The Child Protection Working Group (CPWG) is the global level forum for coordination on child protection in humanitarian settings. The group brings together NGOs, UN agencies, academics and others under the shared objective of ensuring more predictable, accountable and effective child protection responses in emergencies. In the humanitarian system, the CPWG constitutes an area of responsibility within the Global Protection Cluster. http://www.cpwg.net
Acknowledgements ChildFund Child Soldiers International Columbia University Danish Refugee Council Geneva Call Handicap International ICRC International Rescue Committee Islamic Relief Worldwide International Labour Organization Keeping Children Safe Norwegian Refugee Council Plan International Save the Children SOS Children s Villages Terre des Hommes UNDPKO UNHCR UNICEF War Child Women's Refugee Commission World Vision International Funded by: Designed by: Suggested citation: http://www.cpwg.net 3
Foreword Louise Aubin UNHCR Rashid Khalikov OCHA 5
Table of ContentS 13 14 16 17 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 27 28 29 29 30 31
37 44 50 56 62 69 79 85 91 97 103 111 117 128 135 143 149 155
167 173 180 186 193 198 203 208
INTRODUCTION
What is child protection in emergencies? 13
The international legal basis for child protection in emergencies 1. 2. 3. 14
Four key principles set out by the CRC, and their relevance to humanitarian action: 15
How does child protection fit within humanitarian action? 16
What is the purpose of these standards? How do these standards link with the Sphere Project and other standards? 17
What does each standard contain? 18
Who are the standards intended for? 19
How were the standards developed and what are they based on? 20
What is meant by minimum standards, and what happens if they cannot be met? 21
How do I use the standards in my context? 22
At what stage of humanitarian action do the standards apply? 23
PRINCIPLES AND APPROACHES PRINCIPLES AND APPROACHES
Principles and approaches The considerations in this section are key to the full application and attainment of the standards, and should be used and presented alongside the standards. Principles 1-4 are the Protection Principles in the Sphere child protection.
Principle 1: Avoid exposing people to further harm as a result of your actions 27
Principle 2: Ensure people s access to impartial assistance 28
Principle 3: Protect people from physical and psychological harm arising from violence and coercion Principle 4: Assist people to claim their rights, access available remedies and recover from the effects of abuse 29
Principle 5: Strengthen child protection systems 30
Principle 6: Strengthen children s resilience in humanitarian action 31
32
STANDARDS
STANDARDS TO ENSURE A QUALITY CHILD PROTECTION RESPONSE Ensure a quality response
standards to ensure a quality child protection response These standards focus on key programming components, including: They do not aim to replace the existing policies and The standards that follow in the next section are related
STANDARD 1 COORDINATION standard 1 Standard Key actions 37
standard 1 38
standard 1 39
standard 1 MeasuremenT 40
Guidance notes 1. Responsibility for coordination: standard 1 3. Provider of last resort: 41
standard 1 5. Sensitive issues: 7. Global-level CPWG: 42
References standard 1 43
standard 2 STANDARD 2 Human resources Standard Key actions 44
standard 2 45
standard 2 MeasuremenT Guidance notes 3. Staff capacity: 46
4. Gender: standard 2 5. Disability: 47
standard 2 7. Capacity building: 9. Child protection policy: 10. Staff wellbeing: 48
References standard 2 49
standard 3 STANDARD 3 Communication, advocacy and media Standard Key actions 50
standard 3 51
standard 3 MeasuremenT 52
Guidance notes 1. Organizational guidance: standard 3 2. Building national capacity for advocacy: 4. Participation: 53
standard 3 54
References standard 3 55
standard 4 STANDARD 4 Programme cycle management UNDERSTAND learn know plan and implement analyse 56 Standard Key actions
standard 4 57
MeasuremenT standard 4 7. 8. Guidance notes 2. Coordination structure: 58
standard 4 5. Data disaggregation: 6. Inclusion: 59
standard 4 8. Life with dignity: 10. Ensuring the views of affected people, including children: 60
References standard 4 61
STANDARD 5 Information management standard 5 (1) (2) (3) Standard Key actions 62
standard 5 63
MeasuremenT standard 5 Guidance notes 1. Coordination: 64
standard 5 3. Security precautions: 65
standard 5 6. Mandatory Reporting: 66
standard 5 67
References standard 5 68
STANDARD 6 Child protection monitoring standard 6 Standard Key actions 69
standard 6 70
MeasuremenT standard 6 Guidance notes 1. Mapping: 71
standard 6 3. Coordination: 4. Training: 72
standard 6 73
standard 6 74
References standard 6 75
STANDARDS TO address child protection needs Address needs
standards to address child protection needs areas of work and critical issues in child protection: groups
STANDARD 7 Dangers and injuries standard 7 Standard Key actions 79
standard 7 80
MeasuremenT standard 7 Guidance notes 1. Physical dangers and risks: 2. Data collection: 81
standard 7 82
5. Schools: standard 7 7. Survivor assistance: 83
References standard 7 84
STANDARD 8 Physical violence and other harmful practices standard 8 Standard Key actions 85
standard 8 86
MeasuremenT standard 8 Guidance notes 87
standard 8 4. Awareness: 6. Interviews: 88
7. Gender: standard 8 89
References standard 8 90
STANDARD 9 Sexual violence standard 9 Standard Key actions 91
standard 9 92
MeasuremenT standard 9 93
Guidance notes 1. Awareness: standard 9 2. Capacity building: 4. Code of conduct: 94
standard 9 8. Interviews: 9. Adolescents: 10. Children and adolescents with disabilities: 95
References standard 9 96
STANDARD 10 Psychosocial distress and mental disorders Standard standard 10 Key actions 97
standard 10 MeasuremenT 98
Guidance notes 1. Multi-layered supports: standard 10 intervention pyramid Examples 99
standard 10 4. Early childhood: 100
7. Support to caregivers: 8. Monitoring wellbeing: standard 10 101
References standard 10 102
STANDARD 11 Children associated with armed forces or armed groups Standard standard 11 Key actions 103
standard 11 104
MeasuremenT standard 11 Guidance notes 1. Advocacy: 105
standard 11 4. Release: 106
standard 11 107
standard 11 8. Reintegration: 108
standard 11 109
References standard 11 110
STANDARD 12 Child labour standard 12 To be eliminated To be eliminated as a mater of urgency activities not to necessarily be eliminated 111
Standard Key actions standard 12 112
MeasuremenT standard 12 Guidance notes 113
standard 12 2. Hazardous work: 3. Children who need targeted help: 114
5. Support provided to children: standard 12 115
References standard 12 116
STANDARD 13 Unaccompanied and separated children standard 13 Standard 117
A. Key actions - identification, documentation, tracing and reunification (IDTR) standard 13 118
standard 13 119
B. Key actions - alternative care standard 13 120
MeasuremenT standard 13 121
Guidance notes 1. First days: standard 13 3. Coordination: 122
standard 13 123
standard 13 7. Tracing: 124
10. Follow-up: standard 13 125
standard 13 126
References standard 13 127
STANDARD 14 Justice for children standard 14 128
Standard Key actions standard 14 129
MeasuremenT standard 14 Guidance notes 1. Deprivation of liberty: 130
3. Advocacy: standard 14 131
References standard 14 132
STANDARDS TO develop adequate child protection strategies Develop strategies
standards to develop adequate child protection strategies Standards in this area include the main child protection needs. As with all other standards, they are based on include standards relating to:
STANDARD 15 Case management standard 15 Standard 135
Key actions standard 15 136
0. 1. 4. 3. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. standard 15 137
MeasuremenT 7. 8. 9. standard 15 Guidance notes 2. Analysing what is possible: 138
4. Standard operation procedures (SOPs): standard 15 6. Staff capacity: 139
7. Prioritising cases: standard 15 9. Case plans: 140
10. Case conferences: 12. Closing a case: standard 15 141
References standard 15 142
STANDARD 16 Community-based mechanisms Standard Key actions standard 16 143
standard 16 144
MeasuremenT Guidance notes 1. External aid: 2. Ownership: standard 16 145
5. Capacity Building: standard 16 6. Subgroups: 7. Messages: 146
9. Urban settings: 10. Funding: standard 16 147
References standard 16 148
STANDARD 17 Child-friendly spaces Standard standard 17 Key actions 149
standard 17 150
MeasuremenT Guidance notes 1. Appropriateness: standard 17 151
3. Age and gender sensitivity: standard 17 4. Disability awareness: 5. Play: 6. Schools: 152
7. Parents: 8. Capacity building: 9. Monitoring: standard 17 153
References standard 17 154
STANDARD 18 Protecting excluded children Standard Key actions standard 18 155
standard 18 156
MeasuremenT Guidance notes standard 18 157
2. Identifying excluded children: standard 18 4. Children with disabilities (CwD): 158
6. Children living and working on the streets (CLWS): 7. Children affected by HIV: standard 18 159
standard 18 160
References standard 18 161
Standards to mainstream child protection in other humanitarian sectors Mainstream child protection
Standards to mainstream child protection in other humanitarian sectors Why should child protection be mainstreamed? Many threats to the safety and wellbeing of children can be of humanitarian aid in all other sectors. Furthermore, all sectors the immediate humanitarian response, all humanitarian sectors Mainstreaming child protection, or ensuring that child protection considerations inform all aspects of humanitarian action, helps to maximise the child protection impacts of exacerbated by programmes designed without proper mainstreaming child protection is part of compliance with the do no harm principle. What do these standards cover? assistance and child protection (for example, where support to parents is likely to mean that children are safer) as actions for other humanitarians, to ensure child protection
progress towards reaching the standards children. Who is responsible for ensuring children are protected? States are responsible for protecting children at all times, including in humanitarian crises. All humanitarian workers are responsible for ensuring that their actions do not bring children into risk in any way, and that the programmes they implement One important aspect of this is simply ensuring that all children as they are to adults. safety and wellbeing of those affected, including children. For a powerful effect in keeping children and parents together. role in water collection, as well as their other duties and needs, is thought through carefully from the start. These Standards focus mainstreaming child protection in the following sectors:
STANDARD 19 Economic recovery and child protection Standard Key actions standard 19 167
standard 19 168
MeasuremenT standard 19 169
Guidance notes 1. Structural barriers: standard 19 4. Cash transfers: 170
5. Monitoring and evaluation: 8. Stereotyping: standard 19 171
References standard 19 172
STANDARD 20 Education and child protection Standard Key actions standard 20 173
standard 20 174
standard 20 175
MeasuremenT standard 20 Guidance notes 1. Flexibility, relevance and quality: 176
3. Equity: 4. Teachers and other education personnel: standard 20 6. Abuse: 177
7. Attacks: 8. Messaging: standard 20 178
References standard 20 179
STANDARD 21 Health and child protection Standard Key actions standard 21 180
standard 21 181
standard 21 182
MeasuremenT Guidance notes standard 21 183
2. Medical reports: 3. Capacity building: standard 21 5. Evacuation: 184
References standard 21 185
STANDARD 22 Nutrition and child protection Standard Key actions standard 22 186
standard 22 187
MeasuremenT standard 22 188
Guidance notes 1. Capacity building: standard 22 189
3. Infant feeding: standard 22 4. Mother groups: 190
7. Social workers: standard 22 191
References standard 22 192
STANDARD 23 Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and child protection Standard Key actions standard 23 193
standard 23 194
MeasuremenT Guidance notes 1. Capacity building: 2. Messaging: standard 23 195
3. Water containers: 4. Age groups: standard 23 196
References standard 23 197
STANDARD 24 Shelter and child protection Standard Key actions standard 24 198
standard 24 199
MeasuremenT Guidance notes standard 24 200
3. Multi-disciplinary: 4. Capacity building: standard 24 201
References standard 24 202
STANDARD 25 Camp management and child protection Standard Key actions standard 25 203
standard 25 204
MeasuremenT Guidance notes 2. Focal points: standard 25 205
4. Equal access: 5. Site planning: standard 25 6. Safety: 206
References standard 25 207
STANDARD 26 Distribution and child protection standard 26 208 Standard Key actions
209 standard 26
MeasuremenT standard 26 210
Guidance notes 2. Monitoring: 3. Distribution: 4. Registration points: 211 standard 26
5. Separated children: 6. Targeted assistance: standard 26 212
References 213 standard 26
Annexes and glossary ANNEXES AND GLOSSARY
ANNEXES Relevant legal instruments Global Regional Global 217
Regional 218
219
GLOSSARY A Actors Accountability Age Children Adolescents Alternative care 221
I. II. III. IV. V. 222
C Capacity-building Child-friendly spaces (CFS) Child labour Cognitive 223
Coping Crisis 224 D Desk review Dignity Disability Disaggregated data
Disaster Disaster preparedness Disaster risk reduction Duty bearers E Early recovery 225
G Gender 226 H Hazard Hazardous work
I Internally displaced persons 227
International refugee law L Learners Life skills Livelihood 228
M Mitigation N P Participation Preparedness Prevention 229
Protection Psychosocial support Q Quality Qualitative and quantitative data 230 R Resilience Risk
S Safety Security Sex Stakeholder Sustainable 231
V Vulnerability 232 w Wellbeing
Acronyms and abbreviations AoR AXO BID CAAC CAAFAG CBCPM CBO CCM CFS CLMS CLWS CP CPiE CPIMS CPRA CPWG CRC CRPD CwD DDR DRR ECD ECOSOC ERW FTR GBV GBVIMS IA CP IMS IASC IAWG IAWG-UASC ICCPR ICRC IDP IDTR IMTF INEE INGO IOM IRC MARA 233
MBT MHPSS MoU MRM NFIs NGO NRCS OCHA OHCHR PFA PSS SeeP SOPs SRSG ToRs UASC UDHR UN UNAIDS UNFPA UNCHR UNICEF UNICEF CCC UXO WASH WCFL WWNK WWWW or 4W 234
INDEX 221 221 221 221 235
221 224 222 236
223 237
CERF 223 238
221 239
223 223 24 240
230 224 224 241
224 225 225 225 227 225 225 226 225 242
226 243
226 226 226 244
222 245
222 246
227 227 228 228 228 228 228 228 229 247
248
249
229 229 250
230 230 251
230 222 252
230 230 231 231 253
231 221 254
231 255
232 256
232 257
Standards to ensure a quality child protection response Standard 1 Standard 2 Standard 3 Standard 4 Standard 5 Standard 6 Standards to address child protection needs Standards to develop adequate child protection strategies Standards to mainstream child protection IN OTHER HUMANITARIAN SECTORS Standard 7 Standard 15 Standard 19 Standard 8 Standard 16 Standard 20 Standard 9 Standard 17 Standard 21 Standard 10 Standard 11 Standard 18 Standard 22 Standard 23 Standard 12 Standard 24 Standard 13 Standard 25 Standard 14 Standard 26 The CPMS are recognised as a companion standard to The Sphere Project s Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response