Annul Sttisticl Report on the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm, 2001 Socil Security Administrtion Office of Policy Office of Reserch, Evlution, nd Sttistics
Highlights 2001 Size nd Scope of the Socil Security Disility Progrm Disility enefits were pid to out 6.2 million people. Awrds to disled workers (661,900) represented out 90 percent of wrds to ll disled eneficiries (732,700). Pyments to disled workers nd their dependents totled out $60 illion. Benefits were terminted for out 459,000 disled workers. Profile of Disled-Worker Beneficiries Workers ccounted for the lrgest shre of disled eneficiries (85 percent). Averge ge ws out 51. Men represented out 56 percent. Mentl disorders ws the dignosis for third. Averge monthly enefit received ws $814. Supplementl Security Income pyments were nother source of income for out 1 out of 7.
Prefce Since 1956, the Socil Security progrm hs provided csh enefits to people with disilities. This nnul report provides progrm nd demogrphic informtion on the people who receive those enefits. The sic topics covered re: Beneficiries in current pyment sttus; Benefits wrded, withheld, nd terminted; Geogrphic distriution of eneficiries; Socil Security eneficiries who lso receive Supplementl Security Income; nd Income of disled eneficiries. Our first edition presented series of detiled tles on the three ctegories of disled eneficiries workers, widow(er)s, nd dult children. In this second edition, we hve rodened our scope to include dt on disled-worker fmilies. In ddition, the cross-progrm tles now provide n unduplicted totl of disled Socil Security eneficiries who lso receive Supplementl Security Income pyments, nd they include distriution y stte. The tles on disility termintions hve een improved nd now reflect the use of technique tht permits distriutions y reson for termintions, including medicl improvement nd work. Finlly, some of lst yer s tles on rce hve een replced with tles using dt from the Survey of Income nd Progrm Prticiption (SIPP). The rce nd ethnicity dt ville through the SIPP re self-reported nd re sed on newer, discrete clssifiction scheme. Most of the dt re from the Socil Security Administrtion's (SSA's) progrm records. Informtion on the income of disled eneficiries ws otined from the 1996 SIPP pnel. The SIPP dt were linked to informtion from SSA's Decemer 1999 progrm records. In future editions, we pln to dd more informtion out outcomes of disility pplicnts, disled eneficiries who work, reinsttement of enefits, workers' compenstion nd pulic disility enefit offset, nd continuing disility reviews. Cece Chin compiled this report for puliction. Cece Chin, Pul Dvies, Crolyn A. Hrrison, Thuy Ho, Art Khn, Meliss Koenig, Clrk Pickett, nd Mtt Rssette wrote the progrms to process the dt nd produce the sttisticl tles. Lind Mrtin mnged the project, wrote dt specifictions, nd vlidted the dt. Emil Loomis designed the cover, nd Celine Houget nd Lurie Brown edited the report. Lurie Brown prepred the electronic versions for the We. Your comments nd suggestions on this report re welcome nd should e directed to Cece t 410-965-5366 or cece.chin@ss.gov. For questions relted to the content of the tles, plese cll the contct listed on ech tle. For dditionl copies of the report, plese telephone 202-358-6274 or e-mil ores.pulictions@ss.gov. This nd other pulictions on the Socil Security nd Supplementl Security Income progrms re ville on our We site t www.ss.gov/policy. Susn Grd Acting Associte Commissioner for Reserch, Evlution, nd Sttistics Septemer 2002
Notes The Old-Age nd Survivors Insurnce (OASI) progrm provides enefits to retired workers nd their dependent fmily memers nd to survivors of decesed workers. The Disility Insurnce (DI) progrm provides enefits to disled workers, their spouses, nd children (whether or not disled). Benefits re pid from the OASI nd DI trust funds. However, not ll disled eneficiries re pid from the DI trust fund. All disled widow(er)s' nd most disled dult children's enefits re pid from the OASI trust fund. Persons receiving disility enefits from either trust fund re referred to in this report s Socil Security eneficiries. Numers presented in these tles my differ slightly from other pulished sttistics ecuse most tles re sed on 100 percent dt files. Tles giving dt on wrds nd termintions re sed on 1 percent file for clendr yer 2001. In ddition, the definition of n wrd now includes secondry enefit wrds, closed periods of disility, susequent periods of disility, nd conversions from one clss of child s enefit to nother nd excludes reinstted enefits. These chnges resulted in slight increse in the numer of wrds for 2001 compred with erlier yers. All yers re clendr yers unless otherwise specified.
Contents Bckground...1 History of the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm...1 Definition of Disility...3 Types of Benefits Aville...3 Initil Disility Decisionmking Process...4 Appels Process...5 Benefit Clcultions...5 Benefits Offset nd Withheld...7 Work Incentives...7 Benefit Termintion...8 Chrts 1. All Socil Security disled eneficiries in current pyment sttus, Decemer 2001...13 2. All Socil Security disled eneficiries in current pyment sttus, 1970 2001...14 3. Disled eneficiries ged 18 64 in current pyment sttus s percentge of stte popultion, Decemer 2001...15 4. Age of disled-worker eneficiries in current pyment sttus, y sex, Decemer 2001...16 5. Averge monthly enefit of those in current pyment sttus, y sex, Decemer 2001...17 6. Disled eneficiries in current pyment sttus, y selected dignostic groups, Decemer 2001...18 7. Socil Security disility wrds, 1980 2001...19 8. Averge monthly enefit wrds, y sex, 2001...20 9. Disled-worker wrds, y selected dignostic groups, 2001...21 10. Socil Security nd SSI eneficiries receiving enefits on the sis of disility, Decemer 2001...22 11. Eductionl level of disled-worker eneficiries, Decemer 1999...23 12. Sources of disled-worker fmily income, Decemer 1999...24 Tles Beneficiries in Current Pyment Sttus All Disled Beneficiries 1. Numer, verge, nd totl monthly enefits, Decemer 1960 2001...27 2. Numer nd verge monthly enefit, y ge nd sex, Decemer 2001...28 3. Distriution, y sex nd monthly enefit, Decemer 2001...29 4. Distriution, y dignostic group nd sex, Decemer 2001...31 5. Averge monthly enefit, y dignostic group nd sex, Decemer 2001...33 6. Representtive pyment, y type of pyee, Decemer 2001...35 7. Representtive pyment, y dignostic group nd sex, Decemer 2001...36
8. Numer ged 18 64 s percentge of resident popultion, y stte, Decemer 2001...38 9. Distriution, y stte or other re, Decemer 2001...40 10. Numer, y dignostic group nd stte or other re, Decemer 2001..42 11. Percentge distriution, y dignostic group nd stte or other re, Decemer 2001...46 12. Totl monthly enefits, y stte or other re, Decemer 2001...50 13. Percentge distriution of disled workers, y monthly enefit nd stte or other re, Decemer 2001...52 14. Percentge distriution of disled widow(er)s, y monthly enefit nd stte or other re, Decemer 2001...54 15. Percentge distriution of disled dult children, y monthly enefit nd stte or other re, Decemer 2001...56 Disled Workers 16. Percentge distriution, y ge nd sex, Decemer 1960 2001, selected yers...58 17. Numer, verge primry insurnce mount, nd verge monthly enefit, y sex nd ge, Decemer 2001...60 18. Distriution of workers with secondry enefit (dul entitlement), y worker s smller primry insurnce mount nd sex, Decemer 2001...61 19. Distriution of workers with secondry enefit (dul entitlement), y type of secondry enefit nd sex, Decemer 2001...62 20. Numer, y ge, sex, nd stte or other re, Decemer 2001...63 Disled-Worker Fmilies 21. Numer nd verge monthly fmily enefit, y selected fmily groups, Decemer 1960 2001, selected yers...67 22. Numer, verge primry insurnce mount, nd verge monthly fmily enefit, Decemer 2001...69 23. Distriution, y ge of worker, Decemer 2001...70 Benefits Awrded, Withheld, nd Terminted Awrds to Disled Beneficiries nd Nondisled Dependents 24. Numer, selected yers 1960 2001...73 25. Averge monthly enefit, y sex nd ge, 2001...74 Awrds to Disled Beneficiries 26. Distriution, y dignostic group nd sex, 2001...76 27. Distriution nd verge monthly enefit, y stte or other re, 2001...78 Awrds to Disled Workers 28. Percentge distriution, y ge nd sex, 1960 2001...80 29. Distriution, y dignostic group, selected yers 1960 2001...82 30. Distriution of workers ged 50 or older, y dignostic group, selected yers 1975 2001...86 31. Distriution of workers under ge 50, y dignostic group, selected yers 1975 2001...90 32. Averge primry insurnce mount nd monthly enefit, y sex, selected yers 1960 2001...94 33. Distriution, y dignostic group, sex, nd ge, 2001...95 34. Distriution, y monthly enefit nd sex, 2001...97 vi
Awrds to Disled-Worker Fmilies 35. Numer, verge primry insurnce mount, nd verge monthly fmily enefit, 2001...98 36. Distriution, y ge of worker, 2001...99 Pyments Withheld 37. Numer, y reson for withholding pyment, Decemer 2001...100 Benefits Terminted 38. Numer nd rte, 1960 2001...101 39. Numer, y reson for termintion, 2001...102 40. Numer, y stte or other re, 2001...103 Disled Beneficiries Receiving Socil Security, SSI, or Both 41. Numer ged 18 64, y progrm, Decemer 1996 2001...107 42. Numer ged 18 64, y stte or other re, Decemer 2001...108 Income of Noninstitutionlized Disled Beneficiries: Survey of Income nd Progrm Prticiption Individul Income 43. Distriution, y selected personl chrcteristics, Decemer 1999...113 44. Socil Security s percentge of personl income, y selected chrcteristics, Decemer 1999...115 Fmily Income 45. Distriution, y household nd fmily chrcteristics, Decemer 1999...118 46. Percentge distriution of fmily income, y source nd selected chrcteristics, Decemer 1999...120 47. Poverty sttus, y selected chrcteristics, Decemer 1999...123 Appendix: Smpling Vriility...129 Glossry...131 vii
Bckground History of the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm When President Frnklin D. Roosevelt signed the Socil Security Act into lw on August 14, 1935, the originl progrm ws designed to py enefits only to retired workers ged 65 or older. The 1939 mendments dded two new ctegories of enefits: pyments to the spouse nd minor children of retired worker (known s dependents enefits) nd survivors enefits pid to the fmily of decesed worker. Tht chnge trnsformed Socil Security from retirement progrm for individuls into fmilysed economic security progrm. The Socil Security Amendments of 1954 initited the Disility Insurnce (DI) progrm tht provided the pulic with dditionl coverge ginst economic insecurity. Effective s of 1955, there ws disility "freeze" of workers' Socil Security records during yers when they were unle to work. While tht mesure offered no csh enefits, it did prevent such periods of disility from reducing or wiping out retirement nd survivors enefits. This legisltion outlined the work requirements, the definition of disility, the nture of the disility determintions, nd the emphsis on rehilittion tht re still fundmentl to the disility progrm. On August 1, 1956, s he signed new disility legisltion, President Eisenhower ws quoted s sying, "We will... endevor to dminister the disility [progrm] efficiently nd effectively, [nd]... to help rehilitte the disled so tht they my return to useful employment.... I m hopeful tht the new lw... will dvnce the economic security of the Americn people." These mendments provided csh enefits to disled workers ged 50-64 (fter 6-month witing period) nd to dult children of retired, disled, or decesed workers, if the children hd een disled efore ge 18. Over the next 4 yers, Congress rodened the scope of the progrm, providing enefits to disled workers' dependents in 1958 nd permitting disled workers under ge 50 to qulify for enefits in 1960. In 1967, the ct ws further mended to provide enefits for disled widows nd widowers ged 50-64 t reduced rte. The Socil Security Amendments of 1972 further enhnced the disility progrm y: Reducing the witing period from 6 months to 5; Incresing from 18 to 22 the ge efore which "childhood disility" must hve egun; Extending Medicre coverge to persons who hd een receiving disility enefits for 24 consecutive months; nd Estlishing the needs-sed Supplementl Security Income (SSI) progrm to replce the Old-Age Assistnce, Aid to the Blind, nd Aid to Permnently nd Totlly Disled progrms. The SSI progrm, unlike the Socil Security disility progrm, provided enefits to disled children under the ge of 18. Throughout the 1970s, growth in the disility rolls ws higher thn expected s result of incresed pplictions. In ddition, reltively few eneficiries were eing rehilitted nd returning to work. As result, Congress encted legisltion in 1980 tht: Limited disility enefit levels; Tightened dministrtion of the Socil Security nd SSI disility progrms y instituting review of initil disility decisions nd y estlishing periodic review of continuing disility requirements; Enhnced rehilittion nd work incentive provisions; nd Withheld pyment of enefits to incrcerted felons.
In response to concerns rising from the implementtion of the 1980 provision regrding the continuing disility review process, Congress legislted in 1982 tht persons who ppel decisions tht their disility hs cesed: Could elect to hve enefits nd Medicre coverge continued pending review y n dministrtive lw judge; nd Hve n opportunity for fce-to-fce evidentiry hering t the reconsidertion level of ppel. Two provisions of the Socil Security Amendments of 1983 ffected the disility progrm: The grdul increse, from 65 to 67, in the ge t which full retirement enefits re pyle ws mde to restore finncil soundness to the Old-Age, Survivors, nd Disility Insurnce (OASDI) progrms. The increse in full retirement ge, which egn in 2000, mens tht disled workers nd widow(er)s my remin on the DI rolls for n dditionl 2 yers efore "converting" to ge-sed enefits. It is lso likely tht more older workers will pply for, nd ecome entitled to, disility-sed enefits ecuse of this chnge. Benefits to disled widow(er)s were improved y decresing the enefit reduction for eneficiries under ge 60 nd y continuing pyments to certin disled widow(er)s who remrried. In 1984, the Congress encted numer of chnges ffecting the interprettion of disility such s instituting "medicl improvement stndrd" in the continuing disility review process, revising the mentl impirment listings, nd considering the comined effect of ll impirments when determining eligiility for enefits. From 1984 through 1998, mny reltively minor legisltive chnges were mde in the Socil Security disility progrm. Those chnges provided dditionl Medicre protection for the disled, mde the definition of disility for disled widow(er)s the sme s tht for disled workers, prohiited eligiility for individuls whose drug ddiction or lcoholism ws contriuting fctor to their impirment, nd modified the provisions for tril work period. On Decemer 17, 1999, President Clinton signed into lw the Ticket to Work nd Work Incentives Improvement Act. The purpose of tht legisltion is to improve the disility progrm's work incentives y giving eneficiries greter choice in seeking rehilittion nd employment services. The provisions of the ct: Crete Ticket to Work nd Self-Sufficiency progrm tht provides disled eneficiries with voucher they my use to otin voctionl rehilittion services, employment services, nd other support services from n employment network of their choice. Prohiit SSA from inititing continuing disility reviews while the eneficiry is using ticket. Provide for expedited reinsttement of enefits for individuls whose prior entitlement to disility nd helth cre enefits hd een terminted s result of ernings from work. Those former eneficiries my request reinsttement of enefits without filing new ppliction. Estlish community-sed work incentives plnning nd ssistnce progrm for the purpose of providing ccurte informtion out work incentives to disled eneficiries. Expnd helth cre services y llowing the sttes to offer Medicid uy-in for workers with disilities even though they my no longer e eligile for disility enefits under Socil Security or SSI ecuse their medicl condition hs improved. Allow people with disilities who return to work to continue their premium-free Medicre Prt A coverge for n dditionl 4½ yers eyond the 4 yers previously pro- 2 2001 Annul Sttisticl Report on the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm
vided. Medicre Prt B cn lso continue if premiums re pid. Definition of Disility The definition of disility under Socil Security is different from tht used y other disility progrms. Socil Security pys enefits only for totl disility; it does not py enefits for prtil disility or for short-term disility. To e eligile for enefits person must: Be insured for enefits, Not hve ttined full retirement ge, Hve filed n ppliction for enefits, nd Hve Socil Security defined disility. Meeting the insured requirement mens tht person must hve worked long enough nd recently enough under Socil Security. The numer of work credits (qurters of coverge) person needs to qulify for enefits depends on the individul's ge when he or she ecomes disled. Section 223(d)(1) of the Socil Security Act defines "disility" s n (A) Inility to engge in ny sustntil ginful ctivity y reson of ny mediclly determinle physicl or mentl impirment which cn e expected to result in deth or which hs lsted or cn e expected to lst for continuous period of not less thn 12 months; or (B) In the cse of n individul who hs ttined ge 55 nd is lind (within the mening of "lindness" s defined in section 216(i)(1)), inility y reson of such lindness to engge in sustntil ginful ctivity requiring skills or ilities comprle to those of ny ginful ctivity in which he hs previously engged with some regulrity nd over sustntil period of time. In most cses, dollr mount is used to indicte whether person is engging in sustntil ginful ctivity. For 2001, the SGA mount ws $740 per month for nonlind individul nd $1,240 per month for lind person. Effective Jnury 2001, the SGA level is djusted nnully sed upon the ntionl verge wge index. A mediclly determinle physicl or mentl impirment is n impirment tht results from ntomicl, physiologicl, or psychologicl normlities tht cn e shown y mediclly cceptle clinicl nd lortory dignostic techniques. An impirment must e estlished y medicl evidence consisting of signs, symptoms, nd lortory findings. Types of Benefits Aville The Socil Security progrm pys enefits to disled individuls nd to certin dependents. Those enefits include the following: 1. Monthly csh enefits, fter 5-month witing period, for disled worker nd fmily. The worker nd eligile fmily memers continue to receive enefits, s long s the worker remins disled, until the worker reches full retirement ge or dies. (At tht time, the disled-worker enefit would convert to retired-worker enefits, nd eligile fmily memers would ecome eligile for retirement- or survivor-sed enefits.) The spouse of disled worker is eligile for enefits if he or she is ged 62 or older or hs in his or her cre child under ge 16 or disled dult child who is entitled to enefits on the worker's ernings record. Unmrried children re entitled to enefits until they rech ge 18, or until ge 19 if they re full-time elementry or secondry school student. 2. Monthly csh enefits, fter 5-month witing period, for disled widow(er) or disled surviving divorced spouse who is ged 50 to 65. This puliction refers to those individuls s "disled widow(er)s." 3. Monthly csh enefits pyle to disled dult children of disled, retired, or decesed workers. Those children must e 2001 Annul Sttisticl Report on the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm 3
ge 18 or older nd must hve ecome disled efore ge 22. The 5-month witing period does not pply to disled dult children. 4. Medicre enefits re ville 2 yers fter the disled worker, disled widow(er), or disled dult child ecomes eligile for enefits. 5. Voctionl rehilittion services re ville for disled eneficiries who could return to work if they were provided with some ssistnce. Initil Disility Decisionmking Process The disility decisionmking process egins when n individul files n ppliction for enefits t Socil Security office. An employee in the office determines if the pplicnt meets the nonmedicl requirements for enefits such s ge, work credits, performnce of SGA, nd reltionship to the insured worker. If those requirements re met, the ppliction is sent to the Disility Determintion Services (DDS) office in the stte where the pplicnt resides. The DDS then decides whether n individul is disled under Socil Security lw. Disility exminers nd medicl stff in the DDS office use medicl evidence from the pplicnt's doctors, hospitls, clinics, or institutions where the individul received tretment. Those medicl sources re lso sked for informtion out person's ility to do work-relted ctivities, such s wlking, sitting, lifting, crrying, nd rememering instructions. The DDS my need more medicl informtion efore they cn decide person's cse. If it is not ville from the individul's current medicl sources, they my sk the pplicnt to go to specil exmintion, clled "consulttive exmintion," tht is pid for y the Socil Security Administrtion (SSA). A five-step sequentil evlution process is used to decide if person is disled. Those steps re s follows: 1. Is the individul working? If the person is working nd erning more thn the SGA mount, the person generlly cnnot e considered disled. This decision is mde y Socil Security employee. If the person is not working t SGA, the file goes to the DDS. 2. Is the condition "severe"? A condition must interfere with sic work-relted ctivities for clim to e considered. If it does not, the person is not found disled. If it does, the DDS will go to the next step. 3. Does the individul hve n impirment tht meets or equls one tht is descried in SSA's Listing of Impirments? SSA mintins list of impirments for 14 mjor ody systems: musculoskeletl; specil senses nd speech; respirtory; crdiovsculr; digestive; genitourinry; hemic nd lymphtic; skin nd sucutneous tissue; endocrine; multiple ody; neurologicl; mentl; neoplstic; nd the immune system. Those impirments re so severe tht they utomticlly men tht person is disled. If the condition is not on the list, the DDS will hve to decide if it is of equl severity to listed impirment. If it is, the person is found disled. If not, the DDS goes to the next step. 4. Cn the individul do the work he or she previously did? If the person's condition is severe ut not t the sme or equl severity s n impirment on the list, then the DDS must determine if it interferes with person's ility to do his or her pst work. If it does not, the clim will e denied. If it does, the DDS goes to the next step. 5. Cn the individul do ny other type of work? In order to determine n individul's ility to do other work, the DDS considers the person's medicl conditions, ge, eduction, work experience, nd ny trnsferle skills. If the DDS decides the person cnnot do other work, the clim will e pproved. If 4 2001 Annul Sttisticl Report on the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm
the DDS decides tht the person cn do other work, the clim will e denied. A person is considered lind if his or her vision cnnot e corrected to etter thn 20/200 in the etter eye or if his or her visul field is 20 degrees or less, even with corrective lens. A numer of specil rules pply to persons who re lind. Those rules recognize the impct of lindness on person's ility to work. For exmple, the dollr mount used to determine if lind individul is engging in SGA is higher thn the limit for sighted person. Appels Process If n pplicnt's clim for disility enefits is denied, he or she hs the right to ppel tht decision. There re four levels of ppels: (1) reconsidertion y the stte DDS; (2) hering y n dministrtive lw judge (ALJ); (3) review y the Appels Council; nd (4) federl court review. At ech level of ppel, climnts or their representtive must file the request for ppel in writing within 60 dys from the dte of the notice of denil. Generlly, the reconsidertion is the first step in the ppels process. The reconsidertion is cse review nd is similr to the initil determintion except tht the cse is ssigned to different disility exminer nd medicl tem t the DDS. Climnts re given the opportunity to present dditionl evidence, which is considered long with the evidence tht ws sumitted during the initil determintion. If the clim is gin denied, the individul my request hering efore n ALJ. Usully the ALJ will hold hering, lthough the climnt my sk tht his or her cse e decided on the sis of the written record without hering. At the hering, the climnt nd witnesses testify under oth or ffirmtion, nd the testimony is recorded vertim. The ALJ is responsile for looking into ll the issues; he or she receives documentry evidence s well s the testimony of witnesses. The ALJ will llow the climnt, the climnt's representtive, or oth to present rguments nd exmine witnesses. The finl step in the dministrtive ppels process is t the Appels Council. If the climnt is disstisfied with the hering decision, he or she my request tht the Appels Council review the cse. The Council, mde up of dministrtive ppels judges, my lso, on its own motion, review decision within 60 dys of the ALJ's decision. The Appels Council considers the evidence of record, ny dditionl evidence sumitted y the climnt, nd the ALJ's findings nd conclusions. The Council my grnt, deny, or dismiss request for review. If it grees to review the cse, the Council my uphold, modify, or reverse the ALJ's ction, or it my remnd it to the ALJ so tht he or she my hold nother hering nd issue new decision. Climnts my file n ction in federl district court within 60 dys fter the dte they receive notice of the Appels Council's ction. If the U.S. District Court reviews the cse record nd does not find in fvor of the climnt, the climnt cn continue with the ppellte process to the U.S. Circuit Court of Appels. Benefit Clcultions In ddition to meeting the strict medicl definition of disility, n individul must lso meet n insured-sttus requirement. To e eligile for disled-worker enefits, person must hve worked long enough nd recently enough under Socil Security. A person cn ern up to four work credits per yer. The mount of ernings required for credit increses ech yer s generl wge levels rise. The numer of work credits person needs for disility enefits depends on the individul's ge when he or she ecomes disled. To e fully insured, the mximum numer of credits needed is 40. To e currently insured, person generlly needs 20 credits erned in the lst 10 yers ending with the yer he or she ecomes disled. However, younger workers my qulify with fewer credits. 2001 Annul Sttisticl Report on the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm 5
Dependents of disled worker re eligile for enefits if the worker meets oth the medicl nd insured-sttus requirements. Disled widow(er)s nd disled dult children do not need to meet work requirement themselves, ut the worker on whose record they re filing must e insured. To determine the mount of person's monthly csh enefit, SSA uses the following four-step process: 1. Clculte ech worker's verge indexed monthly ernings (AIME). First, the worker's nnul covered ernings fter 1950 re indexed to reflect the generl ernings level in the indexing yer the second clendr yer efore the yer of eligiility (tht is, the yer worker ecomes disled, reches ge 62, or dies). Ernings in yers fter the indexing yer re not indexed ut insted re counted t their ctul vlue. The period used to clculte the AIME equls the numer of full clendr yers elpsing etween ge 21 nd the yer of first eligiility. The ctul yers used in the computtion re the yers of highest ernings fter the 5 lowest yers of ernings hve een excluded. The AIME is clculted s the sum of the highest yer's ernings, divided y the numer of months in the computtion period. 2. Compute the primry insurnce mount (PIA). The formul used to compute the PIA from the AIME is weighted to provide higher PIA-to-AIME rtio for workers with low ernings. For workers who rech ge 62, ecome disled, or die in 2001, the PIA is equl to the sum of: 90 percent of the first $561 of AIME, plus 32 percent of the next $2,820 of AIME, plus 15 percent of AIME over $3,381. When susequent retirement enefits re computed t conversion to retired-worker enefits t the full retirement ge (FRA), or t retirement for worker who erlier recovered from disility, the yers of disility re disregrded from the PIA clcultion. Tht preserves insured sttus nd enefit level. Alterntive methods of computing the PIA pply to workers who hve low ernings ut stedy work history over most of their dult yers nd to workers who lso receive pension sed on their own noncovered work. 3. Compute the fmily mximum (FMAX). Monthly enefits pyle to the worker nd fmily memers or to the worker's survivors re limited to mximum fmily enefit mount. The fmily mximum level for retired-worker fmilies or survivors usully rnges from 150 percent to 188 percent of the worker's PIA. The mximum enefit for disled-worker fmilies rnges from the smller of 85 percent of AIME (or 100 percent of the PIA, if lrger) to out 150 percent of the PIA. Beginning with the first yer of eligiility, the PIA nd FMAX re incresed y cost-of-living djustments. 4. Compute the person's monthly enefit mount (MBA). Disled workers nd persons retiring t the FRA re pid 100 percent of the PIA. The PIA is reduced for workers who retire etween ge 62 nd the FRA. If disled worker receives reduced retirement enefits efore disility entitlement, the disility enefit is reduced y the numer of months for which he or she received reduced retirement enefits. Dependents of retired or disled workers my receive up to 50 percent of the PIA. Disled dult children of decesed workers my receive up to 75 percent of the PIA. Disled widow(er)s ged 50-60 my receive up to 71.5 percent of the PIA. Disled widow(er)s ged 60 to the FRA my receive up to 100 percent of the PIA, ut enefits re reduced for ge, with mximum reduction of 28.5 percent. All monthly enefits re limited y the fmily mximum, so dependents my not receive their full MBA. 6 2001 Annul Sttisticl Report on the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm
Benefits Offset nd Withheld Disled-worker nd dependents enefits my e offset if the disled worker receives workers' compenstion (WC) or other pulic disility enefits (PDB). The 1965 Socil Security Amendments require tht enefits e reduced when the worker is lso eligile for periodic or lump-sum WC/PDB pyments, so tht the comined mount of the disled worker's nd fmily's Socil Security enefit plus the WC/PDB does not exceed 80 percent of the worker's verge current ernings. The comined pyments fter reduction re never less thn the totl Socil Security enefits were efore reduction. The reduction continues until the month the worker reches ge 65 or the month the WC/PDB pyment stops, whichever comes first. If spouse or disled widow(er) worked for federl, stte, or locl government to which he or she did not py Socil Security txes, the pension he or she receives from tht gency my reduce his or her Socil Security enefits. Tht provision is known s the government pension offset. The offset will reduce the mount of the Socil Security enefit y two-thirds of the mount of the government pension. The nnul ernings test pplies to nondisled eneficiries under the FRA. Benefits for those eneficiries re withheld $1 for every $2 they ern ove the nnul ernings limit. In the clendr yer eneficiry ttins the FRA, for months efore the FRA, $1 is withheld for every $3 erned over the nnul ernings limit for tht ge group. A retired worker's ernings will lso ffect his or her dependents' enefits, including those of disled dult children. In ddition, spouse's ernings my ffect enefits for his or her children. How disled eneficiry's work ffects his or her enefit is discussed in the next section. Other resons for withholding enefits include spouses who no longer hve n entitled child in their cre, eneficiries who re incrcerted, or eneficiries whose whereouts re unknown. Work Incentives Specil rules mke it possile for disled eneficiries to work nd still receive monthly enefits nd Medicre or Medicid. Those rules re known s work incentives. Disled eneficiries re encourged to return to work y providing tril work period (TWP) nd n extended period of eligiility (EPE). During the TWP, ernings re llowed to exceed the SGA dollr mount for 9 months. During the 3-yer EPE tht follows the TWP, enefits re withheld only for those months in which ernings exceed the SGA mount. After the end of the EPE, monthly enefits re terminted only fter the ernings exceed the SGA mount. Certin impirment-relted expenses tht person needs to mke in order to work my e deducted when counting ernings to determine if the work is sustntil. Even if csh enefits re withheld, Medicre nd Medicid coverge cn continue. The Ticket to Work nd Work Incentives Improvement Act hs further improved work incentives. Tht lw sustntilly expnds work opportunities for people with disilities. The provisions of the lw ecome effective t different times in different prts of the country. The provisions elow pply to oth Socil Security nd SSI. 1. Ticket to Work nd Self-Sufficiency Progrm. Strting in 2002, some Socil Security nd SSI disility eneficiries received "ticket" tht they my use to otin voctionl rehilittion nd other employment support services from n pproved provider of their choice. The progrm is voluntry nd will e phsed in ntionlly over 3- yer period. 2. Expnded Avilility of Helth Cre Services. As of Octoer 1, 2000, the lw expnds Medicid nd Medicre coverge to more people with disilities who work. It extends Medicre Prt A premium-free coverge for 93 months fter the tril work period for most disled eneficiries who work. 2001 Annul Sttisticl Report on the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm 7
In ddition, sttes now hve the option to expnd Medicid coverge to workers with disilities using income nd resource limits set y the sttes. 3. Expedited Benefits. Effective Jnury 1, 2001, if person's Socil Security or SSI disility enefits hve ended ecuse of ernings from work nd he or she ecomes unle to work gin within 60 months ecuse of his or her medicl condition, he or she would e le to request reinsttement of enefits, including Medicre nd Medicid, without filing new ppliction. 4. Disility Reviews Postponed. Effective Jnury 1, 2001, n individul using "ticket" does not need to undergo the regulrly scheduled disility reviews. Effective Jnury 1, 2002, people who hve een receiving Socil Security disility enefits for t lest 24 months will not e sked to go through disility review ecuse of the work they re doing. However, regulrly scheduled medicl reviews could still e performed nd enefits could e terminted if ernings were ove the limits. 5. Work Incentives Outrech Progrm. The lw directs the Socil Security Administrtion to estlish community-sed work incentives plnning nd ssistnce progrm to disseminte ccurte informtion out work incentives nd to give eneficiries more choice. SSA hs estlished progrm of coopertive greements nd contrcts to provide enefits plnning nd ssistnce to ll disled eneficiries, including informtion out the vilility of protection nd dvoccy services. 6. Protection nd Advoccy. The lw uthorizes SSA to mke pyments to protection nd dvoccy systems estlished in ech stte to provide informtion, dvice, nd legl services to disility eneficiries. More informtion out work incentives cn e found t www.ss.gov/work. Benefit Termintion In generl, enefits continue s long s person remins disled. However, under Socil Security lw, ll disility cses must e reviewed from time to time to mke sure tht people receiving enefits continue to meet the disility requirements. Benefits continue unless there is strong proof tht person's impirment hs mediclly improved nd tht he or she is le to return to work. How often cse is reviewed depends on the severity of the impirment nd the likelihood of improvement. The frequency cn rnge from 6 months to 7 yers. Here re generl guidelines for reviews. Improvement expected If medicl improvement cn e predicted when enefits strt, the first review will e 6 to 18 months lter. Improvement possile If medicl improvement is possile ut cnnot e predicted, the cse will e reviewed out every 3 yers. Improvement not expected If medicl improvement is not likely, the cse will e reviewed out once every 5 to 7 yers. During review, the disled eneficiry is sked to provide informtion out ny medicl tretment he or she hs received nd ny work he or she might hve done. An evlution tem tht includes disility exminer nd doctor then requests the individul's medicl records nd crefully reviews his or her file. If the tem decides person is still disled, enefits will continue. If they decide tht the person is no longer disled, the individul cn file n ppel if he or she disgrees with the determintion. Otherwise, enefits stop 3 months fter the eneficiry is notified tht his or her disility ended. Benefits for dependents continue s long s the disled worker continues to e entitled to enefits. However, person's enefits my e 8 2001 Annul Sttisticl Report on the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm
terminted for other resons. Here re the most common resons to terminte enefits: The eneficiry dies. If the decesed ws the worker, eligile dependents my ecome entitled to survivors enefits. The disled worker or disled widow(er) ttins the FRA nd their enefit is utomticlly converted to retired-worker enefits or ged widow(er)s enefits, respectively. The disled eneficiry is no longer disled either through medicl recovery or successful reentry to the workforce. A spouse divorces worker (with some exceptions). Certin divorced spouses remrry. A spouse no longer hs child under ge 16 or disled child in his or her cre. A child reches ge 18. A student reches ge 19 or is no longer ttending elementry or secondry school full time. Dependent children mrry. Dependents ecome entitled to nother equl or lrger enefit. Benefits usully stop effective with the month the terminting event occurred. 2001 Annul Sttisticl Report on the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm 9
Chrts
Chrt 1. All Socil Security disled eneficiries in current pyment sttus, Decemer 2001 In Decemer 2001, out 6.2 million people received disility enefits s disled workers, disled widow(er)s, or disled dult children. The mjority (85 percent) were disled workers, 12 percent were disled dult children, nd 3 percent were disled widow(er)s. Disled widow(er)s 3% Disled dult children 12% Disled workers 85% SOURCE: Tle 1. 2001 Annul Sttisticl Report on the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm 13
Chrt 2. All Socil Security disled eneficiries in current pyment sttus, 1970 2001 The numer of disled workers grew stedily until 1978, declined slightly until 1983, strted to increse gin in 1984, nd egn to increse more rpidly eginning in 1990. The growth in the 1980s nd 1990s ws the result of demogrphic chnges, recession, nd legisltive chnges. The numer of disled dult children hs grown slightly, nd the numer of disled widow(er)s hs remined firly level. In 2001, over 5 million disled workers, 204,000 disled widow(er)s, nd 736,000 disled dult children received disility enefits. 7 6 5 Millions Totl Disled workers Disled widow(er)s Disled dult children 4 3 2 1 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 SOURCE: Tle 1. 14 2001 Annul Sttisticl Report on the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm
Chrt 3. Disled eneficiries ged 18 64 in current pyment sttus s percentge of stte popultion, Decemer 2001 Disled eneficiries ged 18 64 in current pyment sttus ccounted for out 3.4 percent of the working-ge popultion in the United Sttes. In 14 sttes, they represented less thn 3 percent of the stte popultion. The sttes with the highest rtes of disled eneficiries 5 percent or more were Alm, Arknss, Kentucky, Mine, Mississippi, nd West Virgini. Under 3% 3-3.9% 4-4.9% 5% or more SOURCE: Tle 8. 2001 Annul Sttisticl Report on the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm 15
Chrt 4. Age of disled-worker eneficiries in current pyment sttus, y sex, Decemer 2001 The percentge of disled-worker eneficiries increses with ge for oth men nd women. In Decemer 2001, the lrgest percentge of disled-worker eneficiries were ged 60 or older. Disility enefits convert to retirement enefits when the worker reches full retirement ge, which is ges 65 67 depending on the yer of irth. 25 Percent 20 Men Women 15 10 5 0 Under 25 25 29 30 34 35 39 40 44 45 49 50 54 55 59 60 or older SOURCE: Tle 2. 16 2001 Annul Sttisticl Report on the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm
Chrt 5. Averge monthly enefit of those in current pyment sttus, y sex, Decemer 2001 The verge monthly enefit for disled-worker enficiries is higher thn tht pid to disled widow(er)s or disled dult children. The reson for the difference is tht disled workers receive 100 percent of the primry insurnce mount (PIA), compred with 71.5 percent for disled widow(er)s nd 50 percent for disled dult children (if the worker is disled or retired) or 75 percent (if the worker is decesed). Becuse men hve trditionlly hd higher ernings thn women, their monthly enefit is higher. This is most ovious in the disled-worker group. Benefits for disled widow(er)s nd disled dult children re dependents enefits, so their monthly enefit is function of the worker s ernings. Therefore, disled widow s verge enefit tends to e higher thn tht of disled widower ecuse mle worker s ernings re higher thn femle worker s. Benefit mounts re out the sme for men nd women in the disled dult children group. 1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Dollrs Men Women Disled workers Disled widow(er)s Disled dult children SOURCE: Tle 3. 2001 Annul Sttisticl Report on the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm 17
Chrt 6. Disled eneficiries in current pyment sttus, y selected dignostic groups, Decemer 2001 The impirment on which disility is sed vries with the type of eneficiry. In Decemer 2001, other mentl disorders ws the primry reson disled workers received enefits; diseses of the musculoskeletl system ws the leding cuse of disility mong disled widow(er)s; nd mentl retrdtion ws the predominnt reson for disility mong disled dult children. 70 Percent 60 Disled workers Disled widow(er)s Disled dult children 50 40 30 20 10 0 Mentl retrdtion Other mentl disorders Nervous system Musculoskeletl system Endocrine diseses Circultory system All other impirments SOURCE: Tle 4. 18 2001Annul Sttisticl Report on the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm
Chrt 7. Socil Security disility wrds, 1980 2001 The totl numer of wrds decresed from 1980 through 1982, strted to rise in 1983, nd egn to increse more rpidly in 1990. Awrds for disled-worker enefits hve een most pronounced nd drive the overll pttern shown in the totl line. Disled-worker wrds incresed from low of 297,131 in 1982 to 636,637 in 1992. Awrds to disled workers hve een reltively flt since 1992, fluctuting round 600,000. There were 661,900 worker wrds in 2001. Awrds to disled widow(er)s hve incresed t much slower rte thn hve those to disled workers, rising stedily from just over 16,000 in 1980 to 26,500 in 2001. Awrds to disled dult children hve slowly incresed from 33,470 in 1980 to 44,300 in 2001. 800,000 700,000 600,000 Totl Disled workers Disled widow(er)s Disled dult children 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 SOURCE: Tle 24. 2001 Annul Sttisticl Report on the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm 19
Chrt 8. Averge monthly enefit wrds, y sex, 2001 Averge monthly enefits for new wrds tend to e higher thn those pid to eneficiries who re lredy on the rolls (see Chrt 5). The exception is pyments to newly wrded widows, whose enefits re slightly lower thn those pid to widows who were entitled in erlier yers. The verge monthly enefit wrded to disled-workers is higher thn tht wrded to disled widow(er)s or disled dult children. The reson for the difference is tht disled workers receive 100 percent of the primry insurnce mount (PIA), compred with 71.5 percent for disled widow(er)s nd 50 percent for disled dult children (if the worker is disled or retired) or 75 percent (if the worker is decesed). Becuse men hve trditionlly hd higher ernings thn women, their monthly enefit is higher. This is most ovious in the disled-worker group. Benefits for disled widow(er)s nd disled dult children re dependents enefits, so their monthly enefit is function of the worker s ernings. Therefore, disled widow s verge enefit tends to e higher thn tht of disled widower ecuse mle worker s ernings re higher thn femle worker s. Benefit mounts re out the sme for men nd women in the disled dult children group. 1,200 1,000 Dollrs Men Women 800 600 400 200 0 Disled workers Disled widow(er)s Disled dult children SOURCE: Tle 25. 20 2001 Annul Sttisticl Report on the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm
Chrt 9. Disled-worker wrds, y selected dignostic groups, 2001 In 2001, 661,900 disled workers were wrded enefits. Of those with dignosis (660,100), the primry impirment ws mentl disorders (25 percent), 25 percent hd disese of the musculoskeletl system nd connective tissue, 12 percent hd circultory prolems, 9 percent hd neoplsms, 8 percent hd disese of the nervous system or sense orgns, nd 21 percent hd other impirments. Other 21% Neoplsms 9% Mentl disorders 25% Musculoskeletl system 25% Nervous system 8% Circultory system 12% SOURCE: Tle 26. 2001 Annul Sttisticl Report on the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm 21
Chrt 10. Socil Security nd SSI eneficiries receiving enefits on the sis of disility, Decemer 2001 In Decemer 2001, out 9.7 million people under ge 65 received enefits on the sis of disility. Aout 52 percent (5.0 million persons) received enefits from the Socil Security progrm only, 37 percent (3.6 million persons) received enefits from SSI only, nd 11 percent (1.1 million persons) received enefits from oth progrms. This totl excludes 64,497 disled dult children nd 730,700 lind nd disled SSI recipients who re ged 65 or older. Socil Security only 5.0 million Concurrent 1.1 million SSI only 3.6 million Totl 9.7 million SOURCES: Dt for eneficiries ged 18 64 re from Tle 41. Dt for disled children under ge 18 re derived from Tle 7.D1 in the Annul Sttisticl Supplement to the Socil Security Bulletin. 22 2001 Annul Sttisticl Report on the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm
Chrt 11. Eductionl level of disled-worker eneficiries, Decemer 1999 Disled workers hve vrying levels of eduction nd tend to e less educted thn the generl U.S. popultion. Thirty percent of disled-worker eneficiries hve less thn high school eduction, 35 percent hve high school eduction, 24 percent hve some college eduction, nd 10 percent hve college or postgrdute level of eduction. 16 or more yers of eduction 10% 0 8 yers of eduction 12% 13 15 yers of eduction 24% 9 11 yers of eduction 18% 12 yers of eduction 35% SOURCE: Tle 43. NOTE: Percentge my not sum to 100 ecuse of rounding. 2001 Annul Sttisticl Report on the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm 23
Chrt 12. Sources of disled-worker fmily income, Decemer 1999 Socil Security enefits re the primry source of income for disled-worker fmilies. Aout 35 percent of their income comes from Socil Security, 32 percent from fmily memers ernings, 5 percent from Supplementl Security Income, nd only 2 percent from pulic ssistnce. Property income 3% Pulic ssistnce 2% Other 23% Socil Security 35% Fmily memers' ernings 32% Supplementl Security income 5% SOURCE: Tle 46. 24 2001 Annul Sttisticl Report on the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm
Tles Beneficiries in Current Pyment Sttus
All Disled Beneficiries Tle 1. Numer, verge, nd totl monthly enefits, Decemer 1960 2001 Yer Totl Numer Workers Widow(er)s Adult children Averge monthly enefit (dollrs) Adult Workers Widow(er)s children Totl monthly enefits (thousnds of dollrs) Adult Workers Widow(er)s children 1960 559,425 455,371 n.. 104,054 89.31 n.. 44.15 40,669 n.. 4,594 1961 742,296 618,075 n.. 124,221 89.59 n.. 45.28 55,373 n.. 5,625 1962 888,131 740,867 n.. 147,264 89.99 n.. 45.67 66,671 n.. 6,726 1963 993,656 827,014 n.. 166,642 90.59 n.. 46.45 74,919 n.. 7,741 1964 1,077,695 894,173 n.. 183,522 91.12 n.. 47.35 81,477 n.. 8,690 1965 1,186,464 988,074 n.. 198,390 97.76 n.. 51.77 96,594 n.. 10,271 1966 1,310,911 1,097,190 n.. 213,721 98.09 n.. 52.42 107,623 n.. 11,203 1967 1,422,778 1,193,120 n.. 229,658 98.43 n.. 53.41 117,439 n.. 12,266 1968 1,560,517 1,295,300 21,563 243,654 111.86 72.25 61.83 144,892 1,558 15,065 1969 1,690,982 1,394,291 39,469 257,222 112.74 71.02 62.79 157,192 2,803 16,151 1970 1,812,786 1,492,948 49,281 270,557 131.26 82.00 73.21 195,964 4,041 19,807 1971 1,990,098 1,647,684 56,743 285,671 146.52 90.11 81.37 241,419 5,113 23,245 1972 2,202,090 1,832,916 64,167 305,007 179.32 109.54 98.81 328,678 7,029 30,138 1973 2,415,383 2,016,626 78,769 319,988 183.00 111.14 100.14 369,043 8,754 32,044 1974 2,670,092 2,236,882 92,128 341,082 205.70 125.87 112.45 460,127 11,596 38,355 1975 2,960,620 2,488,774 109,511 362,335 225.90 137.70 122.80 562,214 15,080 44,495 1976 3,171,198 2,670,208 119,427 381,563 245.17 147.01 132.32 654,655 17,557 50,488 1977 3,368,954 2,837,432 127,276 404,246 265.30 156.11 142.12 752,771 19,869 57,451 1978 3,429,421 2,879,774 129,751 419,896 288.30 165.46 153.66 830,239 21,469 64,521 1979 3,435,761 2,870,590 129,833 435,338 322.00 180.52 171.55 924,330 23,437 74,682 1980 3,436,429 2,858,680 127,580 450,169 370.70 205.02 198.95 1,059,713 26,156 89,561 1981 3,361,130 2,776,519 121,590 463,021 413.20 226.58 224.51 1,147,258 27,550 103,953 1982 3,192,379 2,603,599 116,372 472,408 440.60 242.11 245.07 1,147,146 28,175 115,773 1983 3,168,992 2,569,029 111,591 488,372 456.20 250.33 257.78 1,171,991 27,935 125,893 1984 3,212,040 2,596,516 109,151 506,373 470.70 306.24 270.28 1,222,180 33,426 136,862 1985 3,289,485 2,656,638 107,005 525,842 483.80 315.26 281.92 1,285,281 33,734 148,245 1986 3,380,480 2,728,463 106,974 545,043 487.90 319.74 288.79 1,331,217 34,204 157,403 1987 3,453,414 2,785,859 106,282 561,273 508.20 333.89 304.32 1,415,774 35,486 170,807 1988 3,507,707 2,830,284 103,123 574,300 529.50 348.05 320.21 1,498,635 35,892 183,897 1989 3,583,451 2,895,364 101,630 586,457 556.00 366.72 339.47 1,609,822 37,270 199,085 1990 3,712,763 3,011,294 100,989 600,480 587.20 388.93 361.71 1,768,232 39,278 217,200 1991 3,925,472 3,194,938 114,489 616,045 609.40 406.96 378.86 1,946,995 46,592 233,395 1992 4,236,080 3,467,783 131,324 636,973 626.10 422.65 393.61 2,171,179 55,504 250,719 1993 4,529,466 3,725,966 147,015 656,485 641.70 434.20 407.20 2,390,952 63,834 267,321 1994 4,796,313 3,962,954 160,676 672,683 661.40 446.30 422.40 2,621,098 71,710 284,141 1995 5,044,388 4,185,263 173,024 686,101 681.60 458.30 437.30 2,853,512 79,297 300,032 1996 5,264,321 4,385,623 181,911 696,787 703.90 471.00 454.30 3,087,040 85,680 316,550 1997 5,400,781 4,508,134 187,938 704,709 721.60 480.40 468.60 3,253,069 90,285 330,227 1998 5,605,272 4,698,319 194,181 712,772 733.10 487.30 479.40 3,444,338 94,624 341,703 1999 5,798,776 4,879,455 198,795 720,526 754.10 499.90 495.60 3,679,597 99,378 357,093 2000 5,972,468 5,042,333 201,446 728,689 786.40 519.70 518.30 3,965,291 104,681 377,650 2001 6,208,847 5,268,039 204,255 736,553 814.40 536.70 537.60 4,290,449 109,622 395,956 SOURCES: Annul Sttisticl Supplement to the Socil Security Bulletin, Tle 5.A17 for 1960 1999 dt; Socil Security Disled Beneficiries 100 percent file for 2000 dt; Disled Beneficiries nd Dependents Mster Beneficiry Record file for 2001 dt. NOTE: n.. = not pplicle. CONTACT: Cece Chin (410) 965-5366 for further informtion. 2001 Annul Sttisticl Report on the Socil Security Disility Insurnce Progrm 27