AADP CML 2002 EI99 Ecopoints 2006 EDIP 97 EPS 2000 IMPACT 2002+ Minerals 57 10 48 12 1 29 67 13 19 Fossil fuels Nuclear fuels 6 4 4 4 4 3 5 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Biotic 5 1 2 1 0 CRM 0 2 13 1 0 8 28 1 7 Source: Kinglmair et al. (2012) Assessing resource depletion in LCA: a review of methods and methodological issues (submitted paper) ReCiPe 2008 27 November 2012 9
JRC-IES activities on CRM (3/6) LC Indicators for resources, products and waste 10
JRC-IES activities on CRM (4/6) LC Indicators: coverage of CRM Resources Domestic Import Export Res. Depletion Antimony 0 x x x Beryllium 0 0 0 - Cobalt 0 0 0 - Fluorspar x x x - Gallium 0 0 0 - Germanium 0 0 0 - Graphite x 0 0 - Indium 0 0 0 - Magnesium x x 0 - Niobium 0 0 0 - PGMs* 0 x (1) x(3) x (3) Rare earths** 0 x (2) x(2) - Tantalum 0 0 0 - Tungsten x 0 0 x Domestic: amounts of CRM domestically extracted Import/export: amounts of CRM imported and exported through the internationally traded goods and services Resource depletion: available characterization factors for selected CRM (1) only palladium, platinum, rhodium (2) only lanthanum and neodymium (3) only palladium and platinum
JRC-IES activities on CRM (5/6) Basket of products A B C Antimony x x x Beryllium 0 0 0 Cobalt x x x Fluorspar x x 0 Gallium x x 0 Germanium 0 0 0 Graphite 0 0 0 Indium x x 0 Magnesium 0 0 0 Niobium 0 0 0 PGMs* x(1) x(1) x(3) Rare earths** x(2) x(2) 0 Tantalum x x x Tungsten x x x A: Amount of materials consumed by an average EU citizen in 1 year disaggregated by life cycle phase B: Amount of materials consumed by an average EU citizen in 1 year disaggregated by life cycle phase and by product C: Resource depletion of materials disaggregated by life cycle phase and area of consumption (1) only palladium, platinum, rhodium (2) only lanthanum and neodymium (3) only palladium and platinum
JRC-IES activities on CRM (6/6) Assessing resource efficiency of products DGs ENV+JRC developed methodologies to measure, assess and verify resource efficiency of products based on a set of parameters (between them): Reusability/Recyclability/Recoverability Recycled content Use of priority resources Generating explicit CRM criteria Case study 1: rare earths in washing machines Case study 2: indium in LCD-TV 27 November 2012 13
Introduction to the workshop Inclusion of criticality criteria within sustainability assessment 14
Introduction to the workshop Inclusion of criticality criteria in LCA, possible approaches Weighting Criticality criteria in resource depletion assessment methodologies Resource security indicator kg of CRM/FU
Session 1. Impact assessment methodologies of resource depletion in LCA Which scope for LCA resource depletion indicators? Which are the latest developments in the impact assessment methodologies for RD How could they be improved? Keynote speech: Ester van der Voet (Leiden University) Serenella Sala, EC JRC IES Tommie Ponsioen, PRé Consultant Laura Schneider, Technische Universität Berlin Mohan Yellishetty, Monash University Johannes Drielsma, EUROMINE
Session 2. Defining Criticality: methodological improvement in the identification of CRM How the methodologies for the identification of CRM could be enhanced? Are the criteria of CRM identification suitable for their consideration in the supply chain sustainability assessment? Keynote speech: Malwina Nowakowska (EC DG ENTR) Vangelis Tzimas, EC JRC IET Henrike Sievers, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources) Paul Telleen, US Department of Energy (Video)
Session 3. Resource Security in Sustainability Assessment How to consider the security of supply within the supply chain sustainability assessment? Can criticality criteria be included in LCA and in which way? Keynote speech: Luis Tercero Espinoza (Fraunhofer- ISI) Adrian Chapman, Oekdene Hollins Marisa Vieira, PRé Consultants Hans Savayn, EC JRC IPTS
Thank you, and welcome! www.jrc.ec.europa.eu http://lct.jrc.ec.europa.eu Serving society Stimulating innovation Supporting legislation 19