/ TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT Lehrstuhl für Virtuelle Produktentwicklung KAISERSLAUTERN Prof. Dr.-lng. Martin Eigner Fabrice Mogo Nem Engineering Networks Holistic approach for multidiscipiinary Product Lifecycle Management Schriftenreihe VPE Band 9 Herausgeber: Prof. Dr.-lng. Martin Eigner
Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Problem Statement, 4 1.2.1 Product-data-related problems 5 1.2.2 Process-related problems 6 1.2.3 IT-System related problems 7 1.3 Contributions and Goals 7 1.4 Structure of this work 9 2 Preliminaries and State of the Art 11 2.1 Introducing product lifecycle 11 2.2 Product Engineering in mutation 13 2.2.1 Mechatronics 13 2.2.2 Increasing product complexity 17 2.2.3 Increasing process complexity 18 2.2.4 Illustrating scenario 19 2.3 Product Lifecycle Management 21 2.3.1 Benefits of applying PLM 21 2.3.2 IT-Systems involved in a PLM-Solution 21 2.3.3 PLM also for Small-&Medium-Sized Enterprises 22 2.4 Fundamentals of data modeling 25 2.5 Product Data Management 26 2.5.1 Product and Document Structures 26 2.5.2 Product Family and Variant Management 28 2.6 Product Configuration Management 31 2.6.1 Configuration Management in general 31 2.6.2 Software Configuration Management 33 2.7 Business Process Management 34 2.7.1 Terminologies around BPM 35 iii
iv Contents 2.7.2 Benefits of BPM 38 2.7.3 Business processes in context of PLM 39 2.7.4 Engineering Processes and Engineering Workflows 41 2.7.5 Modeling Business Processes 42 2.7.6 Dealing with Process Variability 45 2.7.7 Dealing with Process Flexibility 51 2.8 Multidisciplinary product lifecycle management 56 2.8.1 Standard for the exchange of product data (STEP) 56 2.8.2 Leveraging the standard STEP 58 2.8.3 Product Ontologies 59 2.9 Summary 60 3 Requirements Analysis 65 3.1 Supporting scenarios 65 3.1.1 Scenario 1: Mechatronic product engineering 65 3.1.2 Scenario 2; Product and Engineering processes 69 3.2 Requirement specification 73 3.3 Summary 75 4 Customization of PDM-Systems 77 4.1 PDM-Systems at the heart of PLM-Solutions 77 4.1.1 Functionalities in PLM-Solutions 77 4.1.2 Architecture concepts for PLM-Solutions 78 4.1.3 Architecture for multidisciplinary PLM-Solutions 80 4.2 Customization of PDM-Systems 81 4.2.1 When a PDM-System becomes a product 81 4.2.2 Some scenarios for customizing PDM-Systems 84 4.2.3 Discussion and Targets 87 4.3 Leveraging Product Line Engineering 88 4.3.1 Introducing Product Line Engineering 89 4.3.2 Benefits and difficulties applying PLE 91 4.4 Holistic approach using Engineering Networks 92 4.4.1 PDM-System architecture 93 4.4.2 Vision in Engineering Networks 94 4.5 Summary 95 5 Conceptual foundation of Engineering Networks 97 5.1 Introduction 97
Contents v 5.2 The concept of Engineering Object 98 5.2.1 Theoretical foundation 98 5.2.2 Distinction from theoretical foundation 99 5.3 Properties of Engineering Objects 99 5.4 View-based data modeling in EN 101 5.4.1 The notion of Views on product data 101 5.4.2 The notion of View of Engineering Objects 103 5.4.3 Views of Engineering Objects and Properties 105 5.4.4 Views of Engineering Objects and Relationships 106 5.4.5 Types of Relationships between Engineering Objects 108 5.5 Organization Structure and Access Control 112 5.5.1 Modeling organization structures 112 5.5.2 Access control using Viewpoints 113 5.6 Lifecycle evolution in Engineering Networks 114 5.6.1 Introducing object lifecycle modeling 115 5.6.2 Issues when considering lifecycle models of EOs 116 5.6.3 Approaches for synchronizing object lifecycle models 119 5.6.4 Lifecycle Synchronization in EN 122 5.7 Process modeling philosophy in EN 124 5.7.1 Basic modeling elements for Engineering Processes 124 5.7.2 Specializations of basic modeling elements 126 5.7.3 Engineering Processes and Lifecycle Models 131 5.8 Supporting Engineering Process Variability 132 5.8.1 Solution overview 132 5.8.2 Modeling process families 134 5.8.3 Definition of parameters and configuration rules 137 5.8.4 Process configuration 139 5.8.5 Discussion 139 5.9 Holistic change management support in EN 140 5.9.1 Version Management 140 5.9.2 Change management for Engineering Objects 142 5.9.3 Change management for Engineering Processes 143 5.10 Summary and Related approaches 146 6 Metamodel for Engineering Networks 149 6.1 Introduction 149 6.1.1 The ENObjectModel metamodel 150 6.1.2 The ENCore metamodel 151
vi Contents 6.1.3 The ENRelationships metamodel 154 6.1.4 The ENProcess metamodel 155 6.1.5 The ENLifecycle metamodel 156 6.1.6 The ENExpression metamodel 157 6.2 Summary 158 7 Implementation and Validation 159 7.1 Prototypical Implementation 159 7.1.1 Architecture of the prototype 159 7.1.2 Some preliminary screen-shots of the prototype 161 7.2 Description of validation scenarios 162 7.2.1 The vehicle overhead console 162 7.2.2 Product-related data of the overhead console 163 7.2.3 Process-related data of the overhead console 165 7.3 Validation 170 7.3.1 Definition of an organization structure 170 7.3.2 Definition of a mechatronic product data model 171 7.3.3 Definition of lifecycle models 176 7.3.4 Definition of variant-rich engineering processes 176 7.3.5 Instantiation of the product data model 178 7.4 Summary 180 8 Summary and Outlook 181 8.1 Summary 181 8.2 Outlook 183 List of Figures 185 Nomenclature 189 Bibliography 193