KILIFI COUNTY 2014 SHORT RAINS FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT REPORT

KILIFI COUNTY 2014 SHORT RAINS FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT REPORT A Joint Report by the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG) 1 the Kilifi County Steering Group February 1 Evelyn Wangari Ng ang a (National Drought Management Authority) Elizabeth Nabutola (UN-World Food Program) 1

Table of contents 1.0 Introduction... 3 1.1 County Background... 3 1.2 Current Factors Affecting Food Security... 3 2.0 County Food Security Situation... 3 2.1 Current Food Security Situation... 3 2.2 Food Security Trends... 4 2.3 Rainfall Performance... 4 2.4 Current Shocks Hazards... 4 3.0 Impact of Rainfall Perfomance, Shocks Hazards... 5 3.1 Crop Production... 5 3.2 Livestock production... 6 3.3 Water Sanitation... 8 3.4 Markets Trade... 9 3.5 Health Nutrition... 10 3.6 Education... 11 3.7 Coping Mechanisms... 12 3.8 Ongoing Interventions by Sector... 12 3.9 Sub-County Ranking... 14 4.0 Food Security Prognosis... 14 5.0 Conclusion Recommendations... 15 5.1 Conclusion... 15 6.0 Annexes... 16 2

1.0 Introduction 1.1 County Background 44% 2% 2% 2% 11% 14% 22% Figure 1: Population Distribution by livelihood Zone 3% Casual Labour Forest/Tourism Formal Employment Fishing Mangrove Cash Cropping/Dairy Food cropping Ranching Marginal Mixed Farming Kilifi County is one of the six counties in coast region. It borders Kwale County to the south west, Taita Taveta County to the west, Tana River County to the north, Mombasa County to the south Indian Ocean to the east. The county covers an area of approximately 12,609.7 square kilometres (kilometre 2 ) has a population of 1,109,735 according to the Kenya National Census 2009 Kilifi County has seven subcounties namely, Malindi (162,712), (177,241), Ganze (137,664), Rabai (113,622), Kaloleni (139,302), Kilifi South (171,607) Kilifi North (207,587). The county has four main livelihoods zones (Figure 1) including Marginal Mixed Farming (MMF) comprising 44 percent of the population, cash cropping/dairy (22 percent), Mixed Farming (11 percent) ranching (two percent). Other livelihood zones include fishing mangrove (three percent), formal employment (14 percent) forest /tourism casual labour (two percent each). 1.2 Current Factors Affecting Food Security The major factors affecting food security in the County was low performance of the tourism industry due to insecurity has reduced remittances for the rural households, new Castle Disease in poultry, poor post-harvest management practices high food commodity prices 2.0 County Food Security Situation 2.1 Current Food Security Situation The County food security classification is minimal (IPC Phase 1) in Cash Cropping, Dairy the Mixed Farming livelihood zones while Ranching Marginal Mixed Farming are in the stressed phase. In the month of December 2014, the Food Consumption Score (FCS) was 10, 26 64 percent for the poor, borderline acceptable categories respectively for nonbeneficiaries. The CSI (Coping Strategy Index) was 18 for December 2014 which was normal implying that the households were engaging in normal insurance coping strategies such as reduction in ration sizes number of meals to between one two compared to between two three normally. The CMR (Crude Mortality Rate) was 0.048/10,000/day which was normal for this time of the year. There were out-breaks of measles Rift Valley Fever although the situation was contained. Maize production was 32.4 percent lower than the long-term average. The available pasture browse is likely to last between two three months when normally it would last between two five months. Livestock are currently being watered on alternate days compared to daily normally. The distances to water sources for households are three kilometers compared to two kilometers normally, water consumption per person per day (PPPD) is 12 litres compared to 15 litres normally. The terms of trade are 8.7 percent worse than normal although the nutritional status of children currently is better than normal as it sts at 2.1 percent compared to 7.4 percent normally. 3

2.2 Food Security Trends The county was classified under the stressed phase of food insecurity in the 2014 long rains assessment. The Cash Cropping Dairy livelihood zone was classified in the minimal phase while the Marginal Mixed Farming, Mixed Farming Ranching livelihood zones were classified at the stressed phase. The current County food security classification is minimal (IPC Phase 1) in Cash Cropping, Dairy the Mixed Farming livelihood zones while Ranching Marginal Mixed Farming are in the stressed phase. The long rains performed well for the season resulted in over 90 percent recharge of surface water sources which was similar to the current short rains that resulted in 80 to 90 percent recharge of surface water sources with an exception of a few areas in the ranching marginal mixed farming zones with 40 percent recharge levels. Consequently, distances to water sources have maintained a stable trend of two kilometers recorded in August 2014 compared to three kilometers currently. The maize stocks available in the county were above average during the last assessment period which is similar to the current situation. The CSI was 13 in May 2014 compared to 18 in December 2014 but within seasonal ranges. The terms of trade improved by 69.5 percent as households could purchase 41.9 kilograms of maize with the sale of one goat in July compared to 71 kilograms in January 2014. Maize prices reduced by 26.8 percent from Ksh 46.3 in July 2014 to Ksh 33.9 currently. On the other h, goat prices improved by 24.1 percent as they stood at Ksh 2,408 currently compared to Ksh 1,941 last July. 2.3 Rainfall Performance The onset of short rains 2014 was in the first dekad of November in contrary to the expected first dekad of October. The amount of rainfall received in most areas was above normal at 90 140 percent of normal rains except in the northern tip which received 50 75 percent of normal rains, localized areas of Ganze Marafa received 200-350 percent of normal while Chonyi surroundings of Marafa received 140-200 as shown in Figure 2. Temporal distribution was poor but spatial distribution was fair across all livelihood zones. Cessation occurred in the second dekad of December which was slightly earlier than normal expected at the third dekad of December. Figure 2: Percent of normal rainfall, Kilifi County 2.4 Current Shocks Hazards The current shocks hazards affecting food security are poor temporal distribution of the rains, Insecurity terrorism, coupled with low water recharge levels in ranching marginal mixed farming zones. 4

3.0 Impact of Rainfall Performance, Shocks Hazards 3.1 Crop Production Introduction The short rain season in the county contributes only 40 percent of the total annual production. Majority of farmers in the hinterl (majorly the Ranching the Marginal Mixed Farming livelihood zones) consider the season as reliable while those in the Mixed Farming Cash Cropping Dairy livelihood zones consider the long rain season the most reliable. The three main commodities grown include maize, cassava cowpeas. Maize is the staple food for the county with most of the livelihood zones relying on it for food; the highest being 70 percent for food in the Marginal Mixed Farming livelihood zone. Cassava contributes at least 20 percent to food across most livelihood zones with approximately 30 percent contributed to cash income in the Marginal Mixed Farming livelihood zone. Cow peas contribute 10 percent to food in the Ranching Mixed Farming zones. a. Rain-fed (3 major crops) Table 1: Main crops grown Crop 3.Cowpeas 4419 7937 17638 28577 The acreage planted for maize, cassava cowpeas was 92.3, 76.6 55.7 percent of the longterm average. The decrease in acreage was attributed to the fact that most households did not engage in extensive farming during the season since food stocks from the long rains were still available. Production for the same crops was 67.6, 81.4 61.7 percent of the long-term average respectively. The reduction was mainly attributed to the low acreage utilized. b. Irrigated Area planted during 2014 Short rains season (Ha) Table 2: Irrigated crops Crop Area planted during 2014 Short rains season (Ha) Long Term Average area planted during the Short rains season (Ha) Long Term Average area planted during the Short rains season (Ha) 2014 Short rains season production (90 kg bags) Projected/Actual 1.Maize 20112 21800 146714 217000 2.Cassava 2068 2700 34098 41889 2014 Short rains season production (90 kg bags) Projected/Actual Long Term Average production during the Short rains season (90 kg bags) Long Term Average production during the Short rains season (90 kg bags) 1.Amaranthus 119 117 1499 744 2.Okra 28 20 172 140 3. Tomatoes 75 73 810 1030 4.Banana 30 20 1200 1000 The area planted under Amaranthus maintained a stable trend at two percent increase from the long term average as well as projected production is expected to increase by 101 percent from the 5

long term average. There was an increase of 40 percent on the acreage planted under Okra, consequently production is expected to increase by 23 percent above the long term average. The area planted under tomatoes increased by 50 percent as a result projected production is expected to increase by 20 percent from the long term average as illustrated in the table above. The above average production is attributed to farmers employed modern technologies such as fertility trenches to increase production. Maize stocks Table 3: Available maize stocks versus long-term average Maize stocks held by Quantities of maize held (90-kg bags) Long Term Average quantities held (90- kg bags) at similar time of the year House Holds 249443 200986 Traders 102205 118770 Millers 150 650 NCPB 15235 6000 Total 367033 326406 The stocks held at household were at 112 percent of the long term average attributed to carryover stock from the previous rainy season which performed well. Traders held lower than normal stocks at 14 percent attributed to low dem for maize at household level. On the other h, NCPB held higher than normal stocks at 154 percent above the long term average in anticipation of increased dem for the commodity as the production was at 67.6 of the long term average. Stocks in the mixed farming were likely to last for at least three months while in the Marginal Mixed Farming Ranching livelihood zones they are likely to last 1.5 one month respectively. The reduced acreage in the Cash Cropping/ Dairy zone resulted in lowered production of maize likely to last at least two months. Normally, maize stocks would last three months in the Mixed Cash Cropping /Dairy zones two months in the Ranching Marginal Mixed Farming zones respectively. 3.2 Livestock production Introduction Livestock contribute significantly to cash food income in the county. Livestock production contributes 75 percent 15 percent in the Ranching Cash Cropping/Dairy livelihood zones respectively. It also contributes 30 percent in both the Marginal Mixed Farming Mixed Farming livelihood zones. The main species kept include cattle, goats, poultry sheep. In the ranching zone, goats, chicken cattle contribute 50 percent, 15 percent, 20 percent respectively to food, while in the Mixed Farming zones; they contribute eight percent, two percent, three percent to food respectively. Pasture browse The pasture condition was generally fair across the county. In localized areas of the Ranching Marginal Mixed Farming livelihood zones that received 50-75 percent of the normal rainfall, pasture condition was fair while in the Cash Cropping Dairy Mixed Farming zones, the pasture quality quantity was good which was normal for this time of the year. However, a few areas in the latter livelihood zones such as, Lango Baya, Kaloleni Ganze subcounties had pasture that ranged between poor fair due to depressed rainfall. The trend is likely to deteriorate as the dry spell persists till the onset of the long rains season. The forage is 6

likely to last for two months in the Ranching Marginal Mixed Farming zones compared to three months normally between two three months in the other zones compared to four to five months normally. Livestock Productivity Livestock body condition Cattle are in a fair body condition across all livelihood zones as pasture water are still available. Sheep goats are in a good condition across all zones due to good availability of browse. The trend is likely to remain so for a period of two to three months. The prices for livestock are likely to remain stable cushion households in the Ranching Marginal Mixed Farming zones whose short rain season crop failed. Birth rates for all species are normal across all livelihood zones. Milk availability Milk availability varied across the livelihood zones. Milk production was one to three litres per day which was normal for this period of the year in the Ranching, Marginal Mixed Farming Mixed Farming zones. In the Cash Cropping Dairy livelihood zone, production was between three to five liters per day compared to a normal of five liters per day. Milk consumption Milk consumption was between one to two litres per household which was normal for this time of the year. Approximately 42 percent of the milk produced in the county was consumed at household level. Milk prices ranged from Ksh. 40 to 50 per litre in the Ranching zone Ksh. 40 to 60 per liter in the Mixed Farming Marginal Mixed Farming zones which is normal for this period of the year. Tropical livestock units (Tropical Livestock Units) The average TLU for low, middle high income households was 2-3, 5-10, above 20 respectively. The herd size remained stable as there were no mass livestock sales for food neither were there significant mortalities which is normal at this period of the year. Water for Livestock The main sources of water for livestock include water pans, piped water/ tapped water, boreholes rivers which are the normal sources at this time of the year. Some major water pans still hold water which are used by livestock. The recharge was approximately 40%. The available water majorly from the recharge during the long rains may last until end of February. The return trekking distance from grazing areas to watering points is one to three kilometers in the Cash Cropping Dairy Mixed Farming zones which is normal. In the Marginal Mixed Farming Ranching zones, the trekking distances are between three to five kilometers compared to one to three kilometers normally. The watering frequency for livestock was five to seven times per week although normally they would be watered daily. No livestock migrations have occurred in the county. There are usual livestock movements in search of pasture water which are normal during the period of the year. Livestock Diseases Mortalities There was a Foot Mouth Disease (FMD) out-break in Galena ranch in Malindi sub-county that led to a quarantine in the area. Vaccinations were carried out in the sub-county to contain the disease. In Kaloleni sub-county, cases of Contagious Caprine Pleuro Pneumonia (CCPP) were 7

reported. livelihood zones also reported New Castle Disease (NCD) outbreak that resulted in high mortality in poultry impacting negatively on food security especially for the low income households. Routine disease surveillance was on-going to ensure early detection of disease outbreaks. However, other livestock species have not reported any unusual mortality. 3.3 Water Sanitation Introduction Major water sources The major water sources for domestic livestock use in the county include pipelines, rivers, pans boreholes which are normal for this time of the year. In parts of, Ganze Kaloleni sub-counties where pans are the main source of water, recharge was below 40 percent. In other areas, the recharge was near normal. Areas with low water points concentrations include Gongoni, Marereni, Adu, Lango Baya, Kayafungo, Midoina Goshi since distances to water sources have increased due to drying up of sources. The Cash Cropping Dairy some parts of the Mixed Farming livelihood zones are served by a pipeline whose water supply is continuous although with operational breaks, a situation that is normal for this time of the year. The Marginal Mixed Farming Ranching zones are majorly served by water pans a few seasonal rivers whose current capacities are likely to last one month although normally they would last three months. Distance to water sources The current distance to water sources for domestic consumption is three kilometre compared to two kilometre normally. The least distance was recorded in the Cash Cropping Dairy livelihood zone at one kilometre while the Mixed Farming, Ranching Marginal Mixed Farming recorded two kilometre, four kilometre three kilometre respectively. Waiting time at the source The average current waiting time at the source for the county is 20 minutes compared to 12 minutes normally. In the cash cropping dairy livelihood zone, the waiting time was approximately five minutes, 10 minutes in both the Mixed Farming Marginal Mixed Farming livelihood zones 30 minutes in the ranching zone. The increased waiting time compared to normal is due to households flocking to boreholes, water kiosks trucking points which are likely to have led to reduced water consumption at household level. Cost of water The cost of water per 20-litre jerry can is Ksh 10 compared to Kshs five normally. It cost Kshs 20 in both the Ranching Marginal Mixed Farming livelihood zones Kshs five in both the Mixed Farming (except in Gongoni, Marereni, Mryachakwe Mrima wa Ndege where costs were Kshs 15-20) Cash Cropping Dairy livelihood zones. The cost of water is higher than normal due to the reduced availability of water which implied that there could be a reduction of water for normal household use which is likely to compromise hygiene stards. Water consumption The county s current water consumption at household level was 12 litres per person per day (pppd) compared to 15 litres normally having reduced by 20 percent. Water consumption was highest in the Cash Cropping Dairy livelihood zone at 20 litres pppd least in the Ranching Marginal Mixed Farming zones at 10 litres pppd. The Mixed Farming livelihood 8

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Price (Ksh. / kg) zone recorded 15 litres pppd (except in Marereni, Kanagoni, Fundisa, Mrima wa Ndege, Mryachakwe where consumption was 8 litres pppd. The reduced water consumption in the county had negative implications on household hygiene stards as less water was available for household chores compared to normal. Sanitation hygiene The water quality in the county is generally good except in areas where underground water is contaminated by septic tanks salt farms in some parts of the mixed farming livelihood zone (Gongoni in sub-county.) Water treatment chemicals are available at household level which is normal although they are largely not acceptable because of the smell taste. Therefore most households that rely on water pans do not treat their water before usage boiling is also not done before drinking. The latrine coverage in the county is 52 percent although Ganze sub-counties reported pit latrine coverage of approximately 18 percent. 3.4 Markets Trade Market operations The main markets for livestock include Bamba, Guru Guru, Mariakani, Kanagoni Kayafungo while those for food include Kilifi, Mtwapa, Mariakani, Malindi Gongoni. Market functions have remained stable in the county likely to remain so for the next 6 months. Market supply the volumes traded also remained the same with the main food commodities being traded include maize, omena, cassava, green grams amaranthus. The main commodities purchased by the community include maize fluor, oil sugar which is normal. The county is a net importer of most commonly utilized food commodities from Mombasa Taita Taveta counties. Cattle, goats chicken are the main livestock species traded in the market although middlemen contribute to decreased prices. Approximately 80 percent of the population in the Marginal Mixed Farming Ranching livelihood zones are currently largely relying on markets when normally they would be obtaining food from their own production from the short rain season. Reliance on markets is likely to increase in the next three months across the county as those in the Mixed Farming Cash Cropping Dairy Mixed Farming deplete their stocks join those already purchasing food in the Ranching Marginal Mixed Farming zones. Market Prices Maize price Average (2010-2014) 2013 2014 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Figure 3: Maize prices in Kilifi County The price of a kilogram of maize in January was Ksh. 33.30 lower than the five-year average 2010-2014 by 8.9 of Ksh. 36.50 percent as illustrated in Figure 3. The mixed farming ranching livelihood zones recorded prices of Ksh. 32 Ksh. 50 respectively. The decrease in price was largely attributed to the fact that households still held some stocks therefore there was low dem for the commodity. Maize prices are expected to remain stable in the next three months. 9

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Kilograms of maize exchanged for a goat Price (Ksh.) Goat price A medium-sized three-year-old goat was trading at Kshs 2,408 in January up by 21.6 percent compared to the five-year average 2010-2014. (Figure 4) The increase in price was attributed to the good body condition of goats due to availability of browse. The ranching livelihood zone posted the lowest price at Kshs 2,502 while the mixed farming one posted the highest price at Kshs 2,973. Prices are likely to remain stable in the next three months as goat s body condition is projected to remain good since the browse situation was likely to remain favorable. Terms of trade Average (2010-2014) 2013 2014 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep OctNovDec Figure 4: Goat prices in Kilifi County Average (2010-2014) 2013 2014 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 The terms of trade were 31.5 percent better than normal as households could purchase 71 kilograms of maize currently compared to 54 kilograms in the 2010-2014 five-year average. (Figure 5) The terms of trade are likely to remain constant as the prices of both maize goats are projected to remain constant in the next three months. Figure 5: Terms of trade in Kilifi County 3.5 Health Nutrition Morbidity mortality patterns The most common diseases from July to December 2014 for the under-fives include URTI (Upper Respiratory Tract Infections), diseases of the skin, confirmed malaria, diarrhoea pneumonia. For the general population, they included URTI, confirmed malaria, urinary tract infections, rheumatism diarrhoea. There was a marked increase in cases of malaria attributed to the short rains that saw the sprouting of bushes ideal for mosquito breeding. Typhoid cases also increased during the same period which could be attributed to low latrine coverage, continued use of untreated water from surface water sources such as pans. Four cases of measles were confirmed in Kiwani in Kilifi town 300 children were vaccinated in a mop-up activity to prevent the disease from spreading. There was a confirmed case of Rift Valley Fever in Ramada in Malindi sub-county who was suspected to have come from Lamu County but the disease was contained. The CMR was 0.048/10,000/day which is below World Health Organisation (WHO) alert levels of one death per 10,000 persons per day. 10

'at risk' (MUAC<135mm) Immunization Vitamin A supplementation The coverage for the fully immunized child increased between July to December 2014 to 77 percent compared to 72.1 percent for the same period in 2013. The percentage was however, below the recommended national target of 80 percent. Vitamin A supplementation coverage for children aged below one year was 58 percent compared to 73 percent during the same period in 2013. An increase was recorded in Vitamin A supplementation for children aged between one to five years in 2014 to 36 percent compared to 22 percent in 2013 for the same period. The coverage was below the national target of 80 percent mainly because children in this age bracket stop attending child welfare clinics after completion of the routine vaccination due to inconsistent out-reaches services. Nutrition Status Dietary Diversity Most households were consuming one to two meals per day across all livelihood zones. However, in some areas of the Ranching Marginal Mixed Farming livelihood zones, households were consuming one meal per day. The meals comprised largely cereals, pulses vegetables.children aged below five years were fed three to four meals a day that was either breast milk or porridge. The proportion of children at risk was lower by 41.9 percent in January at 4.3 percent compared to 7.4 percent in the 2010-2014 five-year average. (Figure 6) Average (2010-2014) 2013 2014 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct NovDec 3.6 Education Figure 6: Percentage at risk of malnutrition Enrolment A total of 23,525 boys 20,241 girls were enrolled to Early Childhood Development (ECD) in term one (January, ) compared to 20,241 boys 19,685 girls enrolled in term three (December, 2014) the slight increase in enrolment is attributed to in migration from neighbouring counties. Transition to stard one is 100 percent, mainly because of the Home Grown School Meals Progamme (HGSMP) where children are assured of a meal in school. In primary schools in term three, the enrolment for boys was 120,814 119,787 for girls totaling to 240,601. In general, boys enrolment was higher than that of girls. However, in Ganze sub-county in the Mixed Farming Marginal Mixed farming livelihood zones the enrolment for both boys girls dropped significantly in term two 2014 from 30,607 boys 31,203 girls to 15,602 16,179 respectively. Drop out The dropout rates in primary schools significantly decreased in terms one two 2014 in comparison to term three 2013. In term two 2013, 167 boys 197 girls dropped out of school. The highest drop-out was in Ganze sub-county attributed to lack of HGSMP in most of the schools. In general, advanced age due to late enrolment in school, poor school performance, lack of sanitary towels for girls, early marriage pregnancy among girls was the main reason for drop out. 11

Transition Transition from Early Childhood Development (ECD) to primary in 2013/2014 was at 65 percent. The reasons given for children not proceeding to primary school include long distances to primary schools, parents negative attitude towards education insecurity due to wild animals in the Ranching zone. Transition from primary to secondary schools in 2013 was low due to poor academic performance, parents negative attitude towards education lack of fees. School meals programme A total of 134 out of 509 schools are under Home Grown School Meals Program (HGSMP). The program is being implemented in, Malindi Kaloleni sub counties benefiting a total of 62,564 pupils (30,992 boys, 31,572 girls). In Ganze sub-county only nine schools are on HGSMP out of a total of 123 schools in the county, in in the Marginal Mixed Farming Ranching livelihood zones only 12,310 children out of 64,477 benefit from HGSMP yet the food stress is highest in these areas. Reasons why children on HGSMP miss their meals include late disbursement of funds to schools, withdrawal of children from school to engage in casual labour coupled with illness. 3.7 Coping Mechanisms The current coping strategy index for December 2014 is 18 compared to 15 recorded in 2013. Although the index is normal for this time of the year, it depicts an unstable trend as it was 20 13 in May 2014 September respectively. Normal insurance coping strategies are being employed that include: reduction of the number of meals consumed reduced ration sizes. 3.8 Ongoing Interventions by Sector Non- food interventions Intervention Objective Location Activity target Cost No. of benefic iaries Implementatio n stakeholders Implementation Time Frame Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition (IMAM) High impact nutrition interventions Food by prescription to PLWAs Nutrition surveillance IYCN Mother to Mother support groups Reduced morbidity mortality among under 5 years Reduced morbidity mortality among under 5 years Reduced morbidity mortality among PLWs Timely intervention in correction of malnutrition Improve health feeding practices Health facilities 27 health facilities CCC sites Health Children under 5years Children under 5 years Pregnant Lactating women under 5 years 75faciliti es Pregnant lactating women under 5 years Locatio ns Locatio ns under 5 years PLW 30/facil ity UNICEF, MOH, WFP, Red Cross, UNICEF, MoH WFP MoH, AMREF, USAID MOH, Red Cross, UNICEF, NDMA MoH, UNICEF, Plan, WVI, KRC Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing 12

Vaccination of livestock Construction of cattle dips vaccination crushes Construction of sales yards for livestock Promotion of Drought Tolerant crops Excavation of water pans Drip irrigation community savings Rep air of pumping equipment Pipeline extension Construction of water pans storage HGSMP Construction of 24 classrooms Sensitization of parents on importance of education School fees subsidy Prevention control of diseases Disease control prevention Improve access to markets Increase food availability security Improved food security Increased income for purchase of food farm inputs Increased access to safe water Reduce trekking distance to water Increase surface rain water storage Improve health nutrition Reduce walking distances Increased awareness on importance of education Increase transition rates livestock subcounties 2 wards per sub-county Kayafungo Langobaya Kanagoni Bamba Kilifi North Kilifi South Chonyi Ganze Jaribuni Vitengen i, Ganze Malindi, Kilifi Rabai, Kaloleni Malindi, Kaloleni Selected ECD Pri. schools Ganze livestock farmers livestock farmers in target area Livestock 3.1M livestock farmers 14M 13M livestock farmers livestock farmers Agriculture Farmers - farming hhlds 10M County Govt 2014 - County Govt. 2014- County Govt 2014- MoA, Cast, KARI, County Government,W VI, KRC Lions Club of Mombasa Farmers 7M 9,450 Plan International Water hhlds 20M 40,000 National County Government hhlds 140M 50,000 County Government, WSTF hhlds 200M 60,000 WVI, KRC, County government, CWSB Schools under HGSMP Schoolgoing children Education 27.9 M MoE, County Government World Vision MoEST MOPHS Parents 3M World Vision MoEST 1M World Vision MoEST 2014-2014- 2014- subcounties July- December 2014/ 2014/ 13

3.9 Sub-County Ranking Sub County food security ranking (worst to best) Sub County Food security rank (1-10- worst to best) Main food security threat (if any) 1 High crop failures- about 90 percent, Poor health nutrition status, drop in casual labour opportunities, low latrine coverage 18 percent. Ganze 2 About 80 percent crop failure, poor health nutrition status, limited casual labour opportunities, low latrine coverage 10 percent. Kaloleni 3 Crop failure, poor health nutrition status, limited casual labour opportunities Malindi 4 Crop failure, low livestock holdings, poor health nutrition status Remarks Sabaki ward, Ngomeni,Gongoni,Adu Bamba, Sokoke, Jaribuni Mariakani, Mwanamwinga Jilore, Langobaya Kilifi North 5 Low casual labour opportunities Kibarani (Konjora) Kilifi South 6 Low casual labour opportunities, Kaliang ombe Rabai 7 Low casual labour opportunities, poor Mtepeni health nutrition status Very Good (9-10) Good (7-8) Fair (5-6) Poor (3-4) Very Poor (<2) 4.0 Food Security Prognosis 4.1 Prognosis Assumptions It is expected that the long rains will be timely, range between normal to near normal have typical spatial temporal distribution. Pasture browse are likely to deteriorate in quality quantity due to early cessation of the short rains, the likely higher-than-normal temperatures until the onset of the rain when rejuvenation is expected to begin. Reliance on markets will increase as households deplete their existing stocks food purchases rise. Maize prices are likely to remain stable since the high supply of the commodity from outside the county will continue as households deplete their stocks. 4.2 Food Security Outcomes for March, April May Food insecurity is likely to remain at the minimal phase until April when food stocks at household level will have been depleted. However, the price of maize, the county s staple food is likely to remain stable lower than normal which will also coincide with the start of the long rains season. With the start of the long rains, casual labour will be available from l preparation planting as households are expected to put in more effort during the long rain season in compensation for the short rain season s crop failure. Harvests from the season are expected to be good as the rains are expected to be normal. Early maturing crops will also be ready in April their sale in combination with income from casual labour is likely to support market purchases. The nutritional status of children is expected to improve so is household food consumption as food becomes more accessible available through May. The mortality is likely to remain within seasonal norms. 14

4.3Food Security Outcomes for June, July August The food security situation is expected to improve through to July when harvesting will be ongoing for the long rain season crop. With the harvest, more of both short-cycle long-cycle crops will become available improving both household access availability to food. Therefore, less income will be spent on food as food prices will fall allowing for expenditure on other essential services such as health, education transport needs such as shelter clothing. Consequently, there will be improvements in household food consumption a decrease in the proportion of malnourished children aged below five years will be noted. Mortality rates are expected to remain within seasonal norms. The county is therefore likely to remain in the minimal food insecurity phase (phase 1). 5.0 Conclusion Recommendations 5.1 Conclusion The county is classified at minimal food insecurity (phase 1), a situation that will persist until the next season. However, the Ranching Marginal Mixed Farming livelihood zones are classified in the stressed phase (phase 2) are likely to remain in the same phase if the performance of the long rains is below normal. Monitoring efforts should target food prices, incidences of notifiable diseases in humans livestock, rangel conditions water availability. Interventions in water should target to exp existing water points to make larger sources as the assessment has shown that the latter hold water for longer periods. Those in livestock should target local poultry vaccinations as New Castle Disease cause huge poultry mortalities that compromised the food security for households in the lower income earners category. In the education sector, emphasis should be on the increase in the number of schools in the HGSMP especially in Ganze sub-counties which are water food-stressed yet have few schools in the program. In the health sector, additional efforts need to be made to increase the pit latrine coverage that compromises sanitation in the county. 5.2 Summary of Recommendations Provision of fertilizer Capacity building on kitchen gardens Promotion of drought tolerant crops; cassava, green gams, cow/pigeon peas Fodder pasture conservation Vaccination of livestock to target local poultry goats Construction of cattle dip vaccination crushes Increase schools under HGSMP employment of ECD teachers Expansion of existing pipelines provision of water storage tanks Excavation, expansion, de-silting of pans provision of domestic water treatment chemicals Supplementary Feeding Program (SFP)/Out-patient Therapeutic Program (OTP) Vitamin A supplementation deworming Train more Community Health Workers (CHWs) on Infant Young Child Feeding (IYCF) formation of mother to mother support groups Improve latrine coverage 15

6.0 Annexes Annex 1. Food Intervention Required Percentage of population in need of food aid Division/ward Population in the division 177,241 15-17 Ganze 137,664 24-26 Kaloleni 139,302 10-12 Malindi 162,712 7-9 Kilifi N. 207,587 0-2 Rabai 113,622 0-1 Kilifi S. 171,607 0-1 Pop in need ( % range min max ) Proposed mode of intervention CFA CFA CFA CFA CFA CFA CFA Remarks Sabaki (Ngomeni), Adu Bamba,Jaribuni, Bamba Mariakani, Mwanamwinga Jilore, Langobaya Kibarani Kaliang ombe Mtepeni Annex II: Non-food Interventions Sub County subcounties county Intervention Location No. of beneficiarie s Provision fertiliser of Capacity building on kitchen gardens Promotion of production of drought tolerant crops wards 3500 farmers wards 700 farm families Proposed Implementer s Agriculture Dept. of Agriculture, County Gvt. Dept. of Agriculture, County Gvt. - Stakeholders Required Resource s (KShs.) Available Resources Time Frame 10M Staff, Vehicles 2014-7 M Staff 2014-5M L, Farmers, Skilled extension officers subcounties 2014- Livestock subcounties Fodder 40,000 County 2M 0.5million 2014- pasture Government conservation subcounties Vaccination of livestock County 7M 6.3 million 2014- livestock to farmers Government target local poultry goats Construction 2 wards livestock County 14 M Vehicles, 2014-16

Ganze Malindi Malindi Malindi Malindi of cattle dip vaccination crushes Increase schools under HGSMP Employment of ECD Teachers Provision of water storage tanks Expansion of existing pipelines Excavation, Expansion & desilting of pans Water trucking, Fuel subsidy maintenance of borehole equipment Domestic water treatment chemicals, monitoring of pan water quality farmers Government technical staff Education MoEST, NDMA, Red Cross, WFP, World Vision ECDs County Government Ganze 20 schools Stakeholders Malindi Malindi Malindi Malindi SFP/OTP health facilities Bahari Ganze VIT A supplementati on deworming Train more CHWs on IYCF, mother to mother support health facilities Bamba, Vitengeni, Bahari Water 100,000 County Government, Partners 40,000 National Government, County Government, Partners 40,000 County Government, Partners 100,000 County Government, Development partners children under 5 years children 6-59 months Health MoH, UNICEF,WF P 400 Plan International, World Vision, MoH 143M 5M 200M 100M 6M 10M Firewood, Parents, Teachers Teachers,School s Vehicles, skilled labour, Teachers,Parent s Technical personnel Technical personnel Water bowsers, Personnel Technical personnel per subcounty 2014- subcounties subcounties 2014- subcounties 2014-1 year 1 year 4 months 1year 30M Technical staff July- Decembe r MOH 2M Technical staff July to Decembe r 4M Technical staff - 2016 17