ASTM International Workshop for Local Architects, Engineers and Contractors JW Marriott, Indianapolis, IN June 10, 2013 1
Introduction Workshop is presented by: ASTM Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing 2
Purpose of Workshop To present information on how ASTM Standards are developed and on how architects., engineers, and contractors can participate in the development of ASTM standards in their industry. To discuss information in ASTM standards that is most used by architects, engineers, and contractors in the design and construction of masonry structures and roofing and waterproofing systems. 3
Program Outline ASTM Overview ASTM Standard Development Committee C12: C270, C1713 Committee C15: C90, C216, C902 Committee D08: C981, D1079, D7186 Wrap up 4
ASTM Overview ASTM Standard Development Kevin Shanahan ASTM C12, C15 Staff Manager 5
Overview - ASTM International Founded in 1898 Developing voluntary, consensus standards for materials, products, systems & services Published more than 12,000 standards Standards are continually reviewed and updated to reflect current technology/trends Over 35,000 members from 145 countries
Introduction to ASTM International Previously known as - American Society for Testing & Materials, name changed in 2001 ASTM International is a non-profit organization headquartered in West Conshohocken, PA One of the largest voluntary standards development organizations (SDO) in the world Sustains its operations through the sales of its intellectual property (standards & publications)
Introduction to ASTM International 143 Technical Committees 90 Different Industry Sectors Members determine need, staff assists administratively with process Example Committees: A01 on Steel C16 on Thermal Insulation E50 on Environmental Assessment C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants D20 on Plastics F04 on Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices
Introduction to ASTM International Opportunity for all stakeholders to participate in the standards development process Every member has equal say Consensus-based procedures Stakeholders on ASTM Committees: Product Manufacturers Regulatory Agencies End Users engineers, architects, contractors Academia
Balance of Interest Producer ASTM User & General Interest Technical Committees are balanced. No excess influence by any interest group. 10
Process for a New Standard Idea for New Standard Executive Subcommittee Approval Assign Subcommittee Subcommittee Approval Establish Task Group Publicize, Gain New Experts in Area
Proposed Revision For a revision, the standard & subcommittee are already established Approval by Subchair or a motion at a meeting Technical contact may already be identified Establish a Task Group, register Work Item
Subcommittee Structure C15 Main Committee (300 members) Sub C15.02 (101) Sub C15.03 (116) Sub C15.04 (68) Sub C15.05 (106) C15.90 Executive (20) C15.03.20 TG on Paving Units (16) C15.05.07 TG on Workmanship (21) 13
Documents are drafted and revised in the task group Two levels of balloting Sub & Main, subcommittees contain technical expertise After subcommittee approval, the main committee & entire Society Balloting
Utilizing the Website for Participation The ASTM International Homepage
How are Standards Used? ASTM Standards are voluntary consensus standards Become Mandatory when: Cited in a contract Government agencies reference them in codes, certification, regulations, and laws (US: P.L. 104-113)
Member Expectations ASTM requires all participating members with the official vote to return ballots $75 yearly fee, includes complimentary volume Review standards activity in the committee Understand voting options/process Attendance at meetings is not a requirement Certificate of Attendance available
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry C270 Standard Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry Lynn Lauersdorf Masonry Consultant C1713 Standard Specification for Mortars for the Repair of Historic Masonry Steve Talafous Buildings Consulting Group 19
20 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section Four, Volume 04.05
Listing of 18 Active Standards Under The Jurisdiction of C12 C144-11 Standard Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar C270-12a Standard Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry C404-11 Standard Specification for Aggregates for Masonry Grout C476-10 Standard Specification for Grout for Masonry C780-12a Standard Test Method for Preconstruction and Construction Evaluation of Mortars for Plain and Reinforced Unit Masonry C887-05(2010) Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Combined Materials for Surface Bonding Mortar C946-10 Standard Practice for Construction of Dry-Stacked, Surface- Bonded Walls C1019-11 Standard Test Method for Sampling and Testing Grout C1142-95(2007) Standard Specification for Extended Life Mortar for Unit Masonry 3
Listing of 18 Active Standards Under the Jurisdiction of C12 C1148-92a(2008) Standard Test Method for Measuring the Drying Shrinkage of Masonry Mortar C1180-10 Standard Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit Masonry C1324-10 Standard Test Method for Examination and Analysis of Hardened Masonry Mortar C1384-12a Standard Specification for Admixtures for Masonry Mortars C1403-12 Standard Test Method for Rate of Water Absorption of Masonry Mortars C1586-05(2011) Standard Guide for Quality Assurance of Mortars C1660-10 Standard Specification for Thin-bed Mortar for Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) Masonry C1713-12 Standard Specification for Mortars for the Repair of Historic Masonry C1714/C1714M-13 Standard Specification for Preblended Dry Mortar Mix for Unit Masonry 22
New Specification in Process WK38182 (New Specification) Performance Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry 23
24 The Most Used C12 Standard is C270 Mortar for Unit Masonry
25 Committee C12 was Organized in 1931, with the First C270 in 1951
Mortar Types Past and Present Original Current A-1 M A-2 S B N C O D K 26
Mortar by Proportion or Property Specification Original C270 had only a strength requirement Current C270 has choice of proportions with three different types of cementitious materials or having property requirements of strength, water retention, air content and aggregate ratios 27
Cementitious Materials There are 3 different cementitious materials available for the proportion specifications: Cement-Lime Mortar Cement Masonry Cement The minimum psi for Type O to M mortars per property requirements vary from 350 to 2500. 28
C270 Appendixes X1 Selection and Use of Mortar for Unit Masonry X2 Efflorescence X3 Tuck Pointing Mortar X4 Examples of Material Proportioning for Test Batches of Mortar 29
Plastic Mortars Appendix Information Types of Mortar Properties Hardened Mortars 30
Plastic Mortar Properties Workability Flow Water Retention and Water Retentivity Stiffening Characteristics 31
Hardened Mortar Properties Bond Strength, Extent and Durability Extensibility and Plastic Flow Compressive Strength Durability 32
Guide for the Selection of Masonry Mortar Table X1.1 in the Appendix is a general guide for selection of mortar type for various masonry wall construction. Selection of mortar type should also be based on the type of masonry units to be used as well as applicable building code and engineering practice standard requirements such as allowable design stresses and lateral support. 33
34 Appendix Table X1.1
35 Which Direction Are We Headed?
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry ASTM C1713 Standard Specification for Mortar for the Repair of Historic Masonry 36 Steven Talafous, PE, Presenter John Wathne, PE, Task Group Chair
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry While ASTM C270 does a very good job of specifying mortars for New Masonry Construction, Prior to the publication of C1713, there was no ASTM specification to describe mortars for Historic Masonry Construction. 37
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry Modern Mortars are primarily Portland Cement and Hydrated Lime based. Historic Mortars included many different binder types that were mostly replaced by more modern materials. A Restoration Revolution has been underway in the masonry industry, that has seen the revival of nearly every historic masonry material in a modern replicated form. 38
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry Educated decisions must be made by the users of these newly revived materials, who proceed on the assumption that the matching the in-situ mortars with modern replications is usually better than using incompatible materials that behave differently than the original. While ASTM specifications describe many of the constituent materials, no ASTM specification described their combination into a mortar, until C1713. 39
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry Fundamental differences that make ASTM C1713 unique from ASTM C270: 1.Includes all binder materials available other than clay Any historic mortar constituent covered by ASTM is allowed, plus alternate materials that may actually include clay and gypsum, subject to pre qualification tests. 40
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry Fundamental differences that make ASTM C1713 unique from ASTM C270: 1.Includes all binder materials other than clay. 2.Different sample curing regimes and curing times for carbonating vs. hydrating binders in order to more accurately represent the different processes of the respective materials Cements cure by hydration, pure air limes cure by carbonation, hydraulic limes cure by both. 41
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry Binder Type: Lime Putty (C1489) Hydrated Lime (C207) Mode of Curing: Carbonation Hydraulic Lime (C141, C113) Natural Cement (C10) Portland Cement (C150) Masonry Cement (C91) Blended Hydraulic Cements (C595, C1157) Carbonation- Hydration Hydration 42
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry Fundamental differences that make ASTM C1713 unique from ASTM C270: 43 1.Includes all binder materials other than clay. 2.Different sample curing regimes and curing times for carbonating vs. hydrating binders in order to more accurately represent the different processes of the respective materials. 3. Allows for wider variation in proportions than ASTM C270, including aggregate composition and binder to aggregate ratios Rules have been liberalized, subject to test, in order to allow binder compositions and ratios to matched to existing mortars, which may not conform to the requirements of C270.
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry Fundamental differences that make ASTM C1713 unique from ASTM C270: 44 1.Includes all binder materials other than clay. 2.Different sample curing regimes and curing times for carbonating vs. hydrating binders in order to more accurately represent the different processes of the respective materials. 3. Allows for wider variation in proportions than ASTM C270, including aggregate composition and binder to aggregate ratios. 4.The first mortar specification to specifically address water vapor transmission, porosity, and maximum compressive strength (rather than just minimum) Water Vapor Permeability and an upper limit on strength are critical to the compatibility between old and new.
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry 45 Too Strong and Insufficiently Breathable a mortar has accelerated the deterioration of this 100-year old masonry pier.
Increasing vapor permeability Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry Relative Water Vapor Permeability for Pure Binders Plus Sand Hydraulic Cement Natural Cement Hydraulic Lime Hydraulic Lime Hydraulic Lime Non-Hydraulic Lime 46
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry Increasing compressive strength Relative Compressive Strengths for Mortars of Pure Binder Plus Sand at 12- months age 47
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry Fundamental differences that make ASTM C1713 unique from ASTM C270: 1.Includes all binder materials other than clay. 2.Different sample curing regimes and curing times for carbonating vs. hydrating binders in order to more accurately represent the different processes of the respective materials. 3. Allows for wider variation in proportions than ASTM C270, including aggregate composition and binder to aggregate ratios. 4.The first mortar specification to specifically address water vapor transmission, porosity, and maximum compressive strength (rather than just minimum). 48 5. Proportion Specification and a Property Specification tailored to the conservation of masonry this is a variant on the methods used in C270.
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry Proportion or Property Specification? Proportion Spec well-suited to: -Site Mixed Mortars -Trial Formulations Property Spec well-suited to: - Large Projects - Pre-Blended Bag Mix Products 49
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry 50 Fundamental differences that make ASTM C1713 unique from ASTM C270: 1.Includes all binder materials other than clay. 2.Different sample curing regimes and curing times for carbonating vs. hydrating binders in order to more accurately represent the different processes of the respective materials. 3. Allows for wider variation in proportions than ASTM C270, including aggregate composition and binder to aggregate ratios. 4.The first mortar specification to specifically address water vapor transmission, porosity, and maximum compressive strength (rather than just minimum). 5. Proportion Specification and a Property Specification tailored to the conservation of masonry 6.Many of the tested properties can also be used in evaluation of in situ mortars as well as substrate materials This is addressed in the Appendix.
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry Use in Practice: No more M a S o N w O r K - Should specify actual constituents and proportions, using the Proportion Specification or - Should specify desired properties, using the Property Specification 51
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry An Example of Proportion Specification: 2.3 Mortar A. Provide mortar conforming to ASTM C1713 Proportion Specification in the formulation(s) as listed below: Mortar for concealed exterior masonry rebuilding or pointing shall be shall be parts Portland Cement, _ parts Natural Cement, parts Hydrated Lime, Parts Lime Putty, Parts Hydraulic Lime and _ parts Bulked Sand. Cured mortar shall have a minimum compressive strength Fc of not less than psi and a maximum compressive strength Fcmx of not more than psi. Adjustment of the formulation will only be allowed where and when permitted by the Architect/ Engineer in writing to obtain required physical properties. 52
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry 2.3 Mortar A. Provide mortar conforming to ASTM C1713 Proportion Specification in the formulation(s) as listed below: Mortar for exposed exterior masonry rebuilding or pointing shall be shall be parts Portland Cement, _ parts Natural Cement, parts Hydrated Lime, Parts Lime Putty, Parts Hydraulic Lime and _ parts Bulked Sand. Cured mortar shall have a minimum compressive strength Fc of not less than psi and a maximum compressive strength Fcmx of not more than psi. Adjustment of the formulation will only be allowed where and when permitted by the Engineer in writing to obtain required physical properties. Sand shall be properly selected and blended to match the color, texture and appearance of the existing mortar sand. Where needed, up to 10% by mineral oxide pigment by weight of binder may be added to best match the color of the original mortar. Pigments shall be chemically pure mineral oxides, alkali proof and light fast. 53
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry An Example of Property Specification: 2.3 Mortar A. Provide mortar conforming to ASTM C1713 Property Specification in the formulation(s) as listed below: Structural mortar for concealed Reconstruction and Pointing/ Repointing shall be a blend of, and and Sand or as manufactured by with Water Retention and Air Entrainment within the limits of ASTM C1713 and the following cured properties: 54
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry An Example of Property Specification (cont.): a.total Porosity TP= %. b.water Vapor Permeability WVP= perms. c.minimum Compressive Strength Fc = psi. d.maximum Compressive Strength Fcmx= psi. e.cured mortar shall have a minimum compressive strength Fc of not less than psi and a maximum compressive strength Fcmx of not more than psi. Adjustment of the formulation will only be allowed where and when permitted by the Engineer in writing to obtain required physical properties. 55
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry 2.3 Mortar A. Provide mortar conforming to ASTM C1713 Property Specification in the formulation(s) as listed below: Structural mortar for exposed Reconstruction and Pointing/ Repointing shall be a blend of, and and Sand or as manufactured by with Water Retention and Air Entrainment within the limits of ASTM C1713 and the following cured properties: List same properties as before but adjusted for exterior exposure. And.. 56
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry Sand shall be properly selected and blended to match the color, texture and appearance of the existing mortar sand. Where needed, up to 10% by mineral oxide pigment by weight of binder may be added to best match the color of the original mortar. Pigments shall be chemically pure mineral oxides, alkali proof and light fast. 57
Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry Future Goals: Improve/ expand C1713 as needed- Work with users to gather comments, educate and to address concerns. Create Appendices- Appendix X1 completed, working on X2. 58 Create Annex- Would be a repository of vetted mortar test data for reference by specifiers.
Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units C90 Standard Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry Units C216 Standard Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale C902 Standard Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving Brick 59 Dr. W. Mark McGinley, PE University Of Louisville
C 15 Scope: Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units Standards, relating to the manufacture of manufactured masonry units of inorganic materials, including but not limited to fired clay and shale, concrete, sand-lime, and coatings for such units. standards on the use of these units in site-built and prefabricated masonry elements. 60
Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units Commonly Specified Standards C90 Standard Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry Units C216 Standard Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale C902 Standard Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving Brick 61
Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units C90 Standard Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry Units Scope- This specification covers hollow and solid concrete masonry units made from hydraulic cement, water, and mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials. There are three classes of concrete masonry units: (1) normal weight, (2) medium weight, and (3) lightweight. These units are suitable for both loadbearing and nonloadbearing applications. 62
Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units C90 Standard Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry Units Typical Application- Units for Reinforced Load Bearing Walls, f u = 1900 psi min, commonly 2000 to 2800 psi. Also used for partitions, infills and veneer backing walls 63
Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units C90 Standard Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry Units What s New? - New Web Provisions (11- b) To reduce thermal bridging and improve energy efficiency Old 64
NEW Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units 65
Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units C216 Standard Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale Scope- Specification covers brick intended for use in masonry structural or facing components, or both. manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heat treatment must develop a fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability. Typical use - Face bricks / Veneers 66
67 Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units C216 Standard Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale Two grades of brick- Severe Weathering (SW) Moderate Weathering (MW) - - Based on weathering index Above 50 index or in contact with ground use SW default is SW. Three types of brick- FBS Standard variations and tolerances, FBX- Low variation, precision units FBA Non uniform units, distressed, etc
Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units C216 Standard Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale Appendix to C 216 - is designed to explain the specification, noting subtleties and relationships that might not otherwise be clear. Covers issues of grade and type and where to use what type of units, what causes efflorescence, etc. 68
Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units C216 Standard Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale - Efflourescence- Is a coating, usually white, that sometimes appears on the surface of brick. Sometimes erroneously thought to be inherent to the brick. May come from the brick itself or from sources such as mortar, grout, adjacent materials, cleaning solutions, etc. 69
Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units C902 Standard Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving Brick Scope- brick intended for use as paving material subjected to pedestrian and light vehicular traffic designed for use in pedestrian applications and vehicular areas that are subjected to low volumes of vehicular traffic...must develop a fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability Typical uses - Sidewalks and driveways 70
71 Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units C902 Standard Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving Brick Three weathering classes SX Where brick may be frozen while saturated- default,mx Exterior use but freeze thaw not an issue NX Not for exterior use Abrasion resistance Three types Type I - high abrasion resistance
Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units C902 Standard Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving Brick Abrasion resistance con t Type II Intermediate abrasion resistance Type III Low abrasion resistance Application (Tolerance) PS for mortared applications or where tight tolerances not needed PX No mortar and tight tolerances PA Highly variable and textured units 72
Committee D8 on Roofing and Waterproofing Jason A. Aspin, RA Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. (WJE) 73
Committee D8 on Roofing and Waterproofing Scope: The promotion of knowledge, stimulation of research, and development of standards pertaining to materials and systems for roofing and waterproofing, for related building, industrial and agricultural uses. These activities shall be coordinated with those of other ASTM committees and national and international organizations having similar interests. 74
Committee D8 on Roofing and Waterproofing Commonly Used ASTM Roofing Standards Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Sheet Roofing (D4434) EPDM Sheet (D4637) Spray Applied Polyurethane Foam (D5469) SBS Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials (D6162/D6163/D6164) 75 Thermoplastic Polyolefin Based Sheet Roofing (D6878)
Committee D8 on Roofing and Waterproofing Commonly Used Standards D1079 Standard Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing C981 Standard Guide for Built-Up Bituminous Membrane Waterproofing Systems for Building Decks 76 D7186 Standard Practice for Quality Assurance Observation of Roof Construction and Repair
Committee D8 on Roofing and Waterproofing D1079 Standard Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing Scope: To coordinate terms commonly used in the roofing/waterproofing industry, but not already defined in typical dictionaries. 77
Committee D8 on Roofing and Waterproofing D1079 Standard Terminology Alligatoring: the cracking of the surfacing bitumen on a built-up roof, producing a pattern of cracks similar to an alligator s hide 78
Committee D8 on Roofing and Waterproofing D1079 Standard Terminology Picture framing: a rectangular patter of ridges in a membrane over insulation or deck joints. 79
Committee D8 on Roofing and Waterproofing D1079 Standard Terminology Selvage: an edge or edging which differs from the main part of (1) a fabric or (2) granule-surfaced roll roofing. 80
Committee D8 on Roofing and Waterproofing C981 Standard Guide for Built-Up Bituminous Membrane Waterproofing Systems for Building Decks Scope: This guide describes the design of fully adhered built-up bituminous membrane waterproofing systems for plaza deck and promenade construction over occupied spaces of buildings where covered by a separate wearing course. 81
C981 Standard Guide for Built-Up Bituminous Membrane Waterproofing Systems for Building Decks Committee D8 on Roofing and Waterproofing Plaza Subsystems 82
C981 Standard Guide for Built-Up Bituminous Membrane Waterproofing Systems for Building Decks Committee D8 on Roofing and Waterproofing Elevated or Water Shed Expansion Joints are Preferable 83
Committee D8 on Roofing and Waterproofing C981 Standard Guide for Built- Up Bituminous Membrane Waterproofing Systems for Building Decks Positive Seal 84
Committee D8 on Roofing and Waterproofing C981 Standard Guide for Built- Up Bituminous Membrane Waterproofing Systems for Building Decks Water Shed 85
Committee D8 on Roofing and Waterproofing D7186 Standard Practice for Quality Assurance Observation of Roof Construction and Repair Scope: This practice covers procedures for performing visual monitoring of roofing construction to (1) Establish guidelines for quality assurance observation practices and (2) Define the role and responsibilities of the quality assurance observer 86
Committee D8 on Roofing and Waterproofing 87 D7186 Standard Practice for Quality Assurance Observation of Roof Construction and Repair Site conditions Areas under construction Materials used Weather conditions Crew size Damage Surface preparation Installation of all components including fastener type and spacing or pattern
Committee D8 on Roofing and Waterproofing D7186 Standard Practice for Quality Assurance Observation of Roof Construction and Repair Report variances immediately 88
Committee D8 on Roofing and Waterproofing D7186 Standard Practice for Quality Assurance Observation of Roof Construction and Repair Reports shall be clear, concise and present an accurate, objective account of the project. Meeting Minutes: 5 days Daily Reports: prior to work the next day Variances: immediately 89
Thank You Committee D8 on Roofing and Waterproofing Jason A. Aspin, RA Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. (WJE) 90
Member Benefits Benefits of being an ASTM member Participation in development of ASTM Standards Networking Exposed to state of art information Ian Chin, Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. (WJE) 91
ASTM International Workshop for Local Architects, Engineers and Contractors Questions? Reception- Hospitality Suite 415 92