NTRC Dominica April 28 to May 2, 2014 Fort Young Hotel

Mobile Networks Next Generation Mobile Networks Keith A. Benjamin Operations Manager South Cluster LIME (Cable & Wireless)

Global Markets

Mobile Customer Base

GSM Customer Base

Customer Penetration by Region

Revenues

Mobility Technologies and Standards Wireless Old fashion term for radio transceiver More loosely used for cellular networks & broadband Internet carried over radio waves Mobility solutions Require use of wireless technologies Allow free movement (roaming) Maintain connection with infrastructure Wireless technologies in mobility solutions are classified by generation which reflects the type of service and data transfer speed.

Mobility Technologies & Standards Zero Generation (0G 0.5G) First Generation (1G) Second Generation (2G 2.75G) Third Generation (3G 3.75G) Fourth Generation (4G) Fifth Generation (5G)

Zero Generation (0G 0.5G) Preceded modern cellular mobile telephony technology Includes PTT Push to talk MTS Mobile Telephone Systems IMTS Improved MTS AMTS Advanced Mobile Telephone System Public Land Mobile Telephony OLT (Norwegian), MTD (Swedish)

First Generation (1G) Mostly of military origin then civilian Analogue mobile phone standards 1980 AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System NMT Nordic Mobile Telephone CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data

Second Generation (2G 2.75G) Digital Mobile Phone Standard Both 1G & 2G use digital radio signalling Call is encoded to digital signals in 2G as opposed to 1G (modulated to higher frequency >150 MHz) Two main groups/factions evolved European (~60%) American

Second Generation (2G 2.75G) GSM - Global System for Mobile Communications GPRS - General Packet Radio Service EDGE (EGPRS) - Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution HSCSD - High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data D-AMPS - Digital AMPS IS-95, iden - Integrated Digital Enhanced Network, PDC - Personal Digital Cellular CSD - Circuit Switched Data PHS - Personal Handy-phone System WiDEN - Wideband Integrated Dispatch Enhanced Network) CDMA2000 (1xRTT/IS-2000)

Second Generation (2G 2.75G) GSM - Global System for Mobile Communications Most popular standard (Globally 6.9 billion SIM connections at the end of 2013. Avg. 1.8 active SIMs/customer Source: GSMA Mobile Economy 2014) Ubiquitous great for global roaming Both signalling and speech channel are digital Differentiator from predecessors Data capability was factored in early

Second Generation (2G 2.75G) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service Often referred to as 2.5G Mobile data available on GSM Provides moderate data rates 171kbit/s using 8 timeslots Realistic is 30 80 kbits/s (4 TS max for DL)

Second Generation (2G 2.75G) EDGE (EGPRS) - Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution Mobile data available on GSM Add-on to GPRS Functions on any GPRS network once enabled HSCSD, iden, D-AMPS, IS-95, PDC, CSD, PHS, WiDEN, CDMA2000

Third Generation (3G 3.75G) Enables simultaneous voice and data 2G to 3G transition is on-going UMTS (3GSM) (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) Uses W-CDMA as the underlying standard Standardized by the 3GPP, and is the European answer to the ITU IMT-2000 requirements for 3G Cellular radio systems. Theoretically up to 11 Mbit/s / Users only experience up to 384k kbits/s with R99 handsets & 1 to 2 Megs for HSDPA handsets 3.5G HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access) Provides a smooth evolutionary path for UMTS-based 3G Higher data rates achieved. Current deployments support 1.8 MBit/s or 3.6 MBit/s in downlink. 7.2 MBit/s and beyond are planned for the future. W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access), FOMA (Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access), 1xEV-DO/IS-856 (1x Evolution-Data Optimized), TD-SCDMA (Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access), GAN/UMA (Generic Access Network), 3.75G HSUPA (High-Speed Uplink Packet Access.

Fourth Generation (4G) Includes standards for 2G to 3G Open platform for new innovations Some standards 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) (The 3rd Generation Partnership Project) (PP is a collaboration agreement est. Dec 1998. Collaborators: ETSI (Europe), ARIB/TTC (Japan), CCSA (China), ATIS (North America) and TTA (South Korea). The scope of 3GPP is to make a globally applicable 3G mobile phone system specification within the scope of the ITU's IMT-2000 project.) WiMax - Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access WiBro Wireless Broadband (High speed Internet)

LTE Long Term Evolution Spectrum: 2600, 1900, 1800, 900, 800, 700 MHz Ideal 700/20 Meg; AWS 40 Meg Cayman 700 Meg, Band 12 Antigua 1700/2100 Band 4 Barbados 700 Meg (Trial) Actual Performance Max DL 63 Mbps Max UL 25Mbps Simultaneously DL/UL 63/24

Fifth Generation (5G) It s a concept no defined spec yet Will most likely define standards Next leap in mobile beyond 4G 2020 Ultra high speed - Up to1 Gbps (10x4G) Lower cost Imagine it.do it? Pay all bills in a single payment? Replace plastic based payment systems????

Summary Gen Type Typical Frequency 0G 1G 2G 3G 4G Voice Voice Voice & Data Voice & Data Voice & Data Analogue VHF (35-44 MHz), VHF (152-158 MHz) & UHF (454-460 MHz) Digital 150 900 MHz Digital 400 & 450 MHz, 900 & 1800 MHz or 850 & 1900 MHz Digital 400 & 450 MHz, 900 & 1800 MHz or 850 & 1900 MHz Digital 400 & 450 MHz, 900 & 1800 MHz or 850 & 1900 MHz Typical Data Speeds n/a 600-1200 bps 9.6, 56 or 180 kbps 384 kbps, 1.8 or 3.6 Mbps Up to 100 Mbps

Drivers of Evolution Customers want more, quicker, for le$$ Operators Want Growth & Profitability Network Operators Need to Overcome Limitations (spectral efficiency) Enable More Customers Transfer Larger Amounts of Data at Greater Speeds Across Networks Apps Apps Apps

Cable & Wireless/Lime Timeline 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 AMPS TDMA GSM/GPRS 3G 4G LTE 5G?

Operator Challenges Multi Technology Operations Transmission Systems (more links/capacity) Coverage/Penetration Spectrum Availability and Cost Towers Load design limits Physical Space Feeders, Antennas Antennas Types Site Multiple BTS Types Power System Upgrades

Evolution Satisfaction $$$